RAF Wittering
RAF Wittering  | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wittering , Cambridgeshire в Англии | |||||||
 Главный вход и Bae Harrier Gr7a Gate Guardian | |||||||
 Strength is Freedom[1] | |||||||
  RAF Wittering Shown within Cambridgeshire | |||||||
| Coordinates | 52°36′45″N 000°28′35″W / 52.61250°N 0.47639°W | ||||||
| Type | Air combat support station | ||||||
| Area | 449 hectares | ||||||
| Site information | |||||||
| Owner | Ministry of Defence | ||||||
| Operator | Royal Air Force | ||||||
| Controlled by | No. 2 Group (Air Combat Support) | ||||||
| Condition | Operational | ||||||
| Website | www | ||||||
| Site history | |||||||
| Built | 5 May 1916 | ||||||
| In use | 1916 – present | ||||||
| Garrison information | |||||||
| Current commander | Wing Commander Nicola Duncan | ||||||
| Occupants |
| ||||||
| Airfield information | |||||||
| Identifiers | ICAO: EGXT, WMO: 03462 | ||||||
| Elevation | 83.3 metres (273 ft) AMSL | ||||||
| |||||||
| Source: RAF Wittering Defence Aerodrome Manual[2] | |||||||
Королевские военно -воздушные силы или более простые RAF Wittering ( ICAO : EGXT ) - это Королевской ВВС станция в районе унитарной власти в Питерборо , Кембриджшир и районе унитарной власти в Северном Нортгемптоншире . Хотя Стэмфорд в Линкольншире является ближайшим городом, взлетно -посадочные полосы RAF Wittering пересекают границу между Кембриджширом и Нортгемптонширом .
История
[ редактировать ]Первая мировая война
[ редактировать ]Использование Виттеринг в качестве военного аэродрома восходит к 5 мая 1916 года, когда он начался как RFC Stamford. Аэродром был первоначально создан для полета эскадрильи № 38 (защита домов) . [ 3 ] Как и другие эскадрильи по дому в то время, когда они использовались для тренировок в течение дня и для противовоздушной обороны ночью. Из оперативной декларации рейса в декабре 1916 года до его развертывания во Франции в ноябре 1917 года его BE2C , Re7s и Fe2BS были вовлечены в анти- Zeppelin . патрулирование [4]
The station's training role expanded when it became the Royal Flying Corps's No.1 Training Depot Station in 1917.[5] The neighbouring airfield, RFC Easton on the Hill, also dates back to 1916 and it became No. 5 Training Depot Station in 1917.[5] Following the formation of the Royal Air Force, Easton on the Hill became RAF Collyweston on 1 April 1918.[5] Stamford was retitled RAF Wittering on 10 April 1918.[5]
Interwar period
[edit]Flying Training
[edit]RAF Wittering officially reopened in 1924 following an Air Defence Review in 1923. A significant amount of development took place to re-open the station including four new accommodation blocks for airmen, a corporals and airmen's institute, a Senior Non-Commissioned Officers' Mess, the Officers' Mess,[note 1] and a new guardroom. The station retained two aircraft hangars from 1917 and an aircraft repair shed. The Central Flying School was at Wittering from 1926 until 1935 being replaced by No. 11 Flying Training School until 1938.[6]
Preparation for War – Fighter Command
[edit]In April 1938, the station became a Fighter Command station within No 12 Group. This conversion required another expansion with more land being purchased to the south and east of the station which closed the Stamford to Oundle road.[note 2] Further airmen's accommodation, airmen's mess, technical accommodation and station headquarters were constructed as was a sector control room to control fighter squadrons and anti-aircraft gun batteries within 12 Group's 'K' Sector. The airfield was enhanced with the construction of three new Type C (1934 variant) hangars.[7][8]
Second World War
[edit]
During the Second World War, the station was very active during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz in 1940–41 in No. 12 Group[9] (controlled from RAF Watnall in Nottingham) as it was the main fighter station for a lot of the southern East Midlands, and fighters from the station would often patrol as far as Birmingham. During the Battle of Britain many squadrons were rotated through Wittering to spells in the south of England with No. 11 Group that was bearing the brunt of the battle. With many of the Luftwaffe raids during the Blitz taking part at night, Wittering-based squadrons were instrumental in the development of night combat techniques. These included the use of the Turbinlite aircraft which replaced the nose with a powerful searchlight insulated in the nose of Havocs and Bostons. In April 1943 No. 141 Squadron were moved in, operating de Havilland Mosquitoes.[10] 1943 also saw the station host 2 USAAF squadrons, albeit temporarily: 63 Fighter Squadron USAAF with its P47s operated from Wittering between January and March before moving to RAF Horsham St Faith; 55 Fighter Squadron operated its P38s and P51s from Wittering between August and March 1944 before moving to nearby RAF Kingscliffe.[11]
Emergency landing ground K3 was renamed as Collyweston Landing Ground in 1940 with the construction of some blister hangars, a perimeter track and some dispersals, although the next main fighter station further north was RAF Coleby Grange. Embry in Mission Completed states that in 1940 (the station's official history indicates that this was actually in 1941[12]), while used by 25 squadron, equipped with Beaufighter night fighters, the runway was extended from 1,400 yards to 3 miles long to reduce landing accidents at night and in bad weather.[5]
The Station's innovative role continued and developed throughout the war. It became the home of both fighter and gunnery research and development units working with new equipment and techniques. In addition, No. 1426 (Captured Enemy Aircraft) Flight (colloquially known as the RAFwaffe) was based at Collyweston Landing Ground with its wide range of captured Luftwaffe aircraft both evaluating their performance and touring allied bases. In January 1945, the captured enemy aircraft were removed.[13]
During the war, the airfield was bombed five times, with seventeen people being killed on 14 March 1941. Aircraft from the station downed 151 Luftwaffe aeroplanes and 89 V-1 flying bombs. Hugh Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Putney served at the station, as did Andrew Humphrey (later Chief of the Defence Staff from 1976 to 1977, who flew Supermarine Spitfires with 266 Squadron).[14]
Post-war use
[edit]
Bomber Command
[edit]Immediately after the war RAF Wittering, once again, transferred back to Fighter Command in 1946 providing a home to a variety of squadrons operating Spitfires, Mosquitos and Hornets. In 1948, the Station transferred back to Training Command for 2 years before Maintenance Command took responsibility to undertake some significant redevelopment between 1950 and 1952 as the Cold War saw RAF Wittering become a vital part of the United Kingdom's strategic nuclear deterrent under the control of Bomber Command in 1953.[15]
The current airfield was created by the merging of RAF Wittering and nearby Collyweston Relief Landing Ground, by the construction of a 1.7-mile runway between them in 1941. Conversion to a Bomber airfield saw the construction of a new concrete runway (slightly to the south of the 1941 runway), taxiways and dispersals (with further H-dispersals and QRA dispersals being added later) that still form the majority of the Station's aircraft operating surfaces. A wide-span Gaydon hangar for the Canberra B2 bombers was constructed along with a new control tower, avionics building and nuclear storage and maintenance facilities.[16]
In its new guise as a bomber station, RAF Wittering initially operated Avro Lincolns from 1953 although these were replaced by English Electric Canberras later that year.[15] The first British operational atomic bomb, the Blue Danube, was deployed to RAF Wittering in November 1953.[15] The first V-bombers (the Vickers Valiant, the Handley Page Victor and the Avro Vulcan) were delivered in July 1955. In 1957–58 tests were carried out on the first British hydrogen bomb. This was fitted into the existing Blue Danube casing, and four Valiant bombers flew out of Wittering to Christmas Island in the Pacific, one of them dropping the first device on 15 May 1957 on Operation Grapple.[17]
Until January 1969 two squadrons (100 and 139) of Victor B.2 bombers equipped with Blue Steel stand-off missiles were part of the QRA (Quick Reaction Alert) force of the RAF. Two nuclear armed aircraft were permanently on 15 minutes readiness to take off. They were parked within 100 m (110 yd) of the westerly runway threshold. In times of higher tension, four bombers could be stationed beside the runway on the ORP (Operational Readiness Platform). If the aircraft were manned they could all be airborne within 30 seconds, a feat often demonstrated at V force stations across the country. Since the incoming missile warning from the RAF Fylingdales BMEWS array was only four minutes before impact this ensured if the country came under attack, the bombers would be scrambled and able to retaliate.[18]
In 1968, the base became part of Strike Command. From October 1972 until August 1976, there were two squadrons flying the Hawker Hunter No. 45 Squadron[19] initially and then 58 Squadron as well.[19]
Harriers
[edit]
From 1968 the station was known as the Home of the Harrier: the first Harriers arrived for No. 1(Fighter) Squadron in August 1969.[20]
In May 1971, four aircraft from 1(F) Sqn operated from HMS Ark Royal, the first time the Harrier had operated from an aircraft carrier, under Wing Commander (later Sir) Kenneth Hayr, later killed at the Biggin Hill airshow on 2 June 2001.[21]
In 1982, six Harrier GR3 aircraft were taken down to the Falklands on SS Atlantic Conveyor,[22] and survived the Exocet attack, later to board HMS Hermes in May 1982. In June 1982, 12 GR3 aircraft were flown from Wittering, via RAF Ascension Island and mid-air refuelling with Victor tankers, on an 8,000-mile journey to the Falklands in 17 hours, which set an RAF record. The Harriers were from 1(F) Sqn. On 27 May 1982, Sqn Ldr (later Gp Capt) Bob Iveson was hit by anti-aircraft fire from GADA 601's 35mm cannon, and he ejected seconds before his aircraft exploded in mid-air near Goose Green. He evaded capture for two and a half days before being rescued by helicopter.[23]
The Queen visited the station in June 1982 as part of the RAF Regiment's 40th anniversary celebrations.[24]
During January 1992, a new station museum opened in the original station church, which was built in 1944.[25]
It was announced in December 2009 that RAF Wittering was to become the sole operational base for the Harriers of Joint Force Harrier after the announcement that RAF Cottesmore was to close. However, as a result of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the Harrier fleet was withdrawn in December 2010.[26]
In March 2019, the Ministry of Defence indicated that RAF Wittering, alongside RAF Waddington and RAF Leeming, was being considered as the future home of the RAF Aerobatic Team the Red Arrows.[27] In May 2020 however it was confirmed that the team would move to Waddington.[28]
Role and operations
[edit]In 2016 the Ministry of Defence confirmed that the Station would be one of the RAF's 'well found centres of specialisation for' 'Support Enablers' along with RAF Leeming.[29]
Command
[edit]The station is part of No 2 Group.[30] The station commander of RAF Wittering is currently Wing Commander Jeremy Case who assumed command from Group Captain Jo Lincoln on 10 June 2021.[31] The station's honorary air commodore is Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Edinburgh.[32][33]
Royal Air Force Engineering and Logistics Support Enablers
[edit]The station is the home of the RAF Support Force (the Royal Air Force's engineering and logistic Air Combat Service Support Units (ACSSUs)).[34]
Flying Training
[edit]
Previously the home of No 1 Training Depot Station (at Stamford aerodrome) and No 5 Training Depot Station (at Easton on the Hill aerodrome) of the Royal Flying Corps during World War 1 and then the Royal Air Force's Central Flying School and No. 11 Flying Training School between the World Wars. RAF Wittering's return to flying training was marked on 4 February 2015 with the arrival of Cambridge University Air Squadron and the University of London Air Squadron.[35] RAF Wittering is also the birthplace of the Royal Air Force Gliding & Soaring Association's Four Counties Gliding Club.[36]
Royal Engineers
[edit]In November 2011 the Ministry of Defence announced that 44 Service personnel from HQ 12 (Air Support) Engineer Group, part of the Royal Engineers, would move from Waterbeach Barracks to RAF Wittering in 2012–13.[37]
Based units
[edit]Flying and notable non-flying units based at RAF Wittering.[38][39][40]
Royal Air Force[edit]No. 2 Group (Air Combat Support) RAF
|
British Army[edit]
|
Units
[edit]| Dates | Unit | Aircraft | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1916–17 | 'A' Flight No 38 (Home Defence) Squadron | BE2c; RE7; FE2b | Stamford |
| 1917–19 | No 1 Training Depot Station | Bristol F2b; Avro 4504K | Stamford/Wittering |
| 1917–19 | United States Detachment Elementary Flying School and 831st Aeroplane Repair Squadron | DH6; Curtiss JN | Stamford/Wittering |
| 1917–19 | No 5 Training Depot Station | Snipe, Camel, Scout, RE8, DH9, DH9a | Easton on the Hill/ Collyweston |
| 1917–19 | United States Aeroplane Repair Squadron | Easton on the Hill/ Collyweston | |
| 1919–24 | Care and Maintenance | ||
| 1924–35 | Central Flying School | Avro 504K; Bristol Fighter; Snipe; Grebe; Gamecock; Siskin; Lynx; Hawker Tomfit; Hawker Hart; Bristol Bulldog; Fairy IIIF; Armstrong Whitworth Atlas; Vickers Victoria | |
| 1935–38 | No 11 Flying Training School | Tutor; Hart; Audux; Gauntlet; Fury | |
| 1938–40 | No 23 Squadron | Demon; Blenheim NF1 | |
| 1938–40 | No 213 Squadron | Gauntlet II; Hurricane I | |
| 1938–40 | No 610 Squadron | Spitfire I | |
| 1940 | No 1 Squadron | Hurricane I | |
| 1940 | No 32 Squadron | Hurricane I | |
| 1940 | No 229 Squadron | Hurricane I | |
| 1940 | No 74 Squadron | Spitfire XII | |
| 1940–42 | No 25 Squadron | Beaufighter 1F | |
| 1940–43 | No 151 Squadron | Hurricane Iic; Defiant I & II; Mosquito NFII | |
| 1940–42 | No 266 Squadron | Spitfire I, IIa, IIb, & Vb | |
| 1941–42 | No 1453 Flight | Havoc (Turbinlite); Boston | |
| 1942–43 | No 532 Squadron | Havoc I (Turbinlite); Boston III; Hurricane IIb & IIc | From No 1453 Flight |
| 1942–43 | No 1529 Beam Approach Training (BAT) Flight | Magister | |
| 1942–43 | No 485 Squadron | Spitfire Vb | New Zealand |
| 1942–43 | No 486 Squadron | Hurricane IIb | New Zealand |
| 1942–43 | No 616 Squadron | Spitfire IIb & Vb | |
| 1942–43 | No 1530 BAT Flight | Airspeed Oxford | |
| 1943 | No 141 Squadron | Beaufighter VIF; Mosquito II | |
| 1943 | 63d Fighter Squadron USAAF | P47 Thunderbolt | |
| 1943–44 | 55th Fighter Squadron USAAF | P38 Lightning; P51 Mustang | Walcot Hall |
| 1943 | No 118 Squadron | Spitfire Vb | |
| 1943–45 | No 1426 (Captured Enemy Aircraft) Flight | Various German aircraft | |
| 1943–44 | Air Fighting Development Unit
Naval Air Fighting Development Unit |
Various | |
| 1943 | No 91 Squadron | Spitfire XII | |
| 1943–44 | No 438 Squadron RCAF | Hurricane IV | From No 118 Squadron |
| 1944 | Gunnery Research Unit | Various | |
| 1944 | No 658 Squadron | Auster AOP III & IV | |
| 1944 | Fighter Interception Unit
Night Fighter Interception Unit |
Mosquito; Typhoon; Beaufighter | |
| 1944–45 | Central Fighter Establishment | Various | |
| 1945 | No 68 Squadron | Mosquito XVII, XIX & XXX | |
| 1945 | Nos 109 & 110 Personnel Reception Centres | ||
| 1946 | No 219 Squadron | Mosquito NF30 | |
| 1946–47 | No 19 Squadron | Spitfire F21; Hornet I | |
| 1946–47 | No 23 Squadron | Mosquito NF30 | |
| 1946–47 | No 41 Squadron | Spitfire F21; Hornet | |
| 1946–47 | No 141 Squadron | Mosquito NF36 | |
| 1947–48 | No 264 Squadron | Mosquito NF36 | |
| 1948–50 | No 1 Initial Training School | ||
| 1948–50 | No 23 Group School of Instructional Technique | ||
| 1950–52 | Airfield Reconstruction | ||
| 1952–53 | Central Servicing Development Establishment | ||
| 1953–68 | Bomber Command Armament School | ||
| 1953–54 | No 49 Squadron | Lincoln B2 | |
| 1953–55 | No 61 Squadron | Lincoln B2; Canberra B2 | |
| 1953–59 | No 100 Squadron | Lincoln B2; Canberra B2, B6, PR7, & B(I)8 | |
| 1954–56 | No 40 Squadron | Canberra B2 | |
| 1954–55 | No 76 Squadron | Canberra B2 | |
| 1954–60 | Bomber Command Development Unit | Canberra; Valiant B1 | |
| 1954–55 | No 1321 Flight | Valiant B1 | |
| 1955–62 | No 138 Squadron | Valiant B1, B(PR)1, & B(PR)K1 | |
| 1956–61 | No 49 Squadron | Valiant B1, B(PR)1, & B(K)1 | |
| 1961–62 | No 7 Squadron | Valiant B(K)1 & B(PR)K1 | |
| 1957–71 | Bombing and Navigation Systems Development Squadron | ||
| 1962–68 | No 100 Squadron | Victor B2 | Blue Steel |
| 1963–68 | No 139 Squadron | Victor B2 | Blue Steel |
| 1968–71 | Strike Command Armament School | ||
| 1969–71 | No 230 Squadron | Whirlwind HC10 | |
| 1969–82 | No 51 Squadron RAF Regiment | ||
| 1969–70 | Harrier Conversion Unit | Harrier GR1, Hunter FGA9 | |
| 1969–2000 | No 1 (Fighter) Squadron | Harrier GR1, GR3, GR5, & GR7 | |
| 1969–83 | No 15 Squadron RAF Regiment | ||
| 1970–82 | Headquarters No 5 Wing RAF Regiment | ||
| 1970–92 | No 233 Operational Conversion Unit | Harrier GR1, T2, GR3, T4, & GR5 | From Harrier Conversion Unit |
| 1970 | No IV (Army Cooperation) Squadron | Hunter FGA9, Harrier GR1 | |
| 1971–2000 | RAF Armament Support Unit | ||
| 1972–76 | No 45 Squadron | Hunter FGA9 | |
| 1973–76 | No 58 (Reserve) Squadron | Hunter FGA9 | |
| 1992–2010 | No 20 (Reserve) Squadron | Harrier GR7, GR9, & T10 | From 233 Operational Conversion Unit |
| 1995–2020 | No 5131 (Bomb Disposal) Squadron | ||
| 1999–2004 | No 1 Tactical Service to Operate Headquarters | ||
| 2001–06 | No. 37 Squadron RAF Regiment | ||
| 2004–15 | Headquarters No 1 RAF Force Protection Wing | From No 1 Tactical Survive to Operate Headquarters | |
| 2006– | Headquarters No 85 (Expeditionary Logistics) Wing | ||
| 2006– | No 5001 Squadron | Expeditionary Airfield Facilities | |
| 2006– | No 2 Mechanical Transport Squadron | ||
| 2006-7 | Mobile Catering Support Unit | ||
| 2006 | RAF Armament Support Unit | ||
| 2007–15 | No 3 Squadron RAF Regiment | ||
| 2007– | Headquarters No 42 (Expeditionary Support) Wing | ||
| 2007– | No 1 Expeditionary Logistics Squadron | ||
| 2007– | No 3 Mobile Catering Squadron | From Mobile Catering Support Unit | |
| 2010–11 | No IV (Reserve) Squadron | Harrier GR9 & T10 | From No 20 (Reserve) Squadron |
| 2012– | No 504 (County of Nottingham) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force | ||
| 2012– | Headquarters 20 Works Group Royal Engineers | ||
| 2013– | Headquarters 12 Engineer Group | ||
| 2013–14 | Headquarters Joint Force Support (Afghanistan) 16 | ||
| 2015– | No 16 Squadron | Tutor T1 | |
| 2015– | No 115 Squadron | Tutor T1 | |
| 2015– | Cambridge University Air Squadron | Tutor T1 | Includes No 5 Air Experience Flight |
| 2015– | University of London Air Squadron | Tutor T1 |
Командиры станции
[ редактировать ]Командиры станции были:
- Капитан группы Дадли Рэдфорд 1948
- Капитан группы Джон Вудрофф 1955-57
- Капитан группы сэр Алан Боксер 1958-9
- Капитан группы Леонард Трент 1959–62
- Капитан группы Джон Лоуренс 1962-4
- Капитан группы Пол Мэллори 1964-9
- Капитан группы Питер Уильямсон 1969–70
- Капитан группы Алан Мерриман 1970-2
- Группа капитан им Kepple 1972-
- Капитан группы Лоуренс Джонс 1975-6
- Капитан группы Дэвид Брук 1976-8
- Капитан группы AG Bridges 1978–1981
- Капитан группы П. Кинг 1981–1983
- Капитан группы Питер Додворт март 1983–1985 гг.
- Капитан группы Питер Миллар , февраль 1985–1986 гг.
- Капитан группы Джон Фейси 1986-8
- Капитан группы Джон Томпсон 1988–1990 гг.
- Капитан группы Сид Моррис 1990–1992 гг.
- Капитан группы PW Day AFC 1992–1995
- Капитан группы Дж. Коннолли 1995-7
- Капитан группы Крис Моран 1997-9
- Капитан группы Дэвид Хавард 1998 [ Примечание 3 ] [ 41 ]
- Капитан группы Андре Дезони 1999–2001 гг.
- Капитан группы A Kirkpatrick 2001-3
486 SQN ( RNZAF ) ураган в 1942 году - Капитан группы M Jenkins 2003-5
- Капитан группы Эшли Стивенсон 2005 - ноябрь 2006 г.
- Капитан группы Ровена Атертон , ноябрь 2006 г. - июнь 2008 г.
- Капитан группы Пол Хиггинс июнь 2008 г. - декабрь 2009 г.
- Капитан группы Ричард Найтон декабрь 2009 - июнь 2011 г.
- Капитан группы Ричард Хилл июнь 2011 г. - июнь 2013 г.
- Капитан группы Дамиан Александр, июнь 2013 г. - июнь 2015 г.
- Капитан группы Ричард Пратли, июнь 2015 г. - июнь 2017 г.
- Капитан группы Тони Килинг, июнь 2017 г. - август 2019 г.
- Капитан группы Джо Линкольн август 2019 - июнь 2021 г.
- Командир крыла Джереми Дело в июне 2021 г. - февраль 2023 г.
- Командир крыла Никола Дункан февраль 2023 г. -
Свободы
[ редактировать ]RAF Wittering получил свободу нескольких мест на протяжении всей своей истории; К ним относятся:
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Примечания
[ редактировать ]- ^ «Беспорядок офицеров станции - один из них, который предшествует беспорядку офицеров колледжа» в Cranwell
- ^ «Дорога от южной границы станции до дороги A47 называется« Старая дорога ундл »
- ^ Капитан группы Хавард был назван новым командиром станции в RAF Wittering в декабре 1998 года. Через неделю, 18 декабря 1998 года, его самолет Harrier разбился недалеко от замка Барнард в графстве Дарем. GP Capt Haward умер на месте происшествия.
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Pine, LG (1983). Словарь девиц (1 изд.). Лондон: Routledge & Kegan Paul. п. 222 ISBN 0-7100-9339-X .
- ^ «Руководство RAF Witters Defense Aerodrome (DAM)» (PDF) . RAF Wittering . Управление военной авиации. 1 октября 2015 года . Получено 27 августа 2017 года .
- ^ Jefford 1988 , p. 37
- ^ "RAF Collyweston" . Колистовое Историческое и Сохранение Общества . Получено 5 октября 2022 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и "RAF Collyweston" . Историческое общество Collyweston . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ «Летающие эскадрильи возвращаются в Королевские ВВС -Вводы» . Британские службы переселения. 5 февраля 2015 года . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ «Ангары Второй мировой войны - руководство по идентификации ангара» (PDF) . Министерство обороны. 2002. Архивировано из оригинала (PDF) 11 февраля 2014 года . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ Birtles 2012 , p. 74
- ^ Falconer 2013 , p. 215
- ^ Jefford 1988 , p. 60
- ^ «Библиотека: бюллетень 55 -я истребительская эскадрилья» . 20th Fighter Wing Public Shows. 10 июля 2009 г. Архивировано с оригинала 26 сентября 2015 года . Получено 26 декабря 2017 года .
- ^ Lloyd et al. 2016 , с. 20
- ^ Гослинг, Питер (1 февраля 2003 г.). "Рафваффе" . Flight Journal. Архивировано из оригинала 22 марта 2006 года . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ «Маршал RAF сэр Эндрю Хамфри» . Оксфордский словарь национальной биографии . Получено 6 июня 2012 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Birtles 2012 , с. 75
- ^ Историческая Англия . «Гейдон Ангар в RAF Wittering (1402766)» . Список национального наследия для Англии .
- ^ Oulton 1987 , p. 223
- ^ «Победители при быстрой реакции» . Британия на войне . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Jefford 1988 , p. 43
- ^ Jefford 1988 , p. 23
- ^ «Май 2001 г. авария» . BBC News . 3 июня 2001 года . Получено 7 июля 2013 года .
- ^ «1 эскадрилья в Фолклендах» . Raf.mod.uk. 27 января 2012 года . Получено 7 июля 2013 года .
- ^ «Британский пилот спасен за вражескими линиями» . Нью -Йорк Таймс . 31 мая 1982 года . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ «Визит королевы в RAF Wittering» . Императорский военный музей . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ Март 1993 г. , с. 85
- ^ «Последняя поездка для одного из знаковых самолетов Великобритании» . BBC News . 15 декабря 2010 г. Получено 15 декабря 2010 года .
- ^ «Три варианта для новой базы красных стрел» . BBC News . 18 марта 2019 года . Получено 19 марта 2019 года .
- ^ «Красные стрелы перемещаются в RAF Waddington из RAF Scampton» . BBC News . 18 мая 2020 года . Получено 19 мая 2020 года .
- ^ «Мод Better Defense Estate» (PDF) .
- ^ "№ 2 группа" . www.raf.mod.uk. Получено 21 июля 2022 года .
- ^ «Новая командир станции в Королевских ВВС -Вертингах» . www.raf.mod.uk. Получено 21 июля 2022 года .
- ^ Emma.goodey (4 ноября 2015 г.). «Герцогиня Эдинбург» . Королевская семья . Получено 30 ноября 2016 года .
- ^ «Почетный воздушный коммодор посещает Wittering | Wittering View Online - RAF Wittering» . www.witteringviewonline.co.uk . Получено 30 ноября 2016 года .
- ^ "№ 2 группа" . Королевские ВВС . Получено 14 мая 2023 года .
- ^ «Летающие эскадрильи возвращаются в RAF Wittering» . raf.mod.uk/rafwittering . Королевские воздушные силы . Получено 3 ноября 2015 года .
- ^ "RAF Wittering" . Четыре округа Glinding Club . Получено 7 июля 2019 года .
- ^ «Первый транш армейского подразделения подтвердил» . Министерство обороны . Получено 10 ноября 2011 года .
- ^ «RAF Wittering - кто здесь базируется» . Королевские ВВС . Получено 28 апреля 2023 года .
- ^ «История инженерной поддержки воздуха: 20 Works Group Re (Air Support)» (PDF) . Британская армия . п. 13. Архивировано из оригинала (PDF) 30 декабря 2016 года . Получено 28 апреля 2023 года .
- ^ «Введение в ... 20 рабочих групп королевских инженеров» (PDF) . Взгляд . Lance Publishing Ltd.: 18 весна 2015.
- ^ «Следствие: аварийный пилот потерял контроль» . Питерборо сегодня . 13 декабря 2001 г. Получено 25 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «Видео: Свобода городского парада - это« отличный побег »для 100 -летия RAF Wittering» . www.peterboroudyday.co.uk .
Источники
[ редактировать ]- Birtles, P. (2012). Британские аэродромы холодной войны . Midland Publishing. ISBN 978-1857803464 .
- Falconer, J. (2013). Airfields RAF 26 мировой войны . Crecy. ISBN 978-1857803495 .
- Джеффорд, CG (1988). РАФ -эскадрильи, всесторонняя запись движения и оборудования всех эскадрильи RAF и их предшественников с 1912 года (1 -е изд.). Шрусбери, Шропшир: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 978-1853100536 .
- Ллойд, Ф.; Уолш, Т.; Montellier, C.; Палмер Э. (2016). Королевские воздушные силы - с века до столетия 1916–2016 гг. (PDF) (отчет). Высокий Wycombe: Центр Air Media Royal Force. Архивировано из оригинала (PDF) 19 сентября 2017 года.
- Март, П. (1993). Ежегодник Королевских ВВС 1993 . Фэрфорд , Великобритания: Королевский военно -воздушный фонд.
- Ултон, мы (1987). Крекер острова Рождества: отчет о планировании и исполнении британских испытаний на термоядерную бомбу, 1957 . Лондон: Томас Хармсворт. ISBN 978-0-948807-04-6 Полем OCLC 15593703 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]