Uruguayan Spanish

Uruguayan Spanish
Uruguayan Spanish
español uruguayo
Pronunciation	[espaˈɲol uɾuˈɣwaʝo]
Native to	Uruguay
Region	Río de la Plata
Native speakers	3,347,800, all users in Uruguay (2014); L1 users: 3,270,000 ; L2 users: 77,800
Language family	Indo-European Italic Latino-Faliscan Romance Italo-Western Western Ibero-Romance West Iberian Castilian Spanish Rioplatense Spanish Uruguayan Spanish; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Early forms	Proto-Indo-European Proto-Italic Old Latin Vulgar Latin Proto-Romance Old Spanish Early Modern Spanish; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Latin (Spanish alphabet)
Official status
Official language in	Uruguay (de facto)
Regulated by	Academia Nacional de Letras
Language codes
ISO 639-1	es
ISO 639-2	spa
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
IETF	es-UY
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Uruguayan Spanish (Spanish: Español uruguayo), a part of Rioplatense Spanish, is the variety of Spanish spoken in Uruguay and by the Uruguayan diaspora.^[3]

Influences

There is strong influence of Italian and its dialects, particularly Genovese,^[4] because of the presence of large Italian communities in the country (for example in Montevideo and Paysandú). The Uruguayan accent differs from the accents of Spain and other Spanish American countries, except for Argentina, due to Italian influence. There are many Italian words incorporated in the language (nona, cucha, fainá ("farinata, chickpea flour crêpe"), chapar, parlar, festichola ("house party"), etc.), as well as words of Italian derivation (for example: mina derived from femmina, or pibe ("child") from pivello).
In the southeastern department of Rocha, as well as along the northern border with Brazil,^[5] there is some influence of Portuguese, in addition to the Portuguese spoken in northern Uruguay.

Tuteo and voseo

The variety of Spanish used in Montevideo and the whole southern region of the country exhibits use of the voseo form of address, with the pronoun vos instead of the tú form. In other areas of the country, tú is more commonly used than vos. In some places, tú is used, but with the conjugation corresponding to vos, as in: tú tenés, instead of tú tienes (tuteo) or vos tenés (voseo). Tuteo is much more commonly used in Rocha and in some parts of Maldonado.^[6]

The formal pronoun usted is used in very formal contexts, such as when speaking to government authorities.

Vocabulary

Below are vocabulary differences between Uruguay and other Spanish-speaking countries: Argentina, Paraguay, Spain, Mexico, Costa Rica, Chile, and Puerto Rico. It shows how Spanish is different in three continents where there are Spanish-speaking countries (Europe, North America, and South America) and in different regions of those continents (Central America, Caribbean, and Southern Cone). Italian and Brazilian Portuguese have also been influential in Uruguayan Spanish and are also included. While people in Uruguay and most of Argentina speak the dialect Rioplatense, there are some notable differences in vocabulary between the two countries, which are bolded.

Selected vocabulary
American English	Uruguay	Argentina	Chile	Paraguay	Colombia	Mexico	Costa Rica	Puerto Rico	Spain	Brazil	Italy
apartment	apartamento	departamento	departamento	departamento	apartamento	departamento	apartamento	apartamento	piso	apartamento	appartamento
apricot	damasco	damasco	damasco	damasco	albaricoque	chabacano	albaricoque	albaricoque	albaricoque	damasco	albicocca
artichoke	alcaucil	alcaucil	alcachofa	alcachofa	alcachofa	alcachofa	alcachofa	alcachofa	alcachofa	alcachofra	carciofo
avocado	palta	palta	palta	aguacate	aguacate	aguacate	aguacate	aguacate	aguacate	abacate	avocado
banana	banana	banana	plátano	banana	banano	plátano	banano	guineo	plátano	banana	banana
bean	poroto	poroto	poroto	poroto	frijol	frijol	frijol	habichuela	judía/alubia	feijão	fagiolo
bell pepper	morrón	morrón	pimiento	locote	pimentón	pimiento	chile dulce	pimiento	pimiento	pimentão	peperone
bra	soutien	corpiño	sostén	corpiño	brasier	brasier	brasier	brasier	sujetador	sutiã	reggiseno
butter	manteca	manteca	mantequilla	manteca	mantequilla	mantequilla	mantequilla	mantequilla	mantequilla	manteiga	burro
car	auto	auto	auto	auto	carro	carro	carro	carro	coche	carro	macchina
clothespin	palillo	broche	pinza	pinza	gancho	pinza	prensa	pinche	pinza	prendedor	molletta
computer	computadora	computadora	computador	computadora	computador	computadora	computadora	computadora	ordenador	computador	computer
corn on the cob	choclo	choclo	choclo	choclo	mazorca	elote	elote	mazorca	mazorca	espiga de milho	pannocchia
dulce de leche^[I]	dulce de leche	dulce de leche	manjar	dulce de leche	arequipe	dulce de leche	dulce de leche	dulce de leche	dulce de leche	doce de leite	dolce di latte
earring	caravana	aro	aro	aro	arete	arete	arete	pantalla	pendiente	brinco	orecchino
grapefruit	pomelo	pomelo	pomelo	pomelo	toronja	toronja	toronja	toronja	pomelo	toranja	pompelmo
green bean	chaucha	chaucha	poroto verde	chaucha	habichuela	ejote	vainica	habichuela tierna	judía verde	vagem	fagiolino
panties	bombacha	bombacha	calzón	bombacha	calzón	calzón	calzón	panty	braga	calcinha	mutande
passion fruit	maracuyá	maracuyá	maracuyá	mburucuyá	maracuyá	maracuyá	maracuyá	parcha	maracuyá	maracujá	maracuja
pea	arveja	arveja	arveja	arveja	arveja	chícharo	guisante	guisante	guisante	ervilha	pisello
peach	durazno	durazno	durazno	durazno	durazno	durazno	melocotón	melocotón	melocotón	pêssego	pesca
peanut	maní	maní	maní	maní	maní	cacahuate	maní	maní	cacahuete	amendoim	arachide
pineapple	ananá	ananá	piña	piña	piña	piña	piña	piña	piña	abacaxi	ananas
popcorn	pop / pororó	pochoclo	cabritas	pororó	crispetas/ maíz pira	palomitas	palomitas de maíz	popcorn	palomitas	pipocas	popcorn
soft drink	refresco	gaseosa	bebida	gaseosa	gaseosa	refresco	gaseosa	refresco	refresco	refrigerante	bibita
soy	soja	soja	soya	soja	soya	soya	soya	soya	soja	soja	soia
straw^[II]	pajita	pajita	bombilla	pajita	pitillo	popote	pajilla	sorbeto	pajita	canudo	cannuccia
strawberry	frutilla	frutilla	frutilla	frutilla	fresa	fresa	fresa	fresa	fresa	morango	fragola
sweet potato	boniato	batata	camote	batata	batata	camote	camote	batata	boniato	batata doce	patata dolce
swimming pool	piscina	pileta	piscina	pileta	piscina	alberca	piscina	piscina	piscina	piscina	piscina
transit bus	ómnibus	colectivo	micro	colectivo	autobús	camión	autobús	guagua	autobús	ônibus	autobus
t-shirt	remera	remera	polera	remera	camiseta	playera	camiseta	t-shirt	camiseta	camiseta	maglietta

^ Refers to the dessert made from cow's milk.
^ Refers to the instrument used for drinking.

References

^ Spanish → Uruguay at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
^ "ISO 639-2 Language Code search". Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ "Rioplatense Spanish".
^ Meo Zilio, Giovanni (1963–64). "Genovesismos en el español rioplatense". Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica. T. 17, No. 3/4 (1963/1964) (3/4): 245–263. JSTOR 40297676.
^ D. Lincoln Canfield, Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), p. 89.
^ Weyers, Joseph R. (3 September 2014). "The Tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay: A Study of Pride and Language Maintenance". Hispania. 97 (3): 382–395. doi:10.1353/hpn.2014.0087. ISSN 2153-6414. S2CID 144945948.

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[7] Refers to the dessert made from cow's milk.

[8] Refers to the instrument used for drinking.

[1] Spanish → Uruguay at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)

[2] "ISO 639-2 Language Code search". Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 September 2017.

[3] "Rioplatense Spanish".

[4] Meo Zilio, Giovanni (1963–64). "Genovesismos en el español rioplatense". Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica. T. 17, No. 3/4 (1963/1964) (3/4): 245–263. JSTOR 40297676.

[5] D. Lincoln Canfield, Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), p. 89.

[6] Weyers, Joseph R. (3 September 2014). "The Tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay: A Study of Pride and Language Maintenance". Hispania. 97 (3): 382–395. doi:10.1353/hpn.2014.0087. ISSN 2153-6414. S2CID 144945948.

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[6]

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[II]

v t e Languages of Uruguay
Official languages	Spanish
Regional languages	Uruguayan Portuguese
Indigenous languages	Charrúa Chaná Guaraní Güenoa
Minority languages	Arabic English German Italian Lunfardo Plautdietsch Romani Yiddish
Dialects of Spanish	Rioplatense Vesre
Interlanguages	Portuñol
Sign languages	Uruguayan Sign Language
Italics indicate extinct languages

Influences

Tuteo and voseo

Vocabulary

See also

References