Сант -Агнез за стенами
| Церковь святого Агнес за стены Sant'agnese за стенами (на итальянском языке) Св. Агнес за стенами (на латыни) | |
|---|---|
 Фасад. | |
 Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| 41°55′23″N 12°31′08″E / 41.92292°N 12.51888°E | |
| Location | 349 Via Nomentana, Rome |
| Country | Italy |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Tradition | Roman Rite |
| Religious order | Canons Regular of the Lateran |
| Website | www www |
| History | |
| Status | Titular church, minor basilica, parish church |
| Dedication | Saint Agnes |
| Architecture | |
| Architectural type | Byzantine |
| Groundbreaking | 4th century AD |
| Completed | 7th century AD |
| Clergy | |
| Cardinal protector | Cardinal Camillo Ruini |
Церковь Святого Агнес за стенами ( итальянская : Сант-Агня Фуори Ле Мура ) -титульная церковь , незначительная базилика в Риме , на месте, находящемся от Виа Номентина , которая проходит на северо-востоке от города, все еще под его древним именем. [ 1 ] То, что, как говорят, остатки Святого Агнес , ниже высокого алтаря. Церковь построена на катакомбах Святого Агнес , где изначально было похоронен Святой, и которая все еще может быть посещена из церкви. Большая базилика с тем же названием была построена поблизости в 4 -м веке, и ее руины можно увидеть возле Санта -Костанца , на том же месте. Существующая церковь была построена Папой Хонорием I в 7 -м веке и в значительной степени сохраняет свою первоначальную структуру, несмотря на много изменений в украшении. В частности, мозаика в апсии Агнес, Хонория и другой папу в основном в своем первоначальном состоянии. Текущий кардинальный священник Titulus S. Agnetis Extra Moenia - Camillo Ruini . [ 2 ]
История
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Очень большая базилика была построена в нескольких метрах от нынешней церкви в 4 -м веке, к которой был прикреплен большой частный мавзолей для Константины , дочери Константина I. Мавзолей был позже превращен в церковь, которая выживает и теперь известна как Санта -Костанца (она была почитана как святой, хотя она официально не была одной). Он содержит очень важные мозаики 4 -го века , особенно большие области потолка в светском стиле, а также две маленькие мозаики апсии, одна из которых включает в себя раннее изображение Иисуса в том, что стало стандартным стилем длинных честных волос и ореола .
The large basilica decayed during the decline of Rome, and was replaced in the 7th century by the present much smaller church, commissioned by Pope Honorius I. The lower part of the walls from about half of one side of the Constantinian basilica, and its apse, can still be seen. The new church was over what was believed to be Agnes's grave. The floor level of the 7th-century church is some two metres above the level of the catacomb floor, and the public street entrances are at the level of the 2nd floor gallery. A long wide internal set of steps, lined with inscriptions from the catacombs and other ancient buildings set into the walls, leads down from the street level to the floor level of the church. The apse mosaic from Honorius's time is still present, and less affected by restoration than most mosaics of this date. On a gold ground, a central standing figure of Agnes in the costume of a Byzantine empress is flanked by Honorius, offering a model of the building, and another pope, whose identity is uncertain. The church was also built with a separate upper gallery for women (matronaeum), similar to that of San Lorenzo fuori le mura. Saint Emerentiana was also buried here.[3]
The catacombs are on three levels, dating from the 2nd to the 5th centuries; part of the highest level dating to the 2nd century can be visited by a guided tour. Though no paintings remain in place, there are a number of inscriptions and engraved images of interest. Many more inscriptions line the large staircase leading from the main convent above to the church.
It is in this church that on the feast day of St. Agnes (January 21), two lambs are specially blessed, usually by the pope after a pontifical high Mass; their wool is later woven into pallia, ceremonial neck-stoles sent by the popes to newly elevated Metropolitan-archbishops to symbolise their union with the papacy.
The church was assigned to the Canons Regular of the Lateran by Pope Innocent VIII in 1489; and they continued to serve it after Pope Clement XI made it a parish church in 1708. It is the headquarters of the primaria sodality of the Children of Mary, founded here in 1864.[4]
In legend and literature
[edit]The church is the topic of Canadian author and anthropologist Margaret Visser's book The Geometry of Love, published in 2000, which describes it in exhaustive detail and discusses aspects of history, theology, architecture, symbolism and the emotional and aesthetic effects of visiting the church.
List of Cardinal Priests
[edit]The Church of S. Agnese fuori le mura was established as a titular church for a Cardinal Priest on 5 October 1654 by Pope Innocent X:[5]
- Baccio Aldobrandini[6] (5 October 1654 – 1 April 1658)
- Girolamo Farnese (6 May 1658 – 18 February 1668)
- Vitaliano Visconti (18 March 1669 – 7 October 1671)
- Federico Borromeo (iuniore) (8 August 1672 – 18 February 1673)
- Toussaint de Forbin-Janson (10 July 1690 – 28 September 1693)
- Giambattista Spinola (20 February 1696 – 7 April 1698)
- Rannuzio Pallavicino (25 June 1706 – 30 June 1712)
- Giorgio Spínola (20 January 1721 – 15 December 1734)
- Serafino Cenci (27 June 1735 – 24 June 1740)
- Filippo Maria De Monti (23 September 1743 – 10 April 1747)
- Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld (15 May 1747 – 29 April 1757)
- Etienne-René Potier de Gesvres (2 August 1758 – 24 July 1774)
- Luigi Valenti Gonzaga (30 March 1778 – 29 November 1790)
- Giuseppe Spina (24 May 1802 – 21 February 1820)
- Dionisio Bardaxí y Azara (27 September 1822 – 3 December 1826)
- Ignazio Nasalli-Ratti (17 September 1827 – 2 December 1831)
- Filippo Giudice Caracciolo (30 September 1833 – 29 January 1844)
- Hugues-Robert-Jean-Charles de la Tour d’Auvergne-Lauraquais (16 April 1846 – 20 July 1851)
- Girolamo D’Andrea in commendam (18 March 1852 – 14 May 1868)
- Lorenzo Barili (24 September 1868 – 8 March 1875)
- Pietro Giannelli (31 March 1875 – 5 November 1881)
- Charles-Martial Allemand-Lavigerie (3 July 1882 – 25 November 1892)
- Georg von Kopp (19 January 1893 – 4 March 1914)
- Károly Hornig (28 May 1914 – 9 February 1917)
- Adolf Bertram (18 December 1919 – 6 July 1945)
- Samuel Alphonse Stritch (22 February 1946 – 26 May 1958)
- Carlo Confalonieri (18 December 1958 – 15 March 1972)
- Louis-Jean Guyot (5 March 1973 – 1 August 1988)
- Camillo Ruini (28 June 1991 – present)[2]
References
[edit]- ^ "S. Agnese fuori le mura". Retrieved 25 October 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXXIII. 1991. p. 630.
- ^ David Farmer, Oxford Dictionary of Saints Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 157
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, 1922, s.v. canons, p. 153
- ^ David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy: S. Agnese fuori le mura. Retrieved: 2016-03-12.
- ^ Salvador Miranda, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Cardinal Baccio Aldobrandini. Retrieved: 2016-03-12.
- Additional sources
- Marina Magnani Cianetti and Carlo Pavolini, La Basilica costantiniana di Sant'Agnese: lavori archeologici e di restauro (Milano: Electa, 2004).
- Visser, Margaret (2001). The Geometry of Love : Space, Time, Mystery, and Meaning in an ordinary church (1st American ed.). New York: North Point Press. ISBN 0-86547-618-7.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann, S. Agnese Fuori le Mura und die byzantinische Frage in der frühchristlichen Architektur Roms (Leipzig 1941).
- Carlo Cecchelli, S. Agnese fuori le mura e S. Costanza (Roma, Casa Editrice 1924) [Le chiese di Roma illustrate, no. 10].
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- Приходский сайт
- Lucentini, M. (31 декабря 2012 г.). Римский гид: шаг за шагом через величайший город истории . Interlink. ISBN 9781623710088 .
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