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Дикастер для доктрины веры

Координаты : 41 . ″ ° 54′04 с 12.45611
«Священное кабинет» перенаправляет здесь. Для мексиканского фильма 1974 года см. Священное офис (фильм) .

Дикастер для доктрины веры
Департамент веры
Герб

Дворец священного кабинета
Обзор дикастера
Сформировано 21 июля 1542 г .; 482 года назад ( 1542-07-21 )
Предшествующие агентства
  • Высшее священное собрание римской и универсальной инквизиции
  • Высшее священное собрание Священной должности
  • Собрание для доктрины веры
Тип Дикастер
Штаб -квартира Palazzo del Sant'offizio ,
Рим , Италия
Дикастерные руководители

Дикастером для доктрины веры ( DDF ) является департаментом римской курии, отвечающего за религиозную дисциплину католической церкви . Дикастер является самым старым среди департаментов римской курии . Его место - дворец Священного офиса в Риме . Он был основан для защиты католической церкви от ересь и является телом, ответственным за обнародование и защиту католической доктрины. [ 1 ]

Это учреждение было основано Папой Павлом III 21 июля 1542 года как высшее священное собрание римской и универсальной инквизиции . [ А ] Затем он был переименован в 1908 году как высшее священное собрание Священной должности . В 1965 году это стало собранием для доктрины веры (CDF; латинский : Congregatio Pro Doctrina Fidei ). С 2022 года он называется дикастером для доктрины веры. [ B ] Он до сих пор неофициально известен как Священная должность ( латынь : святилище Официал ) во многих католических странах . [ 2 ] Единственной целью дикастера является «распространять звуковую католическую доктрину и защитить те точки христианской традиции, которые кажутся в опасности из -за новых и неприемлемых доктрин». [ 1 ]

Его штаб -квартира находится во дворце Святого офиса , недалеко от Ватиканского города . В собрании используется консультативный совет , включая кардиналов , епископов , священников , мирян -богословов и юристов -канонов . 1 июля 2023 года Фрэнсис назвал архиепископа Аргентинского архиепископа Виктора Мануэля Фернандеса префектом, который занял должность в середине сентября. [ 3 ]

История

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Дополнительная информация: римская инквизиция
Астроном Галилей Галилей представил перед Священным офисом , картиной 19-го века Джозефа-Николаса Роберта-Флевери

21 июля 1542 года папа Павел III провозгласил апостольную конституцию Licet ab initio священное собрание римской и универсальной инквизиции , в котором сотрудники кардиналы в , установив высшее и другие должностные лица, чья задача заключалась Изучите и запрещайте ошибки и ложные доктрины ». Он служил последним апелляционным судом в ходе судебных разбирательств и служил важной частью контрреформации .

Это тело было переименовано в высшее священное собрание Священной должности в 1908 году Папой Пием X. Во многих католических странах тело часто не неофициально называется Священным Управлением (например, итальянский : Сантхизио и испанский : Санто Офичио ).

Имя собрания было изменено на священную общину для доктрины веры (SCDF) 7 декабря 1965 года, в конце второго Совета Ватикана . Вскоре после вступил вступления в силу Кодекс Canon of Canon в силу прилагательное «священное» было отброшено от имен всех куриных общин, [ C ] И поэтому это стало собранием для доктрины веры. В 2022 году название было изменено на Дикастер для доктрины веры .

Временная шкала

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1542 Верховное священное собрание римской и универсальной инквизиции создана [ 1 ]
1622 Папа Грегори XV пишет письмо, касающееся вопроса священников, злоупотребляющих исповеданием, чтобы запрашивать «позорное и бесчестное поведение». Письмо упоминается в Sacramentum Poenitentiae (1741).
1665 Общая конгрегация универсального инквизиции, в присутствии папы Александра VII , повторяет, что предложения исповедателей о том, чтобы запрашивать или провоцировать пол из покаяния, являются «чуждными и несоответствующими евангелической истиной и явно в шестом и седьмом доктринах «И должны быть проверены, осуждены и запрещены. [ 4 ]
1908 Инквизиция переименована в высшее священное собрание Священной должности Папой Пием X. [ 1 ]
1965 Высшее священное собрание Священной должности переименовано в священную общину для доктрины веры (SCDF). [ 5 ]
1985 Все дикасточки римской курии больше не используют прилагательное «священное» как часть своего названия. Священное собрание для доктрины веры становится собранием доктрины веры (CDF).
1988 Папа Иоанн Павел II подтверждает власть CDF 28 июня: «Правильная обязанность общины для доктрины веры состоит в том, чтобы содействовать и защищать доктрину о вере и морали во всем католическом мире; так у него есть компетенция в вещах Это касается этого вопроса в любом случае ". [ 6 ]
2001 Иоанн Павел II выпускает Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela ", по которой являются обнародованные нормы, касающиеся более серьезных деликтов, зарезервированных для собрания для доктрины веры". Это, опять же, подтверждает обязанности CDF, выражая, что необходимо было более точно определить как «более серьезные деликты, будь то против морали или совершенные в праздновании таинств», для которых остается компетенция конгрегации для доктрины веры эксклюзивные, а также специальные процедурные нормы «для объявления или введения канонических санкций». [ 7 ]
2014 11 ноября Папа Франциск устанавливает в CDF специальный орган, чтобы ускорить рассмотрение призывов священников против лайизации или других штрафов, наложенных на них в случаях сексуального насилия. [ 8 ]
2015 Фрэнсис создает церковную судебную комиссию, в которой будут свои сотрудники и секретарь, чтобы попробовать епископов, которые будут работать с другими подразделениями CDF и с собранием, которое имеет надзор за епископом. [ 9 ]
2018 Фрэнсис назначает трех женщин в качестве консультантов в собрание, первую в своей истории. [ 10 ]
2019 Папская комиссия Экклезия Деи объединяется в собрание. [ 11 ]
2022 14 февраля 2022 года Фрэнсис реорганизует CDF через слуга Motu Proprio Fidem , разделяя его на два отдела: доктринальный раздел и дисциплинарный раздел, каждый со своим собственным секретарем, подчиняющимся префекту. Ранее независимый раздел брака объединяется в доктринальный раздел. [ 12 ]
2022 5 июня 2022 года собрание для доктрины веры переименовано в дикастером для доктрины веры в рамках реструктуризации римской курии Апостольской конституцией, преувеличенной евангелием . [ 13 ] В то же время Папская комиссия по защите несовершеннолетних стала частью этого дикастера, работая со своим персоналом и в соответствии с его собственными нормами. [ 14 ]
2023 В результате 21 октября 2023 года резка папы Франциска заявила, что единственная подпись Папы «прикреплена внизу» любого документа доктринального раздела DDF, «включая те, кто предшествует этому резкости», выразил одобрение и разрешение Папы для возможной публикации указанный документ. [ 15 ]

Role

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According to the 1988 Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia, Pastor bonus, article 48, promulgated by John Paul II: "The proper duty of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is to promote and safeguard the doctrine on faith and morals in the whole Catholic world; so it has competence in things that touch this matter in any way."[6]

This includes investigations into grave delicts (i.e., acts which the Catholic Church considers as being the most serious crimes: crimes against the Eucharist and against the sanctity of the Sacrament of Penance, and crimes against the sixth Commandment ("Thou shalt not commit adultery")) committed by a cleric against a person under the age of eighteen. These crimes, in Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela a motu proprio of 2001, come under the competency of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In effect, it is the "promoter of justice" that deals with, among other things, the question of priests accused of paedophilia.[7][16][d]

Within the DDF are the International Theological Commission and the Pontifical Biblical Commission. The Prefect of the DDF is ex officio president of these commissions.[20]

On 7 December 2021, Pope Francis promulgated a new version of the "Norms on the Delicts Reserved to the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith"; the original version had been first promulgated in 2001 by John Paul II and amended in 2010 by Benedict XVI. The changes of the new version concern "harmonising the norms with the revised Book VI of the Code of Canon Law, which was promulgated in May 2021" and adding "numerous normative measures of various kinds issued in previous years, especially since 2016."[21]

Organization

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Until 1968, the pope held the title of prefect and appointed a cardinal to preside over the meetings, first as Secretary, then as Pro-Prefect.

Since 1968, the Cardinal head of the dicastery has borne the title of Prefect and the title of Secretary refers to the second highest-ranking officer of the Congregation. As of 2012 the Congregation had a membership of 18 cardinals and a smaller number of non-cardinal bishops, a staff of 38 (clerical and lay) and 26 consultors.[22]

The work of the CDF is divided into two sections, the doctrinal and the disciplinary. The CDF holds biennial plenary assemblies, and issues documents on doctrinal, disciplinary, and sacramental questions that occasionally include notifications concerning writings by Catholic theologians.[23]

Recent canonical judgments and publications

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The following is a non-exhaustive list of recent documents and judgments issued by the DDF. Lengthy DDF documents usually have Latin titles. A short document that briefly states objections to one or more writings by a Catholic theologian is typically called a "notification".

2021–present

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2011–2020

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  • Redemptorist Fr. Tony Flannery is required to sign four fidelity oaths or not return to ministry[34] (1 October 2020).
  • "Doctrinal Assessment of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious" (re-affirmed by Pope Francis on 15 April 2013)[35][36]

2001–2010

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  • Dignitas Personae (on bioethical questions, with summary and press conference transcript; 8 September 2008)
  • On 5 April 2008, as a result of "grave reservations" by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith about the Mormon practice of posthumous rebaptism, Catholic dioceses throughout the world were directed not to give information in parish registers to the Mormons' Genealogical Society of Utah for microfilming or digitizing.[37]
  • On 28 September 2007, Gaston Hebert, the then apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Little Rock, stated that (per the 11 July Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith) six Arkansas nuns were excommunicated for heresy (the first in the diocese's 165-year history). They refused to recant the doctrines of the Community of the Lady of All Nations (Army of Mary). The nuns are members of the Good Shepherd Monastery of Our Lady of Charity and Refuge in Hot Springs. Sister Mary Theresa Dionne, 82, one of the six, said they will still live at the convent property, which they own. The sect believes that its 86-year-old founder, Marie Paule Giguere, is the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary.[38]
  • In an April 2007 address to chaplains, Archbishop Amato denounced same-sex marriage and abortion and criticized the Italian media's coverage of them, saying that they are evils "that remain almost invisible" due to media presentation of them as "expression of human progress".[39]
  • "Notification on the works of the Reverend Father Jon Sobrino, SJ" (with an explanatory note; 26 November 2006)
  • "Notification regarding the book Jesus Symbol of God of the Reverend Father Roger Haight, SJ"
  • "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the collaboration of men and women in the Church and in the world" (31 May 2004)
  • "Doctrinal Note on some questions regarding the participation of Catholics in political life" (with two commentaries from Cardinals Joachim Meisner and Giacomo Biffi; 24 November 2002)[40]
  • "Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions Between Homosexual Persons" (3 June 2003)[41]
  • "Note on the Force of the Doctrinal Decrees Concerning the Thought and Work of the Reverend Father Antonio Rosmini Serbati" (1 July 2001)
  • "Notification on the book Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism by the Reverend Father Jacques Dupuis, SJ" (with commentary; 24 January 2001)

1991–2000

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  • "Notification concerning some writings of Professor Dr. Reinhard Messner" [de] (30 November 2000)
  • Dominus Iesus (Declaration on the unicity and salvific universality of Jesus Christ and the Church; with comments from Congregation officials; 6 August 2000)[42]
  • "Notification regarding Sister Jeannine Gramick, SSND, and the Reverend Father Robert Nugent, SDS"
  • "Considerations on The Primacy of the Successor of Peter in the mystery of the Church" (31 October 1998)
  • "Notification concerning the writings of the Reverend Father Anthony De Mello, SJ" (24 June 1998)
  • "Notification concerning the text Mary and Human Liberation by the Reverend Father Tissa Balasuriya, OMI" (2 January 1997)
  • "Notification on the writings and activities of Mrs. Vassula Ryden" (6 October 1995)
  • "Decree on the doctrine and customs of the Association Opus Angelorum" (6 June 1992)

1981–1990

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  • Orationis formas (Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on some aspects of Christian meditation; 15 October 1989)
  • "Note regarding the moral rule of Humanae vitae (Pope Paul VI's encyclical, On the Regulation and Control of Human Birth) and the pastoral duty" (16 February 1989)
  • "Observation of the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC) II's Salvation and the Church" (18 November 1988)
  • "Formula to be used for the profession of faith and for the oath of fidelity to assume an office to be exercised in the name of the Church" (1 July 1988)
  • Donum vitae (Instruction on respect for life in its origin and on the dignity of procreation; 22 February 1987)
  • Homosexualitatis problema (Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons; 1 October 1986)
  • "Notification on the book Pleidooi voor mensen in de Kerk (Nelissen, Baarn 1985) by the Reverend Father Professor Edward Schillebeeckx, OP" (15 September 1986)
  • "Letter to György Bulányi on certain writings attributed to him" (1 September 1986)
  • "Notification on the book Church: Charism and Power: Essay on Militant Ecclesiology by Leonardo Boff, OFM" (11 March 1985)

Leadership

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Cardinal Prefect of Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
Coat of arms of the Holy See
Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
StyleHis Eminence
Member ofRoman Curia
Reports toThe Pope
AppointerThe Pope
Term lengthFive years, renewable
Constituting instrumentLicet ab initio
Pastor bonus
Praedicate evangelium
Formation21 July 1542
First holderAntonio Michele Ghislieri

Secretaries until 1965

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When the Supreme Sacred Congregation for the Roman and Universal Inquisition was first established in 1542, it was composed of several Cardinal Inquisitors styled as "Inquisitors-General", who were formally equal to each other, even if some of them were clearly dominant (e.g. Cardinal Gian Pietro Carafa from 1542, who was elected Pope Paul IV in 1555). Until 1968 the Pope himself presided over the Congregation. However, from 1564 the daily administration of the affairs of the Congregation was entrusted to the Cardinal Secretary.[43][44]: 19–26  This model was retained when the Inquisition was formally renamed as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office in 1908.[45]

Unless stated otherwise, the term of office ended with the officeholder's death.

Name From Until Appointer
1 Antonio Michele Ghislieri
(elected as Pope Pius V; later canonized in 1712)[44]: 118  		1564 1566 Pius IV
2 Giacomo Savelli[44]: 118  31 July 1577 5 December 1587 Gregory XIII
3 Giulio Antonio Santori[44]: 118  5 December 1587 9 May 1602 Sixtus V
4 Camillo Borghese
(elected as Pope Paul V)[44]: 118  		9 June 1603 16 May 1605 Clement VIII
5 Pompeio Arrigoni[44]: 118  16 May 1605 4 April 1616 Paul V
6 Giovanni Garzia Millini 4 April 1616 2 October 1629[44]: 118 
7 Antonio Marcello Barberini 2 October 1629 1 December 1633 Urban VIII
8 Francesco Barberini 1 December 1633 10 December 1679
9 Cesare Facchinetti 10 December 1679 31 January 1683 Innocent XI
10 Alderano Cybo 31 January 1683 22 July 1700
11 Galeazzo Marescotti 22 July 1700 1 January 1716 Innocent XII
12 Fabrizio Spada 1 January 1716 15 June 1717 Clement XI
13 Nicolò Acciaioli 15 June 1717 23 February 1719
14 Francesco del Giudice 25 February 1719 10 October 1725
15 Fabrizio Paolucci 10 October 1725 12 June 1726 Benedict XIII
16 Pietro Ottoboni 14 June 1726 29 February 1740
17 Tommaso Ruffo 29 August 1740 16 February 1753 Benedict XIV
18 Neri Maria Corsini 26 February 1753 6 December 1770
19 Giovanni Francesco Stoppani 12 December 1770 18 November 1774 Clement XIV
20 Luigi Maria Torregiani 22 February 1775 6 January 1777 Pius VI
21 Carlo Rezzonico 17 January 1777 26 January 1799
22 Leonardo Antonelli 8 November 1800 23 January 1811 Pius VII
23 Giulio Maria della Somaglia 20 May 1814 2 April 1830
24 Bartolomeo Pacca 5 April 1830 19 April 1844 Pius VIII
25 Vincenzo Macchi 25 April 1844 30 September 1860 Gregory XVI
26 Costantino Patrizi Naro 10 October 1860 17 December 1876 Pius IX
27 Prospero Caterini 21 December 1876 28 October 1881
28 Antonio Maria Panebianco 30 March 1882 25 January 1883 Leo XIII
29 Luigi Maria Bilio, CRSP 25 January 1883 30 January 1884
30 Raffaele Monaco La Valletta 15 February 1884 14 July 1896
31 Lucido Maria Parocchi 5 August 1896 15 January 1903
32 Serafino Vannutelli 16 January 1903 30 December 1908[e]
33 Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro 30 December 1908 16 December 1913 Pius X
34 Domenico Ferrata 3 January 1914 10 October 1914
35 Rafael Merry del Val
(cause for canonization opened in 1953; titled Servant of God accordingly) 		14 October 1914 26 February 1930 Benedict XV
36 Donato Sbarretti 4 July 1930 1 April 1939 Pius XI
37 Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani 30 April 1939 13 January 1951
38 Giuseppe Pizzardo 16 February 1951 12 October 1959 Pius XII
39 Alfredo Ottaviani 7 November 1959 7 December 1965 John XXIII

Prefects since 1965

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When Pope Paul VI changed the name of the dicastery on 7 December 1965, he changed the title of the cardinal in charge of the daily administration of the Congregation from Secretary to Pro-Prefect. He continued to reserve the title of Prefect to himself[46] until 1968 when he relinquished his role as head of the Congregation and named a Prefect.[47]

No. Name From Until Appointer
1 Alfredo Ottaviani
Pro-Prefect[f]
(1890–1979) 		7 December 1965 6 January 1968 Paul VI
2 Franjo Šeper
(1905–1981) 		8 January 1968[g] 25 November 1981
3 Joseph Ratzinger
(elected as Pope Benedict XVI)
(1927–2022) 		25 November 1981 2 April 2005[h] John Paul II
4 William Levada
(1936–2019) 		13 May 2005 2 July 2012 Benedict XVI
5 Gerhard Ludwig Müller
(b. 1947) 		2 July 2012 2 July 2017[48][49]
6 Luis Ladaria Ferrer, SJ
(b. 1944) 		2 July 2017[48][49] 1 July 2023[50] Francis
7 Víctor Manuel Fernández
(b. 1962) 		1 July 2023 Incumbent

Secretaries since 1965

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With the December 1965 reorganization of the Holy Office as the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the head of the Congregation was no longer titled Secretary. The dicastery's second-in-command, until then titled assessor, was then given the title of Secretary, as was already the case with the other Roman Congregations. All but the most recent have been made archbishops upon their appointment. The following have held the title of Secretary:

Present composition

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The names "Roman Inquisition" or "Holy Inquisition" arose from this name, terms later popularly used in reference to the 16th-century tribunals against heresy.
  2. ^ Pope Francis reorganized the Curia with his apostolic constitution on the Roman Curia, titled Praedicate evangelium ("Preach the gospel"), which took effect on 5 June 2022.
  3. ^ It remained in use throughout 1984, as can be seen in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis of that year, but no longer appeared in the 1985 issues of that official bulletin of the Holy See.
  4. ^ The revision of Norms concerning the more grave delicts reserved to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith currently in force is the revision approved by Benedict XVI in 2010.[17][18][19]
  5. ^ Resigned.
  6. ^ Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, previously Secretary, continued to head the Congregation when it was renamed on 7 December 1965, and his title of Pro-Prefect was confirmed on 8 February 1966. Upon his retirement he was termed Prefect emeritus of the Congregation, and not Pro-Prefect emeritus.
  7. ^ Since the appointment of Šeper in 1968, the head of the dicastery has the title of Prefect. The Pope no longer holds the office of Prefect of the CDF himself.[47]
  8. ^ Death of Pope John Paul II

References

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  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith - Profile". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  2. ^ "Definition of HOLY OFFICE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  3. ^ Bulletin of the Holy See Press Office (in Italian), 2023, retrieved 1 July 2023
  4. ^ Benedict XIV (1 June 1741). "Sacramentum poenitentiae" (PDF). richardsipe.com (in Latin and English). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2012. Includes English translation by unknown.
  5. ^ "Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith - Profile". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b John Paul II (28 June 1988). "Pastor bonus". vatican.va. Articles 48–55. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b John Paul II (30 April 2001). "Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela". vatican.va. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  8. ^ Wooden, Cindy (11 November 2014). "Pope sets up new body to speed handling of sex abuse appeals". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017.
  9. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta; Goodstein, Laurie (10 June 2015). "Pope creates tribunal for bishop negligence in child sexual abuse cases". The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  10. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (21 April 2018). "Pope Francis appoints three women as consultants to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith". America. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  11. ^ "Lettera Apostolica in forma di Motu proprio circa la Pontificia Commissione "Ecclesia Dei"". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  12. ^ Allen, Elise Ann (14 February 2022). "Pope restructures Vatican doctrinal office". Crux. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  13. ^ Pope Francis. "Praedicate Evangelium, sulla Curia Romana e il suo servizio alla Chiesa nel Mondo (19 marzo 2022)". Dicastero per la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Article 69. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  14. ^ Pope Francis. "Praedicate Evangelium, sulla Curia Romana e il suo servizio alla Chiesa nel Mondo (19 marzo 2022)". Dicastero per la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Article 78. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  15. ^ "Rescriptum ex Audientia S.Smi die 21 octobris 2023". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
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