✖


Jump to content

Thai animation

    Add links

    Thai animation (Thai: แอนิเมชันไทย) has a rich history, dating back to the 1950s with the production of the first Thai animated shorts. Payut Ngaokrachang is considered the founding father of Thai animation.[1] Over the decades, the industry has flourished, earning both local and international recognition. Today, Thailand has established itself as a popular outsourcing destination for animation work, with 91% of its animation studios providing services to international companies. This has boosted exports and raised the profile of Thai animation, earning recognition from the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) as the top animation-related business destination in Southeast Asia in 2016.[2][3]

    History[edit]

    Early beginnings[edit]

    Thai animation has a rich history dating back to the mid-20th century. The first Thai animated shorts were created using traditional hand-drawn animation techniques, with "Amazing Incidents" premiering in 1955 at the Sala Chaloem Thai.[4] This animation, which had a runtime of 10 minutes, caught the attention of the American News Agency (USIS) in Bangkok where Payut Ngaokrachang was working as an art officer. Payut, considered a pioneer of Thai animation and a prominent animator and illustrator, was then invited to visit Toho in Japan to receive training in animated film-making. He went on to create "The New Adventures of Hanuman" in 1957, which had a runtime of 14.43 minutes,[5] and "The Children and the Bear" in 1959, which was 14 minutes long. These two animations were created while Payut was working on animation in Japan for the American News Agency, according to the agency's objective of creating an animated film against communism.[6][7]

    In 1979, Payut created his first full-length animated film "The Adventure of Sudsakorn", which was based on the story of the poet Sunthon Phu and had a runtime of 82 minutes, consisting of 66,000 paintings. The film is widely considered a significant milestone in Thai animation history, and it was the first feature-length animated film produced in Thailand using traditional hand-drawn animation techniques. The film was a huge success, earning 2 million baht at the Athens Ratchathewi theater and making a significant impact on the Thai animation industry.[8][1]

    1999–present[edit]

    In 1999, Broadcast Thai Television adapted Thai literary works into 2D animated TV shows, such as "Pla Boo Thong", "Sang Thong", "Ngo Pa", and "Lok Nithan", which revitalized the Thai animation industry. Three years later in 2002, the Thai 3D animation industry saw the release of "PangPond The Future World Adventure", adapted from a comic, which marked a golden year for the industry. The animation first aired as an episodic series on Channel 3 in April before being edited into the feature film "PangPond The Animation [th]" by Vithita Animation in October. Directed by Chaiporn Panichrutiwong, a rising star in the animation industry, the film was well-received and went on to become one of Thailand's leading animation franchises. It was also the first Thai animation to be shown in IMAX theaters.[9][10][11][12]

    In the same year, "King Vikram and Vetal The Vampire", directed by Suthep Tantirooj and Panuthep Sutthepthamrong and animated by Anya Animation studio, was the first Thai 3D computer-animated film. It premiered at the Hiroshima International Animation Festival in Japan in August 2002 before being shown in festivals in Thailand. Despite being the first of its kind in Thailand, it was not until later that it gained recognition as a significant milestone in Thai animation.[13]

    In 2007, Vithita Animation released the 2D animated series "Ramakien Mini Animation". Based on the Ramakien epic, the animated series was well-received and has continued to be a favorite among audiences, becoming a phenomenon for the animation industry in Thailand and leading to the sale of character rights for use in advertising and production of copyrighted products.[12]

    Other notable TV series animated during this era include "Shelldon", created by Shellhut Entertainment and directed by Jirayuth Chusanachoti with a budget of around 100 million baht. The series debuted in the Thailand Animation Festival in 2005 and later was broadcast on Channel 3 in 2008. It was shown in over 150 countries and its license was purchased in over 16 countries, leading to the creation of three seasons.[14] Another series, "Paddle Pop Adventures", was created by The Monk Studios and was released in 2005, launching in over 33 countries.

    Thai animation has come a long way since its early beginnings, and the industry has seen many significant milestones along the way. In 2006, Kantana Animation released the animated film "Khan Kluay", which was a turning point for the industry in terms of both budget and quality. The film, set in the Ayutthaya period, follows the adventures of Khan Kluay and captures the identity and symbols of Thailand. Directed by Kompin Kemgumnird, who has worked with renowned studios such as Walt Disney and Blue Sky Studios, "Khan Kluay" was a commercial success and became the highest-grossing film of the year in Thailand.[15]

    Kantana Animation started in 1987 as a subcontractor for Japan's Toei. In 1994, it produced its first Thai animated series, "Twin Witches".[16] In addition to original productions, the company is also known for its outsourcing work, contributing to well-known works such as "Saint Seiya" and "Dragon Ball". Today, Kantana continues to offer outsourcing services to the Japanese animation industry.[17]

    2007 saw the release of the 2D computer-animated film "The Life of Buddha". The film, which recounts the story of Lord Buddha, was produced by Media Standard Company and directed by Kritsaman Wattananarong. The technical director, Wisanukorn Kongsomsak, had previously worked for Thai Wang Film Productions, which outsourced work for major studios such as Walt Disney and Warner Bros.[18]

    BeboydCG Studio, a subsidiary of True Corporation, and Sahamongkol Film collaborated on the animated film "Nak" which was released in 2008. The film uses both 2D image processing and 3D techniques to create characters and scenes and features the ghost character Mae Nak, based on the figure of the Thai female spirit who has a baby and can stretch her arms. The film was a hit and received praise for its cute and fun story that also conveyed moral themes.[18]

    The success of "Khan Kluay" led to the creation of its sequel, "Khan Kluay 2", which was released in 2009. In 2012, Kantana Animation released its third animated film, "Echo Planet", a 90-minute 3D stereoscopic film. Despite a large investment of 170 million baht, the film only earned 17 million baht domestically.[18]

    In October 2012, the 3D animated film "Yak: The Giant King" was released. The film, a joint venture worth over 100 million baht by Sahamongkol Film and Ittirit House, was directed by Prapas Cholsaranon and produced by Workpoint Pictures. The film took nearly 6 years and a team of 30 people to create, showcasing the dedication and talent of the Thai animation industry.[18]

    With a budget of 230 million baht, "The Legend of Muay Thai: 9 Satra" is a 2018 animated film directed by Pongsa Kornsri, Nat Yoswatananont, and Gun Phansuwon. It was a collaboration between Igloo Studio, Exformat Films, and RiFF Studio, distributed by M Pictures. The film follows the story of a young boy named Ott, who becomes a Muay Thai warrior to save his village from the occupation of Ramthep Nakorn by Asura. Despite generating an impressive 20 million baht in earnings within just the first four days of its release and earning 100 million baht nationwide by the year of its release, it did not recoup its entire budget in the same year. Nevertheless, the film was released on Netflix,[19] allowing it to reach a wider international audience. It is known for its animation, which sets a new standard and demonstrates the growth and development of Thai animation.[20][21][22][23]

    Another interesting is new wave of Indepedenece animator who create their content animation on YouTube as Pasulol or Pasu Lorpensri animator who create short animation on his YouTube chanel with satire comedy on a life and tradition of thai society with 2.32 million follower and most watched clip are 25 million view[24]

    Studios[edit]

    This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
    StudioFoundedNotes
    Alternate Studio2008
    Anya Animation2001
    Appreciate Entertainment2001
    BeboydCG Studio1997Became a subsidiary of True Corporation in 2001.
    Chardo Animation2022
    CKA Chiang Mai2005Subsidiary of Creative Kingdoms Inc.[25]
    EEZ Studios2016[26]
    Igloo Studio2007[27]
    Imagimax Studio1998[28]
    Kantana Animation Studios1987Kantana Animation transformed into Kantana Animation Studios Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Kantana Group, in 2007.
    Kyoraku Pictures Thailand2013Subsidiary of Japanese Kyoraku Pictures[29]
    Lunchbox Studio2008
    M2 Animation1998Subsidiary of Danish M2 Entertainment.
    Muffin Animation2003[30]
    RiFF Studio2009[31]
    RSU Animation2014
    Shellhut Entertainment2007Subsidiary of Shellhut Co., Ltd.[32]
    Studio Kun2014[33]
    Studio Porta2014[34]
    Teapot Studio2007[35]
    The Monk Studios2006[36]
    Thai Wang Film Productions1989Subsidiary of Taiwanese-American Wang Film Productions Co., Ltd.
    Vithita Animation2001[37]
    Yggdrazil Group2006[38]
    Zurreal Studio2005

    Animations[edit]

    Animation films[edit]

    YearTitleDirector(s)StudioTechniqueNotes
    1979The Adventure of Sudsakorn
    สุดสาคร    		Payut Ngaokrachang–Traditional animationFirst full-length animation film in Thailand.
    2002King Vikram and Vetal The Vampire
    อภินิหารนิทานเวตาล    		Suthep Tantirooj
    Panuthep Sutthepthamrong    		Anya AnimationCG animationFirst 3D computer-animated film in Thailand which was screened at foreign festivals before screening at festivals in Thailand.[39]
    2002PangPond The Animation
    ปังปอนด์ ดิ แอนิเมชัน ตอน ตะลุยโลกอนาคต    		Chaiporn PanichrutiwongVithita AnimationCG animationFirst Thai animation to be shown in IMAX theaters.
    2006Khan Kluay
    ก้านกล้วย    		Kompin KemgumnirdKantana AnimationCG animationAn Indian redubbed version Jumbo was released in 2008.[40]
    2007The Life of Buddha
    พระพุทธเจ้า    		Kritsaman WattananarongMedia Standard Co., Ltd.2D animation
    2008Nak
    นาค    		Natthaphong RatanachoksirikulSahamongkol Film InternationalCG animation
    2009Khan Kluay 2
    ก้านกล้วย 2    		Taweelap SrivuthivongKantana AnimationCG animationAn Indian redubbed version Jumbo 2: The Return of the Big Elephant was released in 2011.
    2012Echo Planet
    เอคโค่ จิ๋วก้องโลก    		Kompin KeamkumnedKantana AnimationCG animation
    Yak: The Giant King
    ยักษ์    		Prapas CholsaranonWorkpoint EntertainmentCG animation
    2014The Story of Mahajanaka
    พระมหาชนก    		Kriangkrai Suparasahasrangsi
    Thananchanok Suban Na Ayutthaya
    Nop Thamwanich    		Software Industry Promotion Agency (SIPA)
    Thai Animation and Computer Graphic Association (TACGA)[41]    		3D animation
    2015Ananta: Light of Hope
    อนันตา:ศิลาพิชิตมาร    		Walpha PhimhthongMedia Standard Co.Ltd2D animation
    Khun Tong Daeng: The Inspirations
    คุณทองแดง ดิ อินสไปเรชั่นส์    		Nitipat Somsaman
    Phanlop Sincharoen
    Saksiri Koshpasharin    		Dr.Head
    Imagimax Studio
    The Monk Studios
    Workpoint Pictures    		CG animation
    2018The Legend of Muay Thai: 9 Satra
    9 ศาสตรา    		Pongsa Kornsri
    Nat Yoswatananont
    Gun Phansuwon    		Exformat Films
    Igloo Studio
    RiFF Studio    		CG animation
    Krut: The Himmaphan Warriors
    ครุฑ: มหายุทธ หิมพานต์    		Chaiporn PanichrutiwongRangsit University
    RSU Animation    		CG animation
    2023Mantra Warrior: The Legend of the Eight Moons
    นักรบมนตรา: ตำนานแปดดวงจันทร์    		Veerapatra JinanavinRiFF StudioCG animation[42]
    TBABlack Dust–Igloo StudioCG animation[43]

    Animation series[edit]

    YearTitleStudioSeason(s)Episode(s)TechniqueNotes
    2002PangPond The Future World Adventure
    ปังปอนด์ ดิ แอนิเมชั่น ตอน ตะลุยโลกอนาคต    		Vithita Animation1103D animation
    2003–2014PangPond The Series
    ปังปอนด์ เดอะซีรีส์    		Vithita Animation3652D animation
    2004PangPond The Insect World Adventure
    ปังปอนด์ ดิ แอดเวนเจอร์ ตอน ผจญโลกแมลง    		Vithita Animation183D animation
    20053 Kingdoms Super Fun
    3Kok Mahasanook
    สามก๊ก มหาสนุก    		Vithita Animation2522D animation
    2005–2016Paddle Pop Adventures
    แพดเดิลป๊อป    		The Monk Studios672CG animation
    2006PangPond The Himmapan Adventure
    ปังปอนด์ ดิ แอดเวนเจอร์ ตอน ตะลุยป่าหิมพานต์    		Vithita Animation183D animation
    20064 Angies
    โฟร์แองจี สี่สาวแสนซน    		Anya Animation3563D animation
    2007Ramakien Mini Animation
    รามเกียรติ์ มินิ แอนิเมชั่น    		Vithita Animation1782D animation
    20084 Comrades
    4 สหายล่าไอเย็น    		Vithita Animation1132D animation[44]
    2008Bubble WarriorsCKA Chiang Mai1?CG animation
    2008Shelldon
    เชลล์ดอน    		Shellhut Entertainment3783D animation
    2008The Salads
    เดอะสลัดแก๊งจอมป่วน    		Igloo Studio1263D animation
    2008Trio BunniesCKA Chiang Mai1?CG animation
    2009DoggaDoop
    ด๊อกกาดู๊ป    		Homerun Entertainment152CG animation
    2009Mahosod
    มโหสถ ปราชญ์น้อยคู่แผ่นดิน    		Vithita Animation1262D animation[45]
    2010StarDog
    สตาร์ด๊อก    		Broadcast Thai Animation1262D animation Byrdland[46]
    2011Byrdland Flying With Byrd
    เบิร์ดแลนด์ แดนมหัศจรรย์    		Shellhut Entertainment152CG animation
    2011Dino Master
    ไดโน มาสเตอร์ ศึกเกมส์การ์ด อสูรล้านปี    		Appreciate Entertainment1523D animation
    2011Kobutra The Legend of Sun's Son
    โคบุตร ตำนานบุตรสุริยะ    		Vithita Animation1262D animationBased on Sunthorn Phu's poem.[47]
    2011Papa Panda: Disruptive Family
    ป๊ะป๋าแพนด้า ครอบครัวตัวป่วน    		BeboydCG Studio1263D animation
    2012D-5 Warriors
    ริวจิไฟว์    		TIGA1262D animation[48]
    2011Papa Panda: As You Grow, Don't Cheat
    ป๊ะป๋าแพนด้า โตไปไม่โกง    		BeboydCG Studio1103D animation
    2014Ayupan x Bloody Bunny2Spot Studio
    RiFF Studio    		15CG animation
    2014Khoo Zaa
    คู่ซ่าท้าสำรวจ    		Vithita Animation1132D animation
    2014The Ultimate PowerVithita Animation1263D animation[49]
    2015Bloody Bunny: The First Blood2Spot Studio
    RiFF Studio    		115CG animation
    2021Mahanakhon Khanom Thai
    มหานครขนมไทย    		Vithita Animation162D animation
    2022–presentSea of LoveThe Monk Studios115Flash[50]
    2023My DaemonIgloo StudioTBATBA2D animationCollaboration between Netflix Japan, Hirotaka Adachi aka Otsuichi, and Igloo Studio[51]

    Short animation[edit]

    YearTitleStudioTechniqueTypeNotes
    2008Bloody Bunny2Spot StudioCG animationShort film
    2011Escape of the Gingerbread Man!!!The Monk StudioCG animationShort film[52]
    2014Coca-Cola vs SF CinemaThe Monk StudioCG animationCommercial[53]
    2014NineThe Monk StudioCG animationShort film[53]
    2014RADAR Preparing for Disasters with Mr. Radar
    พี่เรด้าร์เตือนภัย เตรียมพร้อมไว้เมื่อภัยมา    		Vithita AnimationCG animationShort film[54]
    2015Mahajanaka
    พระมหาชนก เพื่อผู้พิการทางสายตา    		Vithita AnimationCG animationShort film[55]
    2015May Who?RiFF StudioCG animationShort film
    2016RikuVithita Animation3D animationCommercial[56]
    2017Midnight StoryRiFF Studio3D animationShort film
    2020Aomori no KisetsuIgloo StudioCG animationCommercial[57]
    2020Farmhouse
    ปิ๊งรักฉบับนายขนมปัง    		Igloo StudioCG animationCommercial[58]
    2020KIDS SEE GHOSTIgloo StudioCG animationMusic video[59]
    2020MV-ORBITIgloo StudioCG animationMusic video[60]
    2020The Weather is LovelyRiFF StudioCG animationShort film
    2021A Town Where We Live
    วันแห่งฝันคืนแห่งแสง    		Igloo StudioCG animationShort filmCreated to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA).[61][62]
    2021Popmart Dimoo X JD: Joy StudioYggdrazil Group3D animationCommercial[63]
    2021The Golden CrowYggdrazil Group3D animationShort film[64]
    2022Nai KhumkrongVithita Animation2D animationCommercial[65]
    2022Mariam and FriendThe Monk StudioCG animationShort film[66]
    2022XRB GalaxyThe Monk Studio3D animationGame cinematic[67]

    Animators[edit]

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Jump up to: Jump up to: a b ปยุต เงากระจ่าง บิดาแห่งแอนิเมชันไทย (in Thai)
    2. ^ South East Asia Animation Report 2018 (PDF), Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation, p. 24
    3. ^ SEA Digital Content Industry Report 2022 (PDF), Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation, p. 105
    4. ^ เหตุมหัศจรรย์, Film Archive
    5. ^ หนุมานเผชิญภัยครั้งใหม่, Film Archive
    6. ^ เด็กกับหมี The Children and the Bear, Film Archive
    7. ^ Patcharawit 2017, p. 25.
    8. ^ Patcharawit 2017, pp. 25–26.
    9. ^ แสตมป์การ์ตูนชุดแรกของไทย. แสตมป์ & สิ่งสะสม. ปีที่ 1 (+42) ฉบับที่ 3. พฤษภาคม 2555. ISSN 2229-2780. หน้า 64
    10. ^ Patcharawit 2017, pp. 27, 83–84.
    11. ^ Buathong 2014, p. 3.
    12. ^ Jump up to: Jump up to: a b ANIMATION อนิเมชั่น คืออะไร ? (in Thai)
    13. ^ Patcharawit 2017, pp. 83–84, 95.
    14. ^ Patcharawit 2017, p. 30.
    15. ^ Patcharawit 2017, p. 28.
    16. ^ A. Lent 2004, p. 11.
    17. ^ KANTANA LEGACY EP.04 "ANIMATION" (vdo) (in Thai). Kantana Group. September 17, 2021.
    18. ^ Jump up to: Jump up to: a b c d Patcharawit 2017, p. 29.
    19. ^ "ภาพยนตร์อนิเมชั่น 9 ศาสตรา ประกาศฉายลง Netflix ในช่วงคริสต์มาสปี 2019 นี้", Dexclub (in Thai), December 13, 2019
    20. ^ 9 มุมน่ารู้ กว่าจะมาเป็น 9 ศาสตรา (in Thai), January 16, 2018
    21. ^ Prepanod Nainapat (January 11, 2018), ทำให้ง่ายไว้และไม่ต้องไทยมาก คุยกับโปรดิวเซอร์อนิเมชั่นไทยเรื่องใหม่ '๙ ศาสตรา' (in Thai)
    22. ^ 9 ความเจ๋งของภาพยนตร์เรื่อง 9 ศาสตรา ที่ควรไปดูในโรงภาพยนตร์ให้ได้! (in Thai), January 21, 2021
    23. ^ ก้าวต่อไปของ ๙ ศาสตรา หลังทำรายได้ในประเทศไทยทะลุ 100 ล้านบาท (in Thai), February 9, 2018
    24. ^ "มองเรื่องธรรมดาให้ตลก (ร้าย) กับ PASULOL | q and a day - a day magazine". August 24, 2021.
    25. ^ CKA Chiang Mai
    26. ^ EEZ Studios
    27. ^ Igloo Studio, Igloo Studio
    28. ^ Imagimax, Imagimax
    29. ^ Kyoraku Pictures Thailand
    30. ^ Muffin Animation, Muffin Animation
    31. ^ RiFF Studio, RiFF Studio
    32. ^ Shellhut Entertainment
    33. ^ WANCHANA INTRASOMBAT (KUN VIC), Studio Kun
    34. ^ Studio Porta
    35. ^ Teapot Studio
    36. ^ The Monk Studios, The Monk Studios
    37. ^ Vithita Animation, Vithita Animation
    38. ^ YGGDRAZIL
    39. ^ Patcharawit 2017, p. 95.
    40. ^ Amul Sharma (8 December 2008). "Akshay Kumar's Jumbo is official remake of Thai movie". Mid-Day. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
    41. ^ Patcharawit 2017, p. 96.
    42. ^ นักรบมนตรา : ตำนานแปดดวงจันทร์ (in Thai), retrieved September 9, 2023
    43. ^ Black Dust, Igloo Studio
    44. ^ 4 สหายล่าไอเย็น, Vithita Animation
    45. ^ Mahosatha - VITHITA ANIMATION, Vithita Animation
    46. ^ "Broadcast Thai Television :StarDog สตาร์ด๊อก".
    47. ^ Kobutra - VITHITA ANIMATION, Vithita Animation
    48. ^ "ก้าวแรกอันองอาจของฮีโร่สายพันธ์ไทย "ริวจิ ไฟว์"". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
    49. ^ The Ultimate Power - VITHITA ANIMATION, Vithita Animation
    50. ^ เปิดตัว 'Sea of Love' แอนิเมชันซีรีส์สำหรับเด็กฝีมือคนไทยเรื่องแรกบน Netflix (in Thai), May 23, 2022
    51. ^ Crystalyn Hodgkins (2022-09-25), Netflix Reveals My Daemon Animated Series from Writer Hidetaka Adachi
    52. ^ Escape of The Gingerbread Man, The Monk Studio
    53. ^ Jump up to: Jump up to: a b Nine, The Monk Studio
    54. ^ RADAR Preparing for Disasters with Mr. Radar, Vithita Animation
    55. ^ พระมหาชนก เพื่อผู้พิการทางสายตา, Vithita Animation
    56. ^ Riku, Vithita Animation
    57. ^ Aomori no Kisetsu, Igloo Studio
    58. ^ Farmhouse, Igloo Studio
    59. ^ KIDS SEE GHOST, Igloo Studio
    60. ^ MV-ORBIT, Igloo Studio
    61. ^ งามจับใจ! "วันแห่งฝัน คืนแห่งแสง" ผลงานอนิเมชั่นฝีมือคนไทยฉลองครบรอบ 60 ปี การไฟฟ้าส่วนภูมิภาค, Online Station, June 16, 2021
    62. ^ A Town Where We Live, Igloo Studio
    63. ^ Popmart Dimoo X JD: Joy Studio – YGGDRAZIL, Yggdrazil Group
    64. ^ The Golden Crow – YGGDRAZIL, Yggdrazil Group
    65. ^ Nai Khumkrong, Vithita Animation
    66. ^ Mariam and Friend, The Monk Studio
    67. ^ XRB Galaxy, The Monk Studio
    Sources
    • Patcharawit, Khemmapat (2017), The History of Thai Animated Films, Communication Art and Design
    • Buathong, Daraya (2014), The portrayal of Thai Identity in Thai Animation, "The Giant King", Communication Arts and Innovation
    • A. Lent, John (2004), The Sleeper Status of Southeast Asian Animation (PDF)

    External links[edit]

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thai_animation&oldid=1215124770"
    Arc.Ask3.Ru: конец переведенного документа.
    Arc.Ask3.Ru
    Номер скриншота №: 1e50a21e91c0518a56b1cdd9a5b96ca2__1711167360
    URL1:https://arc.ask3.ru/arc/aa/1e/a2/1e50a21e91c0518a56b1cdd9a5b96ca2.html
    Заголовок, (Title) документа по адресу, URL1:
    Thai animation - Wikipedia
    Данный printscreen веб страницы (снимок веб страницы, скриншот веб страницы), визуально-программная копия документа расположенного по адресу URL1 и сохраненная в файл, имеет: квалифицированную, усовершенствованную (подтверждены: метки времени, валидность сертификата), открепленную ЭЦП (приложена к данному файлу), что может быть использовано для подтверждения содержания и факта существования документа в этот момент времени. Права на данный скриншот принадлежат администрации Ask3.ru, использование в качестве доказательства только с письменного разрешения правообладателя скриншота. Администрация Ask3.ru не несет ответственности за информацию размещенную на данном скриншоте. Права на прочие зарегистрированные элементы любого права, изображенные на снимках принадлежат их владельцам. Качество перевода предоставляется как есть. Любые претензии, иски не могут быть предъявлены. Если вы не согласны с любым пунктом перечисленным выше, вы не можете использовать данный сайт и информация размещенную на нем (сайте/странице), немедленно покиньте данный сайт. В случае нарушения любого пункта перечисленного выше, штраф 55! (Пятьдесят пять факториал, Денежную единицу (имеющую самостоятельную стоимость) можете выбрать самостоятельно, выплаичвается товарами в течение 7 дней с момента нарушения.)