List of earthquakes in Italy
This is a list of earthquakes in Italy that had epicentres in Italy, or significantly affected the country. On average every four years an earthquake with a magnitude equal to or greater than 5.5 occurs in Italy.[1]
Due to the particular geodynamic situation (convergence of the Eurasian Plate with the African Plate) the Italian territory is frequently subject to earthquakes, giving it the record in Europe for these phenomena.[2] Out of 1,300 destructive earthquakes that occurred in the 2nd millennium in the central Mediterranean Sea, 500 affected Italy.[3]
The analysis of the earthquakes indicates that they are mostly distributed along the areas affected by Alpine and Apennine tectonics, where they are caused by movements along faults.[4] The highest seismicity hazard in Italy has been concentrated in the central-southern part of the peninsula, along the Apennine ridge, in Calabria and Sicily and in some northern areas, like Friuli-Venezia Giulia, part of Veneto and western Liguria.
Geology
[edit]Italy lies on the southern extent of the Eurasian Plate, which is surrounded by the Aegean Sea Plate, the Adriatic Plate, and the Anatolian Plate. The Apennine Mountains contain numerous faults that run along the entire Italian peninsula and form the majority of the destructive boundary between the Eurasian and the Adriatic Plates, thus causing Italy to have high amounts of tectonic activity. In addition, Sicily and Calabria are located near the boundary where the African Plate is subducting below the Eurasian Plate, which was responsible for forming the stratovolcano known as Mount Etna.
List of major earthquakes
[edit]| Date | Region | Mag. | MMI | Deaths | Injuries | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-09-18 | Tuscany | 5.1 Mw | VI | 1 | 1 | Severe damage | [5][6] |
| 2023-03-09 | Umbria | 4.3 Mw 4.6 Mw | IV | 13 | Severe damage | [7][8] | |
| 2022-11-09 | Pesaro-Urbino | 5.6 Mw | VI | 11 | Moderate damage | [9][10] | |
| 2020-02-24 | Calabria | 4.8 Mw | VI | 1 | Moderate damage | [11][12] | |
| 2018-12-26 | Sicily | 5.0 Mw | VII | 30 | Several buildings damaged | [13][14] | |
| 2018-08-16 | Molise | 5.3 Mw | VI | 2 | Moderate damage | [15][16] | |
| 2017-08-21 | Campania | 4.2 Mw | VI | 2 | 42 | ||
| 2017-01-18 | Abruzzo, Lazio | 5.7 Mw | VIII | 34 | 29 | Sequence | |
| 2016-10-30 | Umbria | 6.6 Mw | XI | 3 (indirect) | Dozens | Sequence / extensive damage | |
| 2016-08-24 | Lazio, Umbria, Marche | 6.2 Mw | XI | 299 | >400 | ||
| 2013-06-21 | Tuscany | 5.2 Mw | V | 4 | [17][18] | ||
| 2013-02-16 | Lazio | 4.8 Mw | V | 1 (indirect) | [19][20] | ||
| 2012-05-29 | Emilia-Romagna | 5.8 Mw | VII | 20 | 350 | ||
| 2012-05-20 | Emilia-Romagna | 6.1 Mw | VII | 5 (+2 indirect) | 50 | ||
| 2010-08-16 | Sicily | 4.5 Mw | 7 | Landslides | [21][22] | ||
| 2009-04-06 | L'Aquila | 6.3 Mw | X | 309 | 1,500+ | Severe damage | |
| 2004-11-24 | Lombardy, Salò | 5.1 Mw | VII–VIII * | 9 | Many buildings damaged | [23] | |
| 2003-09-14 | Emilia-Romagna | 5.3 Mw | VII | Some | 10 buildings damaged | [24] | |
| 2003-04-11 | Piedmont, Alessandria | 5.0 Mb | VI * | 2 | [25] | ||
| 2002-11-01 | Molise | 5.8 Mw | 3 | Doublet / additional damage | [26] | ||
| 2002-10-31 | Molise | 5.9 | 30 | Doublet | |||
| 2002-09-06 | Sicily | 6.0 Mw | 2 | 20 | Heart attacks / damage | [27] | |
| 2001-07-17 | Trentino-Alto Adige | 4.7 Mw | VI * | 3 | 3 | Landslides | [28] |
| 1998-09-09 | Basilicata, Calabria | 5.6 Mw | VI–VII * | 2 | 12 | Buildings damaged | [29] |
| 1997-09-26 | Umbria, Marche | 6.1 | 9 | Doublet | |||
| 1997-09-26 | Umbria, Foligno | 5.7 | 2 | Doublet | |||
| 1991-05-26 | Basilicata, Potenza | 5.1 Mb | VIII | A few | Minor damage | [30] | |
| 1990-12-13 | Sicily, Augusta | 5.6 Mw | VII | 19 | 200 | Severe damage | [31] |
| 1990-05-05 | Basilicata, Campania | 5.8 Mw | VII | 2 | 16 | [32] | |
| 1987-05-02 | Emilia-Romagna | 4.8 Mb | VII | 1 | Several | Slight damage | [33] |
| 1985-03-14 | Molise | 4.3 Mw | V | 1 | Slight damage | [34] | |
| 1984-05-07 | Abruzzo, Lazio | 5.9 Mw | VIII | 3 | 100 | Extensive damage | [35] |
| 1984-04-29 | Umbria, Gubbio | 5.7 Mw | VIII | 36 | Extensive damage | [36] | |
| 1983-11-09 | Emilia-Romagna | 5.1 Mw | VIII | 100 | Some damage | [37] | |
| 1980-11-23 | Campania, Basilicata | 6.9 Mw | X | 2,483–4,900 | 7,700–8,934 | Extreme damage | |
| 1979-09-19 | Umbria, Norcia | 5.8 Ms | 5 | 5,000 | Severe damage | NGDC | |
| 1978-04-15 | Gulf of Patti, Sicily | 5.7 Ms | 5 | Moderate damage | NGDC | ||
| 1978-03-11 | Sicily | 5.0 Ms | 2 | 2 | Moderate damage | NGDC | |
| 1976-09-15 | Friuli | 5.9/6.0 | 8 (+3 indirect) | Aftershock | |||
| 1976-09-11 | Friuli | 5.8/5.6 | 2 (indirect) | Aftershock | |||
| 1976-05-06 | Friuli | 6.5 Mw | X | 900–978 | 1,700–2,400 | Extreme damage | |
| 1972-06-14 | Ancona | 4.9 | IX | Extensive damage / swarm | [38] | ||
| 1971-07-15 | Emilia-Romagna | 5.2 Mb | VIII * | 2 | Limited damage | NGDC | |
| 1971-02-06 | Lazio | 4.6 Mb | VIII | 24 | 150 | Extreme damage | NGDC |
| 1969-08-11 | Perugia | 4.7 Ms | VII | 4 | Limited damage | NGDC | |
| 1968-01-15 | Western Sicily | 5.5 Mw | X | 231–400 | 632–1,000 | Sequence | |
| 1962-08-21 | Irpinia, Campania | 6.1 | IX * | 16 | Moderate damage | ||
| 1943-10-03 | Offida, Marche | 5.5 Mw | IX | 15 | Very heavy damage | [39] | |
| 1936-10-18 | Cansiglio | 5.9 ML | IX | 19 | |||
| 1933-09-26 | Abruzzo | 5.6 Mw | IX | 10 | Some damage | [40][41] | |
| 1930-10-30 | Senigallia, Marche | 5.9 | 18 | ||||
| 1930-07-23 | Irpinia | 6.6 Ms | X | 1,404 | 4,624–7,000 | ||
| 1920-09-07 | Garfagnana | 6.4 | 171 | [42] | |||
| 1917-04-26 | Northern Umbria | 5.8 | 20 | ||||
| 1915-01-13 | Avezzano | 6.7 Mw | XI | 29,978–32,610 | Extreme damage | ||
| 1914-05-08 | Sicily | 4.9 Ms | X | 120 | Severe damage | NGDC | |
| 1908-12-28 | Strait of Messina | 7.1 Mw | XI | 75,000–200,000 | Extreme damage / tsunami | ||
| 1907-10-23 | Calabria | 5.9 Ms | VIII–X | 158–167 | Moderate damage | NGDC | |
| 1905-09-08 | Calabria | 7.2 Mw | XI | 557–2,500 | Tsunami | ||
| 1901-10-30 | Salò | 5.5 Mw | VII–VIII | Collapsed buildings | [43] | ||
| 1894-11-16 | Strait of Messina, Sicily, Calabria | 6.0 | IX | 100 | Severe damage | [44] | |
| 1887-02-23 | Liguria | 6.2–6.5 | >2,000 | Significant damage / tsunami | [45][46] | ||
| 1883-07-28 | Ischia | 4.3–5.2 Mw | XI | 2,313 | Near total destruction on in Ischia | ||
| 1873-06-29 | Veneto | 6.3 Me | IX–X | 80 | |||
| 1857-12-16 | Basilicata | 7.0 Mw | XI | 10,000 | Extreme damage | ||
| 1851-08-14 | Basilicata | 700–2,000+ | Many buildings damaged | [47][48] | |||
| 1836-04-25 | Calabria | 6.1 | X | 239 | Severe damage | [49] | |
| 1831-05-26 | Taggia, Sanremo | 5.5 | VIII-IX | Moderate damage | [50] | ||
| 1828-10-09 | Ligurian Apennines, province of Alessandria | 5.8 | VII-VIII | 19 | Moderate damage | [51] | |
| 1808-04-02 | Piedmont | 5.7 | VIII | 2 | Moderate damage | [52] | |
| 1805-07-26 | Campania, Molise | 6.6 Me | X | 5,573 | Extreme damage | ||
| 1802-05-12 | Lombardy, Cremona | 5.7 Mw | VIII-IX | 2 | Collapsed churches, houses, and a municipal building | [53][54][55] | |
| 1783-02-04 | Calabria | 7.0 | 50,000 | [42] | |||
| 1762-10-06 | L'Aquila | 5.3–6.0 Mw | IX | Damage | [56] | ||
| 1743-02-20 | Salento | 7.1 Mw | IX | 180–300 | |||
| 1732-11-29 | Campania | 6.6 | Thousands | [57] | |||
| 1706-11-03 | Abruzzo | 6.6-6.84 Mw | X | 2,400 | Extreme damage | ||
| 1703-02-12 | L'Aquila | 6.7 | XI | 2,500–5,000 | |||
| 1703-01-16 | Montereale | 6.2 | VIII | ||||
| 1703-01-14 | Norcia | 6.7 | X | 6,240–9,761 | |||
| 1694-09-08 | Basilicata | 6.9 | >6,000 | ||||
| 1693-01-11 | Sicily, Malta | 7.4 Mw | XI | 60,000 | |||
| 1688-06-05 | Sannio | 7.0 | XI | 3,311 | Severe damage | NGDC | |
| 1659-11-06 | Calabria | 2,035 | Extreme damage | NGDC | |||
| 1654-07-23 | Sorano, Marsica | X | 600 | Severe damage | NGDC | ||
| 1639-10-07 | Lazio | 6.0 Mw | IX–X | 500 | |||
| 1638-06-09 | Calabria | IX | 52 | Moderate damage | |||
| 1638-03-27 | Calabria | 7.0 Ms | XI | 9,581–30,000 | Extreme damage / tsunami | [58] | |
| 1627-07-30 | Apulia | 6.7 Mw | X | 5,000 | Tsunami | ||
| 1626-07-30 | Naples | 70,000 | |||||
| 1626-04-05 | Girifalco | 6.1 Mw | X | Very heavy damage | |||
| 1616-06-04 | Cagliari | No casualties or damage reported. Registeted on a plaque in the city's cathedral | |||||
| 1570-11-17 | Ferrara | 70–200 | |||||
| 1561-08-19 | Vallo di Diano | 6.4 Mw | X | 500 | [59] | ||
| 1517-03-29 | Irpinia | 5.4 Mw | >50 | Moderate damage | [60] | ||
| 1511-03-26 | Friuli | X | 15 | Severe damage | |||
| 1466-01-15 | Irpinia | 6.1 | VIII-IX | >100 | [61] | ||
| 1461-11-27 | L'Aquila | 6.3 | IX | >80 | High intensity over Abruzzo region | ||
| 1456-12-30 | Benevento | 6.6 Mw | X–XI | Sequence | |||
| 1456-12-05 | Molise | 7.1–7.4 Mw | X–XI | 30,000–70,000 | High intensity over large area. Largest earthquake on the Italian Peninsula. | [62] | |
| 1453-09-28 | Florence | 5.3 | VII-VIII | Moderate damage | [63] | ||
| 1361-07-17 | Ascoli Satriano | 6.0 | >1,000 | Extreme damage | [64] | ||
| 1349-09-09 | L'Aquila | 6.7 | X | 2,000 | Severe damage | NGDC | |
| 1348-01-25 | Friuli | 6.9 | X | 10,000 | Extreme damage | ||
| 1343-11-25 | Naples | Tsunami | |||||
| 1328-12-04 | Norcia | 6.4 | X | 2,000-5,000 | [65] | ||
| 1315-12-03 | L'Aquila | 5.6 | IX | Moderate damage | [66] | ||
| 1298-12-01 | Monti Reatini | 6.3 | X | Numerous deaths and severe damage | [67] | ||
| 1293-09-04 | Samnium, Naples | 5.8 | VIII-IX | Moderate damage | [68] | ||
| 1222-12-25 | Northern Italy | X | 12,000 | Extreme damage | |||
| 1169-02-04 | Sicily | X | 15,000–25,000 | Severe damage / tsunami | |||
| 1117-01-03 | Northern Italy | VII | Severe damage | ||||
| 1046-11-09 | Valle dell'Adige | IX-X | Numerous deaths and severe damage | [69] | |||
| 801-04-29 | Central Apennines | 5.4 Me | VII–VIII | Severe damage | [70] | ||
| 951 | Rossano | IX | Severe damage | [71][72] | |||
| 853 | Messina | IX-X | Severe damage | [73] | |||
| 847 | Samnium | Severe damage | [74] | ||||
| 801-04-29 | Spoleto, Perugia | Severe damage | [75] | ||||
| 778 | Treviso | VIII-IX | 48 | Moderate damage | [71][76] | ||
| 725 | Classe | VIII | Moderate damage | [71][77] | |||
| 584 | Liguria | Severe damage | [78] | ||||
| 375 | Benevento | IX | Severe damage | [71] | |||
| 369-07-21 | Benevento | Thousands | Severe damage | [71] | |||
| 361 | Sicily and Calabria | X | Drastic decrease in the population along the Strait of Messina | Extreme damage / tsunami | [71][79] | ||
| 346 | Samnium | IX | Severe damage | [71][80] | |||
| 101 | San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore | IX-X | Severe damage | [71][81] | |||
| 99 | Circello, Benevento | IX-X | Severe damage | [71][82] | |||
| 79-08-24 | Vesuvian area | VIII | Thousands | Earthquake caused by the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD | [71] | ||
| 62-02-05 | Campania | 5.2–6.1 | IX–X | Severe damage | |||
| 56 BC-04 | Potenza Picena | VIII-IX | Severe damage | [71][83] | |||
| 91 BC | Modena, Reggio Emilia | VIII | Moderate damage | [71] | |||
| 100 BC | Marche | VIII-X | Severe damage | [71][84] | |||
| 217 BC-06 | Etruria | X | Severe damage | [71] | |||
| Note: The NGDC has records for significant events that go back several thousand years BCE. Added for source diversity, the United States Geological Survey reports are sufficient from the early 1980s to the present. Occasionally, these sources omit the maximum felt intensity. Rovida et al. 2011 can help fill in some of the gaps. Intensity values derived from this source are indicated with an asterisk. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded. | |||||||
Gallery
[edit]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Alla scoperta dei terremoti: Dove avvengono i terremoti in Italia?". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
- ^ "Italia", Enciclopedia di geografia (in Italian), Garzanti, 2006, pp. 782–783, ISBN 978-8811505198
- ^ "La Geologia regionale". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ D. Scrocca; C. Doglioni; F. Innocenti (2003). "Constraints for an interpretation of the italian geodynamics: a review". Memorie Descrittive Carta Geologica d'Italia. Vol. LXII. pp. 15–4.
- ^ National Earthquake Information Center (18 September 2023). "M 5.1 - northern Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ "Terremoto, anziana cada durante l'evacuazione della casa di riposo e muore: indagano i carabinieri". www.forlitoday.it. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ National Earthquake Information Center (9 March 2023). "M 4.3 - 2 km SW of Umbertide, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
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- ^ "M 4.8 - 2km E of San Vincenzo la Costa, Italy". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
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- ^ USGS. "M5.8 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M6.0 - Sicily, Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M4.7 - northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M5.6 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M5.1 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M5.6 - Sicily, Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M5.8 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M4.8 - northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "M 4.3 - 2 km SE of Miranda, Italy". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
- ^ USGS. "M5.9 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M5.7 - central Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS. "M5.1 - northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ Kisslinger, C. (1972), "The Ancona, Italy Earthquake Swarm, 1972", Seismological Research Letters, 43 (4), Seismological Society of America: 9–14, Bibcode:1972SeiRL..43d...9K, doi:10.1785/gssrl.43.4.9
- ^ Tertulliani, A.; Castelli, V.; Rossi, A.; Vecchi, M. (2014), "Reappraising a wartime earthquake: the October 3, 1943 event in the southern Marches (central Italy)", Annals of Geophysics, 57 (6), Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia: 1, 7, 8, doi:10.4401/ag-6645
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- ^ "AHEAD - 4 September 1293 earthquake - Sannio". Retrieved 2018-09-12.
- ^ "9 novembre 1046 Media valle dell'Adige". Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes. INGV. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ^ Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari, G.; Mariotti, D.; Comastri, A.; Tarabusi, G.; Sgattoni, G.; Valensise, G. (2018). "801 04 29, 20:00 Roma (Italy)". Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (461 a.C.–1997) e nell'area Mediterranea (760 a.C.–1500). Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Catalogo parametrico dei terremoti italiani 217 A.C. -2002". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Ventimiglia e il terremoto del 1887". Archived from the original on 24 January 2015.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
- ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
Notes
[edit]- "Historic Worldwide Earthquakes". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
- NGDC (1972), Significant Earthquake Database (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
- Rovida, Andrea; Camassi, Romano; Gasperini, Paolo; Stucchi, Massimiliano (2011), "Earthquake catalog", in Rovida, A.; Camassi, R.; Gasperini, P.; Stucchi, M. (eds.), CPTI11, the 2011 version of the Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes (Data Set), Milano, Bologna: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, doi:10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI11
Further reading
[edit]- Mario Baratta (1901). I terremoti d'Italia [Earthquakes in Italy] (in Italian). Turin: Fratelli Bocca. (includes chronology)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Earthquakes in Italy.
- Catalogue of the Strong Earthquakes 461 a.C. – 1997 (from the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – INGV)
