Сердце пальмы
Сердце ладони - это овощ , собранная из внутреннего ядра и растущее бутону некоторых пальм , особенно кокосовое орех ( Cocos nucifera ), Juçara ( Euterpe Edulis ), Аасаа -пальма ( Euterpe oleracea ), Palmetto ( Sabal spp.) И персич ладонь . Сбор многих некультивированных или диких односторонних пальм (например, Geonoma edulis ) приводит к гибели пальмы. [ 1 ] Тем не менее, другие виды пальм являются клональными или много сцены растения (например, Acuminata , Euterpe Oleracea ), и умеренный уборки не убивает всю клональную ладонь. Сердце пальмы можно съесть самостоятельно, и часто его едят в салате .
Существуют сорта пальм, которые стали одомашненными видами ферм в качестве альтернативы поиску диких ладоней. Основным разнообразием, одомашненным, является Bactris Gasipaes , известный на английском языке как Peach Palm . [ 2 ] Этот сорт наиболее широко используется для консервирования. Персиковые ладони самососараются и производят несколько стеблей , [ 3 ] с до 40 на одном растении. Это позволяет производителям снизить затраты, собирая несколько стеблей от растения, избегая смерти ладони. Другое преимущество заключается в том, что персиковая пальма была избирательно разводилась, чтобы устранить шипы своих диких двоюродных братьев. Поскольку сбор урожая все еще трудоемкий, пальмовые сердца считаются деликатесом.
Names
[edit]Major local names for heart of palm include palm cabbage or palmetto in Florida and Trinidad; palmito in South and Central America; ubod in the Philippines; củ hủ dừa in Vietnam; cœur de palmier in French; corazón de palma or col de palma in Spanish; coração de palma or palmito in Portuguese; and cuore di palma in Italian. Swamp cabbage in Florida
Nutrition
[edit]| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | 79.5 kJ (19.0 kcal) | ||
3.1 g | |||
| Sugars | 0.0 g | ||
| Dietary fiber | 1.6 g | ||
0.39 g | |||
1.55 g | |||
| |||
| †Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[4] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[5] | |||
Hearts of palm are rich in fiber, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, copper, vitamins B2, B6, and C.[6] They are ranked as a "good" source of protein, riboflavin, and potassium, and as a "very good source" of dietary fiber, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and especially, manganese,[7] along with being a good ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The high sodium content noted on the chart for hearts of palm relates to the canned product; it is not present in the fresh product.
Cultivation
[edit]Harvesting and eating heart of palm is traditional in the cultures of Southeast Asia and South and Central America, pre-dating the colonial era. The species used depend on the region.[8]
In Southeast Asia, the dominant source of hearts of palm are coconuts (Cocos nucifera). Other palms species used include rattans (Calamus spp.), fishtail palms (Caryota spp.), areca palm (Areca catechu), Linospadix spp., Arenga spp., sago palms (Metroxylon sagu), and buri palms (Corypha spp.), among others.[8]
In Central and South America, the dominant species used are juçara palms (Euterpe edulis), açaí palms (Euterpe oleracea), and pejibaye palms (Bactris spp.). Other species used include sabal palmettos (Sabal spp.), grugru palms (Acrocomia aculeata), royal palms (Roystonea spp.), Astrocaryum spp., maripa palms (Attalea maripa), urucuri palms (Attalea phalerata), cohune palms (Attalea cohune), hesper palms (Brahea spp.), and Syagrus spp., among others.[8] In South America, Euterpe precatoria (in Peru and Bolivia), Euterpe edulis (in Brazil), and Prestoea acuminata (in Ecuador) were formerly harvested commercially on a large scale, but currently not any longer due to overharvesting.[9] A 2000 case study in the journal Biotropica proposed that Euterpe edulis could be sustainably grown and harvested.[10] Today, commercially available palmito in South America is typically derived from wild Euterpe oleracea and cultivated Bactris gasipaes.[11]
Cultivation has also spread to South Asia, Africa, and other parts of the world, utilizing native palms like Ravenea madagascariensis, Phoenix canariensis, Lodoicea maldivica, and Borassus aethiopum, among others.[8] Based on a 1987 article, peach palms were previously shown to have stretched out from Bolivia to Honduras as well as the Amazon River into Central America, however recent studies into their conservation have estimated that their geographical distribution actually extends into the Caribbean and other continents.[12]
As of 2008, Costa Rica was the primary source of fresh palm hearts in the U.S.[6] Peach palms are also cultivated in Hawaii,[3] and now have limited distribution on the mainland, primarily to the restaurant trade. Florida's wild Sabal palmetto or cabbage palm was once a source of hearts of palm but is now protected by conservation law.[2]
Harvesting
[edit]
When harvesting the cultivated young palm, the tree is cut down, and the bark is removed, leaving layers of white fibers around the center core. During processing, the fibers are removed, leaving the center core or heart of palm. The center core is attached to a slightly more fibrous cylindrical base with a larger diameter. The entire cylindrical center core and the attached base are edible. The center core is considered more of a delicacy because of its lower fiber content.[citation needed] Arecaceae was brought up in a 2003 article with regard to its long-winded harvesting process. It is mentioned that this palm reaches full maturation within 8–10 years and that the complete removal of the heart requires the ruination of the entire plant.[13] While there are concerns about the negative impacts of harvesting palm hearts, further conservation efforts could be explored using the research on the outcome of adaptations to moisture within the grown environment on the life span of heart of palm seeds.[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
- ^ Sylvester, O.; Avalos, G. (2009). Illegal palm heart (Geonoma edulis) harvest in Costa Rican national parks: patterns of consumption and extraction. Economic Botany. 63(2): 179-189.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Zeldes, Leah A. (2010-11-17). "Eat this! Heart of palm, an exotic taste of the tropics". Dining Chicago. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from the original on 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Rose Kahele (August–September 2007). "Big Island Hearts". Hana Hou! Vol. 10, No. 4.
- ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Hearts of Palm: Nutrition . Selection . Storage". Fruits & Veggies More Matters. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
- ^ "Hearts of palm, canned". Self NutritionData. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Tabora, P.C. Jr.; Balick, M.J.; Bovi, M.L.A.; Guerra, M.P.; Williams, J.T. (1993). "Hearts of palm (Bactris, Euterpe and others)". Underutilized Crops: Pulses and Vegetables (PDF). London: Chapman & Hall. pp. 193–218. ISBN 0412466104.
- ^ Galetti, Mauro; Fernandez, JosÉ Carlos (April 1998). "Palm heart harvesting in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: changes in industry structure and the illegal trade". Journal of Applied Ecology. 35 (2): 294–301. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.1998.00295.x. hdl:11449/33053. ISSN 0021-8901.
- ^ Reis, Mauricio Sedrez dos; Fantini, Alfredo Celso; Nodari, Rubens Onofre; Reis, Ademir; Guerra, Miguel Pedro; Mantovani, Adelar (2000). "Management and Conservation of Natural Populations in Atlantic Rain Forest: The Case Study of Palm Heart (Euterpe edulis Martius)". Biotropica. 32 (4b): 894–902. ISSN 0006-3606.
- ^ Brokamp, Grischa (2015). Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America: Insights from the Plant Families Arecaceae and Krameriaceae. Wiesbaden: Springer Spektrum. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-08696-1. ISBN 978-3-658-08695-4.
- ^ Clement, Charles R.; UrpÍ, Jorge E. Mora (April 1987). "Pejibaye palm (Bactris gasipaes, Arecaceae): Multi-use potential for the lowland humid tropics". Economic Botany. 41 (2): 302–311. doi:10.1007/bf02858977. ISSN 0013-0001.
- ^ Gaiotto, F. A. (2003-09-01). "Genetic Structure, Mating System, and Long-Distance Gene Flow in Heart of Palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.)". Journal of Heredity. 94 (5): 399–406. doi:10.1093/jhered/esg087. eISSN 1465-7333. ISSN 0022-1503.
- ^ De Almeida, T.M.H.; Andrade, A.C.S.; Lopes, H.M. (2009-07-01). "Brazilian cacti seed germination under different temperature and substrate conditions". Seed Science and Technology. 37 (2): 474–479. doi:10.15258/sst.2009.37.2.21. ISSN 0251-0952.
| Базы данных управления авторитетом : национальный |
|---|
