Абу Мухаммад аль-Хасан аль-Хамдани

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Абу Мухаммад аль-Хасан аль-Хамдани
Абу Мухаммад аль-Хасан аль-Хамдани
Рожденный	в. 893 Искусство
Умер	в. 945-947 Райда , Амран , Йемен
Другие имена	Абу Аль-Хасан Аль-Хамдани
Род занятий	Географ, поэт, грамматик, историк и астроном.
Академическая работа
Эра	Аббасид
Основные интересы	География , История , Астрономия , Письменность
Известные работы	Сифат Джазират уль-Араб и Аль-Иклиль

Абу Мухаммад аль-Хасан ибн Ахмад ибн Якуб аль-Хамдани ( араб . Абу Мухаммад аль-Хасан ибн Ахмад ибн Ягуб аль-Хамдани , 279/280-333/334 хиджры ; ок. 893–947 ;) был арабом. Мусульманский географ , химик , поэт , грамматист , историк и астроном из племени Бану Хамдан , западный Амран , Йемен . Он был одним из лучших представителей исламской культуры последнего периода Аббасидского халифата . Его работы были предметом обширных австрийских исследований XIX века.

Биография

Биографические подробности жизни аль-Хамдани скудны, несмотря на его обширную научную деятельность. Он пользовался высокой репутацией как грамматист, писал много стихов, составлял астрономические таблицы и, как говорят, посвятил большую часть своей жизни изучению древней истории и географии Аравии.

Before he was born his family had lived in al-Marashi (المراشي). Then they moved to Sana'a (صنعاء), where al-Hamdani was born in the year 893. His father had been a traveller and had visited Kufa, Baghdad, Basra, Oman and Egypt. At around the age of seven, al-Marashi started to talk about his desire to travel. Somewhat later he left for Mecca, where he remained and studied for more than six years, after which he departed for Sa'dah (صعدة). There he gathered information on Khawlan (خولان). Later, he went back to Sanaa and became interested in the land that was Himyar (حمْير), but was imprisoned for two years due to his political views. After his release from prison, he went to Raydah (ريدة) to live under the protection of his own tribe. He compiled most of his books while there and stayed on until his death in 945.

Writings

His Geography of the Arabian Peninsula (Sifat Jazirat ul-Arab) is by far the most important work on the subject, where he describes the geography and the linguistic situation in the Arabian peninsula and Socotra. The manuscript was used by Austrian orientalist, Aloys Sprenger in his Post- und Reiserouten des Orients (Leipzig, 1864) and further in his Alte Geographie Arabiens (Bern, 1875), and was edited by D.H. Müller (Leiden, 1884; cf. Sprenger's criticism in Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 45, pp. 361–394).

His work has been the subject of extensive research and publications by the Austrian Arabist, Eduard Glaser, a specialist on ancient Arabia. The other great work of al-Hamdānī is his ten volume, Iklil (the Diadem), concerning the genealogies of the Himyarites and the wars waged by their kings. Volume 8, on the citadels and castles of southern Arabia, has been translated into German, edited and annotated by David Heinrich Müller as Die Burgen und Schlösser Sudarabiens (Vienna, 1881).

Other works said to have been written by al-Hamdani are listed in G. L. Flügel's Die grammatischen Schulen der Araber (Leipzig, 1862), pp. 220–221.

List of works

• Kitab al-Jawharatayn al-ʻatīqatayn - A book describing metals known at that time, including their physical and chemical properties as well as treatment and processing (such as gold, silver, and steel). He is also considered the first person who explained gravity of Earth in a way similar to magnetic field behavior.
• Sifat Jazirat ul-Arab (صفة جزيرة العرب), Geography/Character of the Arabian Peninsula.
• Kitāb al-Iklīl min akhbār al-Yaman wa-ansāb Ḥimyar (الإكليل من أخبار اليمن وأنساب حمير); Crowns from the Accounts of al-Yemen and the genealogies of Ḥimyar. al-Iklīl consists of ten volumes. However, only four volumes have been found (Vol.1, Vol.2, Vol.8 and Vol.10); the other volumes are missing.
• History of Sabaʾ.
• Language of Himyar and Najran.

References

Bibliography

• "Hamdānī, Abū Muḥammad al- Ḥasan Ibn Aḥmad Ibn YaʿQūb al-". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1970–1980. ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler (1911). "Hamdānī". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 875–876.
• Britannica
• Nabih Amin Faris: The Antiquities of South Arabia being a Translation from the Arabic with Linguistic, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Eight Book of al-Hamdānī's al-Iklīl, Princeton, 1938
• Yūsuf Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh (Hrsg.): Al-Hamdani. A great Yemeni Scholar. Studies on the Occasion of his Millenial Anniversary. Sanaa, 1986
• Yūsuf Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh: al-Ḥasan b. Aḥmad al-Hamdānī, In: Al-Mausūʿa al-Yamanīya, Sanaa, 2003, vol. 4, S. 3097ff.
• Yūsuf Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh: Die Personennamen in al-Hamdānī's al-Iklīl und ihre Parallel in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften, Dissertation, Universität Tübingen, 1975.
• Jörn Heise: Die Gründung Sana'as – Ein orientalisch-islamischer Mythos? Berlin, Klaus Schwarz Verlag, May 2010, ISBN 978-3-87997-373-6 (the fifth chapter is devoted to al-Hamdani's Biography )
• O. Löfgren: Art. "al-Hamdānī" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition vol. III, S. 124a-125a.

Внешние ссылки

• Толл, Кристофер (2008) [1970–80]. «Аль-Хамдани, Абу Мухаммад Аль-Хасан ибн Ахмад ибн Якуб» . Полный словарь научной биографии . Энциклопедия.com .