Список лиц, номинированных на Нобелевскую премию мира
Нобелевская премия мира — одна из пяти Нобелевских премий, учрежденных по воле Альфреда Нобеля , шведского изобретателя и промышленника, наряду с премиями по химии , физике , физиологии или медицине и литературе . С марта 1901 г. [1] он вручается ежегодно (за некоторыми исключениями) тем, кто «сделал больше всего или лучшую работу для братства между нациями, для упразднения или сокращения постоянных армий, а также для проведения и содействия мирным конгрессам ».
Норвежский Нобелевский комитет, орган из пяти членов, назначенный норвежским парламентом, выбирает лауреата в соответствии с намерением Альфреда Нобеля. Комитет ежегодно приглашает квалифицированных специалистов подавать заявки на получение Премии. [2] Выдвижение своей кандидатуры не допускается. Бывали годы, когда премия не вручалась, несмотря на ежегодные приглашения и отборы, из-за начала Первой мировой войны (1914, 1915, 1916 и 1918 гг.), Второй мировой войны (1939–1943 гг.) и некоторых конкретных обстоятельств ( 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967 и 1972 годы). Из-за убийства Махатмы Ганди Премия мира также не была присуждена в 1948 году, поскольку, по словам Комитета, «не было приемлемого живого претендента». [3] Во время обсуждений комитета были годы, когда ни один из номинантов в том году, когда они были перечислены, не соответствовал критериям завещания Нобеля. Таким образом, вручение премии также откладывалось двенадцать раз: Элиху Рут (1912 г.), Вудро Вильсон (1919 г.), Остин Чемберлен (1925 г.), Чарльз Г. Доус (1925 г.), Фрэнк Б. Келлогг (1929 г.), Норман Энджелл ( 1933), Карл фон Осецкий (1935), Международный комитет Красного Креста (1944), Альберт Швейцер (1952), Управление Верховного комиссара Организации Объединенных Наций по делам беженцев (1954), Альберт Лутули (1960) и Лайнус Полинг (1962). ).
Из 918 кандидатов, выдвинутых с 1901 по 1973 год, только американский академик Ноам Хомский (род. 1928), номинированный в 1969 году, и американский политический активист Ральф Нейдер в настоящее время живы (род. 1934), номинированный в 1972 году.
Номинанты по первой номинации
[ редактировать ]1901–1909
[ редактировать ]Картина | Имя | Рожденный | Умер | Годы номинации | Примечания |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | |||||
Фредерик Пасси [а] | 20 мая 1822 г. Париж , Франция | 12 июня 1912 г. Нейи-сюр-Сен , Франция | 1901 , 1903 [4] | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1901 года. [5] [6] | |
Анри Дюнан [б] | 8 мая 1828 г. Женева , Швейцария | 30 октября 1910 г. Хайден, Швейцария | 1901 | ||
Эли Дюкоммен [с] | 19 февраля 1833 г. Женева , Швейцария | 7 декабря 1906 г. Берн , Швейцария | 1901, 1902 , 1903 [4] | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1902 года. [7] [8] | |
Чарльз Альберт Гобат [д] | 21 мая 1843 г. Трамелан , Швейцария | 16 марта 1914 г. Берн , Швейцария | 1901, 1902 , 1903 [9] | ||
Уильям Рэндал Кремер [и] | 18 марта 1828 г. Фархэм , Великобритания | 22 июля 1908 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 1901, 1902, 1903 , 1904 [10] | Лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1903 года. [11] | |
Берта Софи фон Зуттнер [ф] | 9 июня 1843 г. Прага , Богемия, Австрийская империя | 21 июня 1914 г. Вена , Австро-Венгрия | 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 | Первая женщина, получившая Нобелевскую премию мира 1905 года. [12] | |
Конрад Бейер | 13 июля 1834 г. Штутгарт , Королевство Вюртемберг | 17 марта 1906 г. Штутгарт, Германская империя | 1901 | Единственный раз номинировался писателем Эмилем Якобом Йонасом (псевдоним Лёвенбалк фон Хоэнталь , 1824–1912). [13] | |
Jan Gotlib Bloch [г] | 24 июня 1836 г. Радом , Конгресс Польши | 7 января 1902 г. Варшава , Конгресс Польши | 1901 | [14] | |
Эдуард Линкер [час] | ? Вена , Австрия | ? Вена, Австрия | 1901 | Единственный раз номинирован Александром Вутковичем . [15] | |
Артур Мюльбергер (Mühlberger) [я] | 30 января 1847 г. Хоэнхайм , Штутгарт, Королевство Вюртемберг | 5 ноября 1907 г. Штутгарт , Германская империя | 1901 | Единственный раз номинирован отцом Гаусманом . [16] | |
Царь Николай II России [Дж] | 18 мая 1868 г. Санкт-Петербург , Российская Империя | 17 июля 1918 г. Екатеринбург , РСФСР. | 1901 | Император Всецарской России (1894–1917). [17] | |
Бениамино Пандольфи Гуттадауро [к] | 12 июня 1836 г. Неаполь , Королевство Обеих Сицилий | 29 января 1909 г. Неаполь, Италия | 1901 | Единственный раз номинирован Итальянской межпарламентской группой. [18] | |
Джулиан Паунсефот, первый барон Паунсефот [л] | 13 сентября 1828 г. Мюнхен , Королевство Бавария | 24 мая 1902 г. Вашингтон, округ Колумбия , США | 1901 | Единственный раз номинирован Дж.Т.Лундом . [19] | |
Поликарпо Петрокки [м] | 16 марта 1852 г. Пистойя , Великое Герцогство Тоскана | 25 августа 1902 г. Пистойя, Италия | 1901 | Единственный раз номинирован Al.C.Fr.R.Br.Chiappelli . [20] | |
Герберт Спенсер | 12 апреля 1820 г. Дерби , Великобритания | 8 декабря 1903 г. Брайтон , Великобритания | 1901 | Номинирован на Нобелевскую премию по литературе. [21] | |
Луи-Леже Вотье | 6 апреля 1815 г. Бержерак , Франция | 5 октября 1901 г. Таверни , Франция | 1901 | Единственный раз номинирован Хром Пажо . Умер, не дождавшись единственного шанса получить награду. Другой кандидат ( выдвинутый в 1951 году ) с той же фамилией был объединен с ним в архиве номинаций. [22] | |
Мерлин Гектор [н] | ? Франция | ? Франция | 1901, 1902 | Номинирован только Дж. Аллеманом . [23] [24] | |
Гюстав Муанье [the] | 21 сентября 1826 г. Женева , Швейцария | 21 августа 1910 г. Женева, Швейцария | 1901, 1902, 1903, 1905 | Номинирован только Р.Клином . [25] | |
Ян Джейкоб Лодевейк тен Кейт | 12 июня 1850 г. Мидделбург , Нидерланды | 28 мая 1929 г. Гаага , Нидерланды | 1901, 1906 | Номинирован только Самюэлем Баартом де ла Файем (1842–1917). [26] | |
Фридрих Мартенс [п] | 27 августа 1845 г. Пярну , Российская империя. | 19 июня 1909 г. Санкт-Петербург , Российская Империя | 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908 | [27] | |
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy [д] | 9 сентября 1828 г. Тула , Российская империя. | 20 ноября 1910 г. Лев Толстой , Российская Империя. | 1901, 1902, 1909 | Номинирован на Нобелевскую премию по литературе. [28] | |
Уильям Томас Стед [р] | 5 июля 1849 г. Эмблтон , Великобритания | 15 апреля 1912 г. на борту RMS Титаника | 1901, 1902, 1908, 1909, 1912 | [29] | |
Эдуард Левенталь [с] | 12 марта 1836 г. Форхтенберг , Королевство Вюртемберг | 26 марта 1917 г. Берлин , Германская империя | 1901, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1913 | [30] | |
Белва Энн Беннетт Локвуд [т] | 24 октября 1830 г. Роялтон, Нью-Йорк , США | 19 мая 1917 г. Вашингтон, округ Колумбия , США | 1901, 1914 | [31] | |
Адольф Рихтер [в] | 1 февраля 1839 г. Висбаден , герцогство Нассау | 13 августа 1914 г. Пфорцхайм , Германская империя | 1901, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 | [32] | |
Отто Умфрид [v] | 2 мая 1857 г. Нюртинген , Королевство Вюртемберг | 23 мая 1923 г. Винненден , Германия | 1901, 1913, 1914, 1915 [33] | [34] | |
Эдуард Декамп [В] | 27 августа 1847 г. Белой, Бельгия | 17 января 1933 г. Брюссель , Бельгия | 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1910, 1915 | [35] | |
Гаэтано (Умано) Меале [х] | 1858 Авеллино , Королевство Обеих Сицилий | 1927 Больяско , Италия | 1901, 1908, 1926 | [36] | |
Гульельмо Ферреро [и] | 21 июля 1871 г. Портичи , Италия | 3 августа 1942 г. Шардон , Швейцария | 1901, 1927 | Номинирован на Нобелевскую премию по литературе. [37] | |
Фредрик Баер [С] | 21 апреля 1837 г. Нествед , Дания | 22 января 1922 г. Копенгаген , Дания | 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908 | [38] Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1908 года. [39] | |
1902 | |||||
Клас Понтус Арнольдсон [аа] | 27 октября 1844 г. Гетеборг , Швеция | 20 февраля 1916 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908 | ||
Эрнесто Теодоро Монета [аб] | 20 сентября 1833 г. Милан , Королевство Ломбардия-Венеция | 10 февраля 1918 г. Милан, Италия | 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1907 года с Луи Рено . [40] | |
Чезаре Бунфанти [и] | ? Флоренция , Италия | ? Флоренция, Италия | 1902 | Единственный раз номинирован Дж.Пескетти . [41] | |
Леонид Алексеевич Камаровский | 15 марта 1846 г. Казань , Российская Империя. | 12 августа 1912 г. Москва , Российская Империя | 1902 | Единственный раз номинирован Ал.С.Алексеевым . [42] | |
Иоганн Мартин Шлейер [объявление] | 18 июля 1831 г. Лауда-Кёнигсхофен , Королевство Вюртемберг | 16 августа 1912 г. Констанц , Германская империя | 1902 | [43] | |
Джон Эдвард Мэтью Винсент | 1837 Шерборн , Дорсет , Англия, Великобритания | 12 марта 1910 г. Баттерси , Лондон, Англия, Великобритания | 1902 | Единственный раз номинирован Уильямом О'Мэлли . [44] | |
Льюис Эпплтон | ? Великобритания | ? Великобритания | 1902 | Единственный раз выдвигался членами парламента Соединенного Королевства . [45] | |
Бартоло Лонго | 10 февраля 1841 г. Латиано , Королевство Обеих Сицилий | 5 октября 1926 г. Торре Аннунциата , Италия | 1902, 1903 [46] | [47] | |
Жюль Поло [но] | 28 февраля 1822 г. Нант , Франция | 1906 Франция | 1902, 1903 | Номинирован только Эммом Халганом . [48] | |
Артуро де Маркоарту [из] | 1 июля 1827 г. Бильбао , Испания | 21 января 1904 г. Сан-Себастьян , Испания | 1902, 1904 | [49] | |
Урбан Гохье [в] | 17 декабря 1862 г. Версаль , Франция | 29 июня 1951 г. Сен-Сатур , Франция | 1902, 1903, 1908 | [50] | |
Сэр Джерард Лоутер, первый баронет [ах] | 16 февраля 1858 г. Бедфордшир , Великобритания | 5 апреля 1916 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 1902, 1903 | Номинирован только Бьей М. Бьёрнсоном . [51] | |
1903 | |||||
Уильям Баррингтон [есть] | 28 января 1842 г. Оксфордшир , Великобритания | 23 февраля 1922 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 1903 | Единственный раз совместно с номинировался Бьёрнсоном Г.Лоутером . [52] | |
Мориц Адлер [также] | 1831 Хабри , Богемия, Австрийская империя | 1907 | 1903 | Единственный раз номинирован отцом Кляйнвехтером . [53] | |
Станислав Корвин-Дзбанский [и] | ? Австрия | ? Австрия | 1903 | Единственный раз номинировался членом австрийского рейхсрата профессором Арамом Дрбосринским. [54] | |
Матис Лусси | 28 апреля 1828 г. Штанс , Швейцария | 21 января 1910 г. Монтрё , Швейцария | 1903 | Единственный раз номинировался швейцеровским политиком Фердинандом Бюзингером (1839–1909). [55] | |
Эмиль Штраусс | 31 января 1866 г. Пфорцхайм , Великое герцогство Баден | 10 августа 1960 г. Фрайбург-им-Брайсгау , Западная Германия | 1903 | [56] | |
Джон Теодор Лунд [ал] | 9 октября 1842 г. Берген , Норвегия | 8 января 1913 г. Берген, Норвегия | 1903, 1904, 1905 | [57] | |
Альфред Генри Лав [являюсь] | 7 сентября 1830 г. Филадельфия , Пенсильвания, США | 29 июня 1913 г. Филадельфия, Пенсильвания, США | 1903, 1904, 1906 | [58] | |
Ходжсон Пратт [ан] | 10 января 1824 г. Бат , Великобритания | 26 февраля 1907 г. Ле Пек , Франция | 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 | [59] | |
Присцилла Ханна Пековер [к] | 27 октября 1833 г. Висбек , Великобритания | 8 сентября 1931 г. Висбек, Великобритания | 1903, 1905, 1911, 1913 | [60] | |
1904 | |||||
Луи Рено [ап] | 21 мая 1843 г. Отен , Франция | 8 февраля 1918 г. Барбизон , Франция | 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1907 года с Эрнесто Теодоро Монета . [61] | |
Поль Анри Балет Эстурнель де Констан [ак] | 22 ноября 1852 г. Ла Флеш , Франция | 15 мая 1924 г. Париж , Франция | 1904, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1909 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1909 года с Огюстом Бернартом . [62] | |
Бьёрнстьерне Бьёрнсон | 8 декабря 1832 г. Квикне , Норвегия | 26 апреля 1910 г. Париж , Франция | 1904 [63] | Лауреат Нобелевской премии по литературе 1903 года. [64] | |
Уолтер Бион [с] | 29 апреля 1830 г. Аффельтранген , Швейцария | 3 сентября 1909 г. Цюрих , Швейцария | 1904 | [65] | |
Аугусто Пьерантони [как] | 24 июня 1840 г. Кьети , Королевство Обеих Сицилий | 12 марта 1911 г. Рим , Италия | 1904 | Единственный раз номинирован Джованни Баттистой Гуарини – профессором права из Рима . [66] | |
Генри Уортингтон Стэтхэм | 31 декабря 1843 г. Парраматта , колония Новый Южный Уэльс | 5 сентября 1913 г. Сидней , Австралия | 1904 | Единственный раз номинирован Бр.Холлом . [67] | |
Генриетта Вердье Винтелер де Вайндек [в] | 9 января 1832 г. Франция | 20 марта 1910 г. Лондон, Англия, Великобритания | 1904, [68] 1905, 1907, 1910 | [69] | |
Уильям Эванс Дарби [В] | 1844 Лондон , Великобритания | 1922 Лондон, Великобритания | 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, [70] 1908, 1911, 1913, 1914 [71] | [72] | |
Жозеф Жюльен Луи Эрсант [из] | 13 августа 1852 г. Париж , Франция | 26 июня 1919 г. Франция | 1904, 1935 | [73] | |
Мирза Риза Хан [оу] | 1846 Тебриз , Российская империя. | 1937 Тебриз, Иран | 1904, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [74] | |
1905 | |||||
Поль де Смет де Найер [топор] | 13 мая 1843 г. Гент , Бельгия | 9 сентября 1913 г. Брюссель , Бельгия | 1905 | Единственный раз номинировался бароном де Ольнисом де Бурруи . [75] | |
Томас Барклай [является] | 20 февраля 1853 г. Данфермлин , Великобритания | 20 января 1941 г. Версаль , Франция | 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1923, 1925, 1928 | [76] | |
Ричард Бартольдт [the] | 2 ноября 1855 г. Шляйц , Княжество Ройсс-Гера | 19 марта 1932 г. Сент-Луис , Миссури, США | 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1931, 1932 | [77] | |
1906 | |||||
Теодор Рузвельт [нет] | 27 октября 1858 г. Нью-Йорк , Нью-Йорк, США | 6 января 1919 г. Ойстер Бэй , Нью-Йорк, США | 1906 | 26-й президент США (1901–1909), лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1906 года. [78] | |
Ялмар Брантинг [бб] | 23 ноября 1860 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 24 февраля 1925 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1906, 1913, 1914, 1921 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1921 года с Кристианом Луи Ланге . [79] | |
Франсиско Франсиско и Диас | 1862 Окана, Испания | ? | 1906 | Единственный раз номинирован доном Хосе де Карденасом . [80] | |
Джон Милтон Хэй [до н. э.] | 8 октября 1838 г. Салем , Индиана, США | 1 июля 1905 г. Ньюбери , Нью-Гэмпшир, США | 1906 | Единственный раз посмертно номинирован профессорами права нескольких университетов США. [81] | |
Леон Вальрас | 16 декабря 1834 г. Эвре , Франция | 5 января 1910 г. Монтрё , Швейцария | 1906 | [82] | |
Джон Вестлейк [бд] | 4 февраля 1828 г. Лостуитиел , Великобритания | 14 апреля 1913 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 1906 | Единственный раз номинирован французским членом Института международного права Антуаном Пийе (1857-1926). [83] | |
Чарльз Уильям Смит | ? Борнмут , Великобритания | ? Борнмут, Великобритания | 1906, 1911, 1912, 1913 | [84] | |
Эрнест Нис [быть] | 27 марта 1851 г. Кортрейк , Бельгия | 12 сентября 1920 г. Брюссель , Бельгия | 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1919 | [85] | |
Уильям Осборн Макдауэлл | 10 апреля 1848 г. Сомерсет , Нью-Джерси, США | 12 марта 1927 г. Ньюарк , Нью-Джерси, США | 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1917, [86] 1920 | [87] | |
Эдвард Вавринский [бф] | 12 апреля 1848 г. Линчёпинг , Швеция | 4 января 1924 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1906, 1907, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1922, 1923 | [88] | |
1907 | |||||
Джон Уильям Стросон [бг] | ? Австралия | ? Австралия | 1907 | Единственный раз номинирован В.Рейнхольдом . [89] | |
Эрвинг Уинслоу | 19 ноября 1839 г. Бостон , Массачусетс, США | 10 марта 1922 г. Конкорд, Массачусетс , США | 1907 | Единственный раз номинирован JLSlayden . [90] | |
Адам Вишневски | 1826 | 1917 | 1907 | Единственный раз выдвинут четырьмя членами итальянского парламента . [91] | |
Чарльз Сэмюэл Ледбеттер | 1907, 1908 | [92] | |||
Пьер Дютиль де ла Тюк | 23 сентября 1825 г. Нерак , Франция | ? Франция | 1907, 1908, 1909 | Выдвигал только Ж.-А.Дюнан . [93] | |
Отфрид Ниппольд [бх] | 21 мая 1864 г. Висбаден , герцогство Нассау | 21 июля 1938 г. Берн , Швейцария | 1907, 1908, 1909 | [94] | |
Людвик Лейзер Заменгоф [с] | 15 декабря 1859 г. Белосток , Российская империя. | 14 апреля 1917 г. Варшава , Конгресс Польши | 1907, 1909, 1910, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917 | [95] | |
1908 | |||||
Леон Буржуа [bj] | 29 мая 1851 г. Париж , Франция | 29 сентября 1925 г. Эперне , Франция | 1908, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1919, 1920 | Лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1920 года. [96] | |
Рассел Лоуэлл Джонс | ? Великобритания | ? Великобритания | 1908 | Единственный раз номинирован Б.Бозанке . [97] | |
Луиджи Луццатти [бк] | 11 марта 1841 г. Венеция , Королевство Ломбардия – Венеция | 29 марта 1927 г. Рим , Италия | 1908, 1909 | Премьер-министр Италии (1841–1927) [98] | |
Альберт Кейт Смайли [бл] | 17 марта 1828 г. Вассалборо, Мэн , США | 2 декабря 1912 г. Редлендс, Калифорния , США | 1908, 1911, 1913 | [99] | |
Эндрю Карнеги [бм] | 25 ноября 1835 г. Данфермлин , Великобритания | 11 августа 1919 г. Ленокс, Массачусетс , США | 1908, 1911, 1913 | [100] | |
Франц Иосиф I Австрии [бн] | 18 августа 1830 г. Вена , Австрийская империя | 21 ноября 1916 г. Вена , Австро-Венгрия | 1908, 1913, 1914 | Император Австро-Венгерской империи (1848–1916). [101] | |
Рудольф Врба | 6 октября 1860 г. Бела под Бездезем , Чехия, Австрийская империя | 17 октября 1939 г. Млада Болеслав , Протекторат Богемии и Моравии | 1908, 1910, 1915 | [102] | |
Рафаэль Альтамира и Кревеа [быть] | 10 февраля 1866 г. Аликанте , Испания | 1 июня 1951 г. Мехико , Мексика | 1908, 1909, 1911, 1933, 1951 | Номинирован на Нобелевскую премию по литературе. [103] | |
1909 | |||||
Огюст Бернарт [бп] | 26 июля 1829 г. Остенде , Бельгия | 6 октября 1912 г. Люцерн , Швейцария | 1909 | Премьер-министр Бельгии (1884–1894), разделивший Нобелевскую премию мира 1909 года с Полем Анри д'Эстурнелем де Константом . [104] | |
Альфред Герман Фрид [бк] | 11 ноября 1864 г. Вена , Австрийская империя | 5 мая 1921 г. Вена , Австрия | 1909, 1910, 1911 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1911 года с Тобиасом Ассером . [105] | |
Элиуй Рут [бр] | 5 февраля 1845 г. Клинтон, округ Онейда, Нью-Йорк , США | 7 февраля 1937 г. Нью-Йорк , США | 1909, 1910, [106] 1913 | Выиграл Нобелевскую премию мира 1912 года , но был присужден в следующем году. [107] | |
По призыву Ариг (Заботливый) | 13 ноября 1860 г. Осака , Япония | 17 мая 1921 г. Токио , Япония | 1909 | Единственный раз был номинирован компанией Hilty . [108] | |
Эдвард Пуркис Фрост [бс] | 1 января 1842 г. Великобритания | 26 января 1922 г. Великобритания | 1909 | Единственный раз выдвигался членом британского парламента П.М. Торнтоном. [109] | |
Себастьян де Магальяйнс Лима | 30 мая 1850 г. Рио-де-Жанейро , Бразилия | 7 декабря 1928 г. Лиссабон , Португалия | 1909 | Единственный раз номинирован Ж.М. де МБФейо Теренасом . [110] | |
Лео-Поль Роберт [бт] | 19 марта 1851 г. Биль/Бьен , Швейцария | 10 октября 1923 г. Орвин , Швейцария | 1909 | Единственный раз был номинирован компанией Hilty . [111] | |
Карлос Родольфо Тобар [этот] | 4 ноября 1853 г. Кито , Эквадор | 19 апреля 1920 г. Барселона , Испания | 1909 | Единственный раз номинировался членом Постоянной третейской палаты Х.Васкесом. [112] | |
Клиффорд Стивенс Уолтон | 2 марта 1861 г. Шардон, Огайо , США | 15 мая 1902 или 1912 года Вашингтон, округ Колумбия , США. | 1909 | Номинирован (посмертно?) единственный раз Юджином Карузи (1835-1924) — профессором права Национального университета . [113] | |
Паскуале Фиори [бв] | 8 апреля 1837 г. Терлицци , Королевство Обеих Сицилий | 17 декабря 1914 г. Неаполь , Италия | 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 | [114] | |
Александр Меригак [ш] | 21 января 1857 г. Тулуза , Франция | 20 июля 1927 г. Тулуза, Франция | 1909, 1913 | Номинирован только чемпионом Андре Вайсом . [115] | |
Дэвид Старр Джордан [бх] | 19 января 1851 г. Гейнсвилл , Нью-Йорк, США | 19 сентября 1931 г. Стэнфорд, Калифорния , США | 1909, 1910, 1917, 1918, 1926, 1931 | [116] |
1910–1919
[ редактировать ]Картина | Имя | Рожденный | Умер | Годы номинации | Примечания |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1910 | |||||
Анри Лафонтен [к] | 22 апреля 1854 г. Брюссель , Бельгия | 14 мая 1943 г. Брюссель, Бельгия | 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 | Лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1913 года. [117] | |
Принц Альфонс Бурбонский и Восточной Австрии [бз] | 12 сентября 1849 г. Лондон , Англия | 29 сентября 1936 г. Вена , Австрия | 1910 | Единственный раз номинирован профессором международного права Алессандро Корси (1859-1924). [118] | |
Герберт Джозеф Давенпорт | 10 августа 1861 г. Уилмингтон, Вермонт , США | 15 июня 1931 г. Нью-Йорк , США | 1910 | Единственный раз номинирован Альбом Р.Хиллом . [119] | |
Виктор Гюго Дюрас [что] | 6 мая 1880 г. Нью-Йорк , США | 26 мая 1943 г. Нью-Йорк, США | 1910 | Единственный раз номинирован Эдм.Х.Хиншоу . [120] | |
Андрей Ляпчев | 30 ноября 1866 г. Ресен , Османская империя | 6 ноября 1933 г. София , Болгария | 1910 | 22-й премьер-министр Болгарии (1926–1931). Единственный раз номинирован Г.П.Славейковым . [121] | |
Милован Милованович [КБ] | 17 февраля 1863 г. Белград , Османская империя | 18 июня 1912 г. Белград, Сербия | 1910 | 45-й премьер-министр Сербии (1911–1912). [122] | |
Филип Стэнхоуп, первый барон Уэрдейл [сс] | 8 декабря 1847 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 1 марта 1923 г. Лондон, Великобритания | 1910 | Единственный раз номинирован Альфредом Х.Фридом . [123] | |
Анжела де Оливейра Сезар де Коста [компакт-диск] | что. 1860 г. Провинция Энтре-Риос , Аргентина | 25 июня 1940 г. Буэнос-Айрес , Аргентина | 1910, 1911 | Кандидаты выдвигаются только членами аргентинского парламента и сената. [124] | |
Чарльз Райт Макара | 11 января 1845 г. Стратмигло , Великобритания | 2 января 1929 г. Чешир , Великобритания | 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 | [125] | |
Джейкоб Мюнтер [Этот] | ? Мёкмюль , Германия | ? Мёкмюль, Германия | 1910, 1914, 1921 | [126] | |
Михал Станиславович Тышкевич [см.] | 7 апреля 1857 г. Андрушивка , Российская империя. | 3 августа 1930 г. Жидово, Гнезненский повят , Польша | 1910, 1911, 1927 | [127] | |
1911 | |||||
Тобиас Ассер [cg] | 28 апреля 1838 г. Амстердам , Нидерланды | 29 июля 1913 г. Гаага , Нидерланды | 1911 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1911 года с Альфредом Германом Фридом . [128] | |
Джон Рэли Мотт [ч] | 25 мая 1865 г. Ливингстон-Мэнор, Нью-Йорк , США | 31 января 1955 г. Орландо, Флорида , США | 1911, 1912, 1913, 1934, 1946 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1946 года с Эмили Грин Балч . [129] | |
Хосе Параньос, барон Риу-Бранку [Там] | 20 апреля 1845 г. Рио-де-Жанейро , Бразилия | 10 февраля 1912 г. Рио-де-Жанейро, Бразилия | 1911 | [130] | |
Эрнест Шеклтон | 15 февраля 1874 г. Килки , графство Килдэр , Ирландия, Великобритания | 5 января 1922 г. Грютвикен , Южная Георгия | 1911 | Единственный раз номинирован Ол.Ст.Локером-Лэмпсоном . [131] | |
Сергей Юльевич Витте [СДж] | 29 июня 1849 г. Тбилиси , Российская империя | 13 марта 1915 г. Петроград , Российская империя | 1911, 1912 | 1-й премьер-министр России (1905–1906). Выдвинут только К.Бруном . [132] | |
Гастон Мок [кк] | 6 марта 1859 г. Сен-Сир-л’Эколь , Франция | 3 июля 1935 г. Париж , Франция | 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 | [133] | |
Феликс Мошелес [кл] | 8 февраля 1833 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 22 декабря 1917 г. Ройал Танбридж Уэллс , Великобритания | 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 | [134] | |
Филип Зорн [см] | 13 января 1850 г. Байройт , Королевство Бавария | 4 января 1928 г. Ансбах , Германия | 1911, 1912, 1914 | [135] | |
Император Вильгельм II | 27 января 1859 г. Берлин , Королевство Пруссия | 4 июня 1941 г. Доорн , Нидерланды | 1911, 1917 | Император Пруссии (1888–1918) [136] | |
Эмиль Арно [сп] | 21 октября 1864 г. Ла Шапель-де-Сюрье , Франция | 9 декабря 1921 г. Париж , Франция | 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 | [137] | |
Альберт Аппони [со] | 29 мая 1846 г. Вена , Австрийская империя | 7 февраля 1933 г. Женева , Швейцария | 1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932 | [138] | |
Фридрих Вильгельм Ферстер [сп] | 2 июня 1869 г. Берлин , Королевство Пруссия | 9 января 1966 г. Кильхберг , Швейцария | 1911, 1922, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1951, 1953, 1956, 1961, 1964 | [139] [140] | |
1912 г. - Премия присуждена годом позже. | |||||
Норман Энджелл [кк] | 26 декабря 1872 г. Холбич , Великобритания | 7 октября 1967 г. Кройдон , Великобритания | 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1933 , 1934 | Выиграл Нобелевскую премию мира 1933 года , но был присужден в следующем году. [141] | |
Шарль Роберт Рише [кр] | 26 августа 1850 г. Париж , Франция | 4 декабря 1935 г. Париж, Франция | 1912, 1913, 1924, 1927, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 | Лауреат Нобелевской премии по физиологии и медицине 1913 года. [142] | |
Джироламо Интерноссия [КС] | 28 сентября 1869 г. Раполла , Италия | 3 июня 1931 г. Монреаль , Канада | 1912 | [143] | |
Maksim Kovalevsky [кт] | 27 августа 1851 г. Хархов , Российская Империя. | 5 апреля 1916 г. Петроград , Российская империя | 1912 | [144] | |
Федерико Поч Мартинес | ? Барселона , Испания | ? Барселона, Испания | 1912 | [145] | |
Рамон Мария де Далмау и Оливар | 18 апреля 1861 г. Лерида , Испания | 11 октября 1928 г. Мадрид , Испания | 1912 | [146] | |
Мартин Раде [с] | 4 апреля 1857 г. Столп , Королевство Саксония | 9 апреля 1940 г. Франкфурт , нацистская Германия. | 1912 | [147] | |
Эстанислао Северео Себальос | 27 июля 1854 г. Росарио , Аргентина | 4 октября 1923 г. Ливерпуль , Великобритания | 1912, 1920, 1923 | [148] | |
Теодор Эжен Сезар Рюйссен [резюме] | 11 августа 1868 г. Клиссон , Франция | 5 мая 1967 г. Гренобль , Франция | 1912, 1913, 1914, [71] 1922, [149] 1923, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1939, 1940, [150] 1949, 1961, 1962 | [151] | |
1913 | |||||
Анна Бернхардин Экстайн | 14 июня 1868 г. Кобург , Королевство Бавария | 16 октября 1947 г. Кобург, Германия, оккупированная союзниками | 1913 | [152] Совместно номинированы [153] | |
Огюст Узо де Леэ | 28 июля 1832 г. Монс , Бельгия | 20 мая 1922 г. Монс, Бельгия | |||
Ричард Генрих Мария Хуберт Фельдхаус Шопен [продолжение] | 17 августа 1856 г. Нойс , Королевство Пруссия | 29 января 1944 г. Биннинген, Швейцария | 1913 | [154] | |
Гвидо Фузинато [cx] | 15 февраля 1860 г. Кастельфранко Венето , Королевство Ломбардия-Венеция | 22 сентября 1914 г. Скио , Италия | 1913 | [155] | |
Фредерик Уильям Герберт [си] | ? Великобритания | ? Великобритания | 1913 | [156] | |
Эдвин Доак Мид [ru] | 29 сентября 1849 г. Честерфилд, Нью-Гэмпшир , США | 17 августа 1937 г. Дорчестер, Массачусетс , США | 1913 | [157] Совместно номинированы [158] | |
Люсия Эймс Мид [и] | 5 мая 1856 г. Боскауэн, Нью-Гэмпшир , США | 1 ноября 1936 г. Бостон , Массачусетс, США | |||
Уильям Ховард Тафт [дб] | 15 сентября 1857 г. Цинциннати , Огайо, США | 8 марта 1930 г. Вашингтон, округ Колумбия , США | 1913 | 27-й президент США (1909–1913) [159] | |
Бенджамин Франклин Трублад [постоянный ток] | 25 ноября 1837 г. Салем, Индиана , США | 26 октября 1916 г. Ньютон-Хайлендс, Массачусетс , США | 1913, 1914, 1915 [33] | [160] | |
Грамм Грегера [дд] | 10 декабря 1846 г. Мосс , Норвегия | 1 августа 1929 г. Осло , Норвегия | 1913, 1914, 1915 | [161] | |
Александр Саворнин Ломан | 29 мая 1837 г. Гронинген , Нидерланды | 11 июня 1924 г. Гаага , Нидерланды | 1913, 1915 | [162] | |
Карл Сундблад [из] | Сентябрь 1849 г. Хёреда , Швеция | 4 декабря 1933 г. Рённинге , Швеция | 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1923, 1925, 1932, 1933 | [163] | |
Томаш Гарриг Масарик [дф] | 7 марта 1850 г. Годонин , Моравия, Австрийская империя. | 14 сентября 1937 г. Девушка , Чехословакия | 1913, 1914, 1915, 1921, 1923, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1937 | 1-й президент Чехословакии (1918–1935). [164] | |
1914 - в этом году премия не присуждена. | |||||
Кристиан Лус Ланге [дг] | 17 сентября 1869 г. Ставангер , Норвегия | 11 декабря 1938 г. Осло , Норвегия | 1914, 1919, 1920, 1921 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1921 года с Яльмаром Брантингом . [165] | |
Людвиг Квидде [д] | 23 марта 1858 г. Независимый город Бремен | 4 марта 1941 г. Женева , Швейцария | 1914, [71] 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1927 года с Фердинандом Бюиссоном . [166] | |
Джозеф Гандри Александр | Июнь 1848 г. Бат, Сомерсет , Англия, Великобритания | 26 февраля 1918 г. | 1914 | Единственный раз номинирован Эрном Т.Монетой . [71] | |
Луис Мария Драго [Из] | 6 мая 1859 г. Мерседес , Аргентина | 9 июня 1921 г. Буэнос-Айрес , Аргентина | 1914 | [167] | |
Эжен-Эмиль Рикес | 15 сентября 1846 г. Франция | ? Франция | 1914 | [168] | |
Всеволод Чещичин [диджей] | 18 февраля 1865 г. Рига , Российская Империя | 14 декабря 1934 г. Ленинград , Советский Союз | 1914 | [169] | |
Эдоардо Гиретти [ДК] | 10 августа 1864 г. Торре Пелличе , Италия | 27 декабря 1940 г. Сан-Маурицио Канавезе , Италия | 1914, 1915, 1916 | [170] | |
Гомер Ле Рой Бойл [дл] | ? Мичиган, США | ? Мичиган, США | 1914, 1917 | [171] | |
Антонио Серра и Морант | 17 декабря 1866 г. Аликанте , Испания | 7 августа 1939 г. Мадрид , Испания | 1914, 1915, 1926 | Номинирован на Нобелевскую премию по литературе. [172] | |
1915 - в этом году премия не присуждена. | |||||
Энрико Бигнами | 3 декабря 1833 г. Лоди , Королевство Ломбардия-Венеция | 13 октября 1921 г. Лугано , Швейцария | 1915 | [173] | |
Нильс Клаус Ихлен | 24 июля 1855 г. Скедсмо , Норвегия | 22 марта 1925 г. Осло , Норвегия | 1915 | [174] Совместно номинированы [дм] [175] | |
Кнут Агатон Валленберг | 19 мая 1853 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1 июня 1938 г. Стокгольм, Швеция | |||
Светомир Николаевич | 27 сентября 1844 г. Уб, Сербия , Османская империя | 18 апреля 1922 г. Белград , Югославия | 1915 | [176] | |
Джон Милтон Росс [ДН] | ? Соединенные Штаты | ? Соединенные Штаты | 1915 | [177] | |
Роберт Стейн | 9 января 1857 г. Кросновице , Польша | 21 апреля 1917 г. Вашингтон, округ Колумбия , США | 1915 | [178] | |
Дженнаро Тамбаро | ? Неаполь , Италия | ? Неаполь, Италия | 1915 | [179] | |
Чарльз Грэм Уорсли | ? Австралия | ? Австралия | 1915 | [180] | |
Генрих Ламмаш [делать] | 21 мая 1853 г. Зайтенштеттен , Австрийская империя | 6 января 1920 г. Зальцбург , Австрия | 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 | [181] | |
Папа Бенедикт XV [дп] | 21 ноября 1854 г. Пельи , Королевство Пьемонт-Сардиния | 22 января 1922 г. Рим , Италия | 1915, 1916, 1920 | 259-й Папа Римско-католической церкви (1914–1922) [182] | |
Альберт I Бельгии [дк] | 8 апреля 1875 г. Лакен , Бельгия | 17 февраля 1934 г. Намюр , Бельгия | 1915, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1927 | Король Бельгии (1909–1934) [183] | |
Йозеф Полак [доктор] | 6 марта 1882 г. Варшава , Конгресс Польши | 6 августа 1943 года Освенцим , оккупированная немцами Польша. | 1915, 1928 | [184] | |
1916 - в этом году премия не присуждена. | |||||
Джейн Аддамс [дс] | 6 сентября 1860 г. Седарвилл, Иллинойс , США | 21 мая 1935 г. Чикаго , Иллинойс, США | 1916, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1931 года с Николасом Мюрреем Батлером . [185] | |
Пер Альберг [дт] | 21 ноября 1864 г. Гетеборг , Швеция | 14 мая 1945 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1916 | [186] | |
Эрико Мариньо да Гама Коэльо | 7 марта 1849 г. Кабо Фриу , Бразилия | 26 ноября 1922 г. Рио-де-Жанейро , Бразилия | 1916 | [187] | |
Людвиг Вейрингер | ? Вена , Австрия | ? Вена, Австрия | 1916 | [188] | |
Джеймс Дженкингс Брайан | ? | ? | 1916 | Единственный раз номинирован Ал.Хейлингером . [189] | |
1917 | |||||
Йозеф Шеррер-Фюллеманн [из] | 18 ноября 1847 г. Санкт-Галлен , Швейцария | 8 сентября 1924 г. Женева , Швейцария | 1917 | [190] | |
Альфонсо XIII | 17 мая 1886 г. Мадрид , Испания | 28 февраля 1941 г. Рим , Италия | 1917, 1933 | Король Испании (1886–1931) [191] [192] | |
Джеймс Браун Скотт [дв] | 3 июня 1866 г. Кинкардин, Онтарио , Канада | 25 июня 1943 г. Аннаполис, Мэриленд , США | 1917, 1918, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [193] | |
Розика Беди-Швиммер [дв] | 11 сентября 1877 г. Будапешт , Австро-Венгрия | 3 августа 1948 г. Нью-Йорк , США | 1917, 1948 | [194] | |
1918 - в этом году премия не присуждена. | |||||
Вудро Вильсон [ДХ] | 28 декабря 1856 г. Стонтон, Вирджиния , США | 3 февраля 1924 г. Вашингтон, округ Колумбия , США | 1918, 1919 , 1920 | 28-й президент США, лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1919 года, но был удостоен этой награды в следующем году. [195] | |
Тоннес Толлаксен Сандстёль [ты] | 28 сентября 1845 г. Ставангер , Норвегия | 9 июня 1924 г. Ставангер, Норвегия | 1918 | [196] | |
Джордж Брандес | 4 февраля 1842 г. Копенгаген , Дания | 19 февраля 1927 г. Копенгаген, Дания | 1918 | Номинирован на Нобелевскую премию по литературе [197] | |
Мэри Шапард [дз] | в. 1882 г. Миссисипи, США | в. 1950-е годы Техас, США | 1918, [198] 1919 | Номинирован только Дж. М. Шеппардом . [199] | |
Вальтер Шюкинг [из] | 6 января 1875 г. Мюнстер , Германская империя | 25 августа 1935 г. Гаага , Нидерланды | 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922, [149] 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934 | [200] | |
1919 г. - Премия вручена годом позже. | |||||
Пьетро Гаспарри [эб] | 5 мая 1852 г. Хуссита , Папская область | 18 ноября 1934 г. Рим , Италия | 1919, 1920 | [201] | |
Бенджамин де Йонг ван Бик и Донк [эк] | 29 марта 1881 г. Горинхем , Нидерланды | 31 января 1948 г. Женева , Швейцария | 1919, 1922 | [202] |
1920–1929
[ редактировать ]Картина | Имя | Рожденный | Умер | Годы номинации | Примечания |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1920 | |||||
Юлиус Лассен | 4 июля 1847 г. Самсё , Дания | 23 ноября 1923 г. Копенгаген , Дания | 1920 | [203] | |
Дезире-Жозеф Мерсье [ред] | 21 ноября 1851 г. Брэн-л'Алле , Бельгия | 23 января 1926 г. Брюссель , Бельгия | 1920 | [204] | |
Элис Стрёмгрен | 31 мая 1870 г. Хельсингборг , Швеция | 5 апреля 1947 г. Копенгаген , Дания | 1920, 1922, 1923 | [205] | |
Ганс Якоб Хорст [из] | 7 ноября 1848 г. Хаммерфест , Норвегия | 17 марта 1931 г. Осло , Норвегия | 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 | [206] | |
Кэролайн Реми де Гебхард | 27 апреля 1855 г. Париж , Франция | 24 апреля 1929 г. Пьерфон , Франция | 1920, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1929 | [207] | |
1921 | |||||
Жером Перине [если] | ? | ? | 1921 | [208] | |
Франческо Квакварелли | ? Италия | ? Италия | 1921 | [209] | |
Иоанн Иудейский | ? Болонья , Италия | ? Болонья , Италия | 1921, 1922, 1924, 1925 | [210] | |
Герберт Гувер [например] | 10 августа 1874 г. Вест-Бранч , Айова, США | 20 октября 1964 г. Нью-Йорк , Нью-Йорк, США | 1921, 1933, 1941, [211] 1946 | 31-й президент США (1929–1933) [212] | |
1922 | |||||
Фритьоф Нансен [а] | 10 октября 1861 г. Осло , Норвегия | 13 мая 1930 г. Форнебо , Норвегия | 1922 , 1923 | Лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1922 года. [213] | |
Роберт Сесил, первый виконт Сесил Челвудский [нет] | 14 сентября 1864 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 24 ноября 1958 г. Дейнхилл , Великобритания | 1922, [149] 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1935, 1937 | Лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1937 года. [214] | |
Эдвард Грей, первый виконт Грей из Фаллодона [ej] | 25 апреля 1862 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 7 сентября 1933 г. Фаллодон , Великобритания | 1922 | [215] | |
Ганс Виктор Клаузен | 14 января 1861 г. Оденсе , Дания | 7 октября 1937 г. Копенгаген , Дания | 1922 | [216] | |
Эглантайн Джебб | 25 августа 1876 г. Элсмир , Великобритания | 17 декабря 1928 г. Женева , Швейцария | 1922 | [217] | |
Дэвид Ллойд Джордж | 17 января 1863 г. Чорлтон-он-Медлок , Великобритания | 26 марта 1945 г. Лланистумдви , Великобритания | 1922 | Премьер-министр Соединенного Королевства (1916–1922) [218] Совместно номинирован, но Гриффит умер, не успев получить единственный шанс получить награду. Президент Дайля Эйрианна (1922) [219] | |
Артур Гриффит | 31 марта 1871 г. Дублин , Ирландия, Великобритания | 12 августа 1922 г. Дублин , Ирландия, Великобритания | |||
Жак Дюма | 1868 Париж , Франция | 1945 Париж , Франция | 1922 | [220] Совместно с Фридрихом Вильгельмом Ферстером. [221] | |
Жюль Жан Прюдоммо | 2 ноября 1869 г. Шевенн , Франция | 20 декабря 1948 г. Версаль , Франция | |||
Кнут Ялмар Леонард Хаммаршельд | 4 февраля 1862 г. Тунец, Виммербю , Швеция | 12 октября 1953 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1922 | [149] | |
Уоррен Гамалиэль Хардинг [Я] | 2 ноября 1865 г. Блуминг Гроув , Огайо, США | 2 августа 1923 г. Сан-Франциско , Калифорния, США | 1922, 1923 | 29-й президент США (1921–1923) [222] | |
Джон Мейнард Кейнс [он] | 5 июня 1883 г. Кембридж , Великобритания | 21 апреля 1946 г. Сассекс , Великобритания | 1922, 1923, 1924 | [223] | |
Франческо Саверио Нитти [в] | 19 июля 1868 г. Мелфи , Италия | 20 февраля 1953 г. Рим , Италия | 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926 | Премьер-министр Италии (1919–1920) [224] | |
Барон Альберик Ролен-Жакемин [в] | 1843 Гент , Бельгия | 1937 Гент , Бельгия | 1922, [149] 1923, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 | [225] | |
Эльза Брендстрем Улих [там] | 26 марта 1888 г. Санкт-Петербург , Российская Империя | 4 марта 1948 г. Бостон , Массачусетс, США | 1922, 1923, 1928, 1929 | [226] | |
Чарльз Эванс Хьюз [эп] | 11 апреля 1862 г. Гленс-Фолс , Нью-Йорк, США | 27 августа 1948 г. Остервилл , Массачусетс, США | 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1929 | [227] | |
Пол Хайманс [экв] | 23 марта 1865 г. Иксель , Бельгия | 8 марта 1941 г. Ницца , Виши, Франция | 1922, 1937 | [228] | |
Карл Альберт Линдхаген [является] | 17 декабря 1860 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 11 марта 1946 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940 [229] | [230] | |
1923 - в этом году премия не присуждена. | |||||
Зет Хёглунд | 29 апреля 1884 г. Гетеборг , Швеция | 13 августа 1956 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1923 | [231] | |
Генри Макартни | 15 сентября 1867 г. Арма , Великобритания | 21 мая 1957 г. Декото , Калифорния, США | 1923 | [232] | |
Аксель Свенссон | ? Швеция | ? Швеция | 1923 | [233] | |
Фредерик Ферьер [является] | 9 декабря 1848 г. Женева , Швейцария | 14 июня 1924 г. Женева , Швейцария | 1923, 1924 | [234] | |
Аксель Теодор Адельсвард [И] | 13 октября 1860 г. Флен , Швеция | 29 сентября 1929 г. Отвидаберг , Швеция | 1923, 1928 | [235] | |
Андре Вайс [Евросоюз] | 30 сентября 1858 г. Мюлуз , Франция | 31 августа 1928 г. Гаага , Нидерланды | 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 | [236] | |
1924 - в этом году премия не присуждена. | |||||
Юджин Виктор Дебс [этот] | 5 ноября 1855 г. Терре-Хот , Индиана, США | 20 октября 1926 г. Элмхерст , Иллинойс, США | 1924 | [237] | |
Эдмунд Дин Морель [Вон тот] | 10 июля 1873 г. Париж , Франция | 12 ноября 1924 г. Девон , Великобритания | 1924 | [238] | |
Эдвард Ламберт | 22 мая 1866 г. Майен , Франция | 22 октября 1947 г. Лион , Франция | 1924 | [239] | |
Раймундо Тейшейра Мендес [бывший] | 5 января 1855 г. Кашиас , Бразилия | 1927 Рио-де-Жанейро , Бразилия | 1924 | [240] | |
Ага Хан III [эй] | 2 ноября 1877 г. Карачи , Британская Индия | 11 июля 1957 г. Версуа , Швейцария | 1924, 1925 | [241] | |
Поль Фошиль [нет] | 11 февраля 1858 г. Лоос , Франция | 9 февраля 1926 г. Фонтене-о-Роз , Франция | 1924, 1926 | [242] | |
Джованни Папини | 29 января 1881 г. Флоренция , Италия | 8 июля 1956 г. Флоренция , Италия | 1924, 1926 | Номинирован на Нобелевскую премию по литературе. [243] | |
Принц Карл, герцог Вестергётланд [но] | 27 февраля 1861 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 24 октября 1951 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1924, 1928, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1937 | [244] | |
Джон Хартман Морган [фб] | 20 марта 1876 г. Катерхэм , Великобритания | 8 апреля 1955 г. Ройал Вуттон Бассетт , Великобритания | 1924, 1947, 1948 | [245] | |
1925 г. - Премия присуждена годом позже. | |||||
Фердинанд Бюиссон [ФК] | 20 декабря 1841 г. Париж , Франция | 16 февраля 1932 г. Тьёлуа-Сен-Антуан , Франция | 1925, 1927 | Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1927 года с Людвигом Квидде . [246] | |
Нильс Петерсен | 1858 Копенгаген , Дания | 1933 Копенгаген , Дания | 1925 | [247] | |
Густав Уокер | 21 апреля 1868 г. Вена , Австро-Венгрия | 1 января 1944 г. Вена , нацистская Германия. | 1925 | [248] | |
Рамзи Макдональд [фд] | 12 октября 1866 г. Лоссимут , Великобритания | 9 ноября 1937 г. на борту MV Reina del Pacifico | 1925, 1929, 1930, 1931 | Премьер-министр Соединенного Королевства (1924–1924, 1929–1935) [249] | |
Хельмут фон Герлах [фе] | 2 февраля 1866 г. Винско , Волув, Прусское королевство | 1 августа 1935 г. Париж , Франция | 1925, [250] 1933 | [251] | |
Анри Демон [фф] | 16 июня 1877 г. Уаза , Франция | 20 февраля 1959 г. Париж , Франция | 1925, 1950, 1952, 1955 | [252] [253] | |
1926 | |||||
Остин Чемберлен [фг] | 16 октября 1863 г. Бирмингем , Великобритания | 16 марта 1937 г. Лондон , Великобритания | 1926 | [254] Разделили Нобелевскую премию мира 1925 года, но были награждены в следующем году. [255] | |
Чарльз Гейтс Доус [фх] | 27 августа 1865 г. Мариетта , Огайо, США | 23 апреля 1951 г. Эванстон , Иллинойс, США | 1926 | ||
Аристид Бриан [быть] | 28 марта 1862 г. Нант , Франция | 7 марта 1932 г. Париж , Франция | 1926 , 1931, 1932 [256] | Премьер-министр Франции (1909–1917, 1921–1922, 1925–1926, 1929) [257] Разделил Нобелевскую премию мира 1926 года. Канцлер Германии (1923) [258] | |
Густав Штреземанн [фдж] | 10 мая 1878 г. Берлин , Германская империя | 3 октября 1929 г. Берлин , Германия | 1926 | ||
Натан Седерблом [фк] | 15 января 1866 г. Уппсала , Швеция | 12 июля 1931 г. Уппсала , Швеция | 1926, 1929, 1930 | Лауреат Нобелевской премии мира 1930 года. [259] | |
Освальд Бальцер | 23 января 1858 г. Ходорув , Австрийская империя | 11 января 1933 г. Lviv , Советский Союз | 1926 | [260] | |
Карлос Медина Чиринос [в] | ? Венесуэла | ? Венесуэла | 1926 | [261] | |
Франсуа Давид | ? | ? | 1926 | [262] | |
Гарри Граф Кесслер | 23 мая 1868 г. Париж , Франция | 30 ноября 1937 г. Лион , Франция | 1926 | [263] | |
Ганс Лютер [фм] | 10 марта 1879 г. Берлин , Германская империя | 11 мая 1962 г. Дюссельдорф , Западная Германия | 1926 | Канцлер Германии (1925–1926). [264] | |
Карлос Франсиско Мело Фернандес | 1873 Диаманте, Энтре-Риос , Аргентина | 2 октября 1931 г. Буэнос-Айрес , Аргентина | 1926 | [265] | |
Веспасиан Пелла | 17 января 1897 г. Бухарест , Румыния | 24 августа 1952 г. Нью-Йорк , Нью-Йорк, США | 1926 | [266] | |
Сибусава Эйити [фн] | 16 марта 1840 г. Фукая, Сайтама , Япония. | 11 ноября 1931 г. Токио , Япония | 1926, 1927 | [267] | |
Николаос Сократ Политис [фо] | 1872 Греция | 1942 Франция | 1926, 1927, 1928, 1930 | [268] | |
Эдвард Бенеш [фп] | 28 мая 1884 г. Кожланы , Моравия, Австро-Венгрия | 3 сентября 1948 г. Сезимово Усти , Чехословакия. | 1926, 1927, 1938, 1939, 1945, 1947, 1948 | 2-й и 4-й президент Чехословакии (1935–1938; 1945–1948). [269] | |
1927 | |||||
Эмилио Кальдара | 20 января 1868 г. Сорезина , Италия | 31 октября 1942 г. Милан , Италия | 1927 | [270] | |
Джузеппе Мотта [фк] | 29 декабря 1871 г. Айроло , Швейцария | 23 января 1940 г. Берн , Швейцария | 1927, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1938 | [271] | |
Джеймс Томсон Шотвелл [фр] | 6 августа 1874 г. Стратрой , Онтарио, Канада | 15 июля 1965 г. Вудсток , Нью-Йорк, США | 1927, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 | [272] | |
Макс Хубер [фс] | 21 декабря 1874 г. Цюрих , Швейцария | 1 января 1960 г. Цюрих , Швейцария | 1927, 1933, 1953, 1957, 1960 [273] | [274] | |
Восточный Унден [футы] | 25 августа 1886 г. Карлстад , Швеция | 14 января 1974 г. Стокгольм , Швеция | 1927, 1966, 1967 | [275] | |
1928 - в этом году премия не присуждена. | |||||
Джованни Чираоло | 24 мая 1873 г. Реджо-ди-Калабрия , Италия | 5 октября 1954 г. Рим , Италия | 1928 | [276] | |
Огюст-Анри Форель | 1 сентября 1848 г. Морж , Швейцария | 27 июля 1931 г. Иворн , Швейцария | 1928 | Номинирован также на Нобелевскую премию по физиологии и медицине. [277] | |
Роберт Баден-Пауэлл, первый барон Баден-Пауэлл [был] | 22 февраля 1857 г. Паддингтон , Великобритания | 8 января 1941 г. Боль , Кенийская колония | 1928, 1933, 1937, 1938, 1939 | [278] | |
1929 г. - Премия присуждена годом позже. | |||||
Фрэнк Биллингс Келлог [фв] | 22 декабря 1856 г. Потсдам , Нью-Йорк, США | 21 декабря 1937 г. Сент-Пол , Миннесота, США | 1929 , 1930 | Выиграл Нобелевскую премию мира 1929 года , но был присужден в следующем году. [279] | |
Северин Кристенсен [фв] | 19 марта 1867 г. Рённе , Дания | 19 января 1933 г. Рённе , Дания | 1929 | [280] | |
Ицхак ха-Леви Херцог [FX] | 3 декабря 1888 г. Ломза , Российская Империя. | 25 июля 1959 г. Иерусалим , Израиль | 1929 | [281] | |
Bernard Loder[fy] | September 13, 1849 Амстердам , Нидерланды | November 4, 1935 Гаага , Нидерланды | 1929 | [282] | |
Čeněk Slepánek | June 20, 1878 Suchdol, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary | October 21, 1944 Kojetín, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | 1929 | [283] | |
Salmon Levinson[fz] | December 29, 1865 Noblesville, Indiana, United States | February 2, 1941 Chicago, Illinois, United States | 1929, 1930 | [284] | |
Hans Peter Hanssen[ga] | February 21, 1862 Sundeved, Denmark | May 27, 1936 Aabenraa, Denmark | 1929, 1930, 1932 | [285] | |
Marc Sangnier | April 3, 1873 Paris, France | May 28, 1950 Paris, France | 1929, 1932 | [286] | |
Édouard Herriot[gb] | July 5, 1872 Troyes, France | March 26, 1957 Lyon, France | 1929, 1933 | Prime Minister of France (1924–1925, 1926, 1932)[287] | |
Nicholas Roerich | October 19, 1874 Saint Petersburg, Russiam Empire | December 13, 1947 Naggar, India | 1929, 1933, 1935 | [288] | |
Gustaf Roos[gc] | September 6, 1859 Karlskrona, Sweden | January 19, 1938 Stockholm, Sweden | 1929, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937 | [289] |
1930–1939
[edit]Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1930 | |||||
Nicholas Murray Butler[gd] | April 2, 1862 Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States | December 7, 1947 New York City, New York, United States | 1930, 1931 | Shared the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize with Jane Addams.[290] | |
Albert Schweitzer[ge] | January 14, 1875 Kaysersberg Vignoble, France | September 4, 1965 Lambarene, Gabon | 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1950, 1952, 1953 | Won the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year. Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[291] | |
James Chapple | August 23, 1865 Rockhampton, Queensland Colony | April 8, 1947 Auckland, New Zealand | 1930 | [292] | |
Gustav Adolf Deissmann[gf] | November 7, 1866 Langenscheid, Kingdom of Prussia | April 5, 1937 Zossen, Nazi Germany | 1930 | [293] | |
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo | November 3, 1877 Linares, Chile | April 28, 1960 Santiago, Chile | 1930 | 19th and 25th President of Chile (1927–1931, 1952–1958)[294] Nominated jointly[gg] 40th President of Peru (1919–1930)[295] | |
Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo | February 19, 1863 Lambayeque, Peru | February 6, 1932 Callao, Peru | |||
Mario Leuzzi | ? Italy | ? Italy | 1930 | [296] | |
Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere | April 26, 1868 London, United Kingdom | November 26, 1940 Bermuda | 1930 | [297] | |
Samuel Colcord Bartlett[gh] | November 25, 1817 Salisbury, New Hampshire, United States | November 16, 1898 Hanover, New Hampshire, United States | 1930, 1931 | [298] | |
P. B. de Ville | ? South Africa | ? South Africa | 1930, 1932 | [299] | |
Efisio Giglio-Tos[gi] | January 2, 1870 Turin, Italy | January 6, 1941 Turin, Italy | 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1938 | [300] | |
Paul von Schoenaich[gj] | February 16, 1886 Trumiejki, German Empire | January 7, 1951 Reinfeld, West Germany | 1930, 1931, 1933, 1947, 1948 | [301] | |
Hans Wehberg[gk] | December 15, 1885 Düsseldorf, German Empire | May 30, 1962 Geneva, Switzerland | 1930, 1939, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952 | [302] | |
Salvador de Madariaga[gl] | July 23, 1886 A Coruña, Spain | December 14, 1978 Muralto, Switzerland | 1930, 1936, 1952, 1953, 1965 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[303][304] | |
Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze[gm] | June 14, 1885 Görlitz, German Empire | July 11, 1969 Soest, West Germany | 1930, 1969 | [305] | |
1931 | |||||
Arthur Henderson[gn] | September 13, 1863 Glasgow, United Kingdom | October 20, 1935 London, United Kingdom | 1931, 1933, 1934 | Won the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.[306] | |
Dionisio Anzilotti[go] | February 20, 1867 Pescia, Italy | August 23, 1950 Pescia, Italy | 1931 | [307] | |
Didrik Nyholm[gp] | June 21, 1858 Randers, Denmark | August 31, 1931 Copenhagen, Denmark | 1931 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[308] | |
Edward Price Bell | March 1, 1869 Terre Haute, Indiana, United States | September 12, 1943 Pass Christian, Mississippi, United States | 1931 | [309] | |
Annie Wood Besant[gq] | October 1, 1847 Clapham, United Kingdom | September 20, 1933 Adyar, Chennai, British India | 1931 | [310] | |
Erich Maria Remarque[gr] | June 22, 1898 Osnabrück, German Empire | September 25, 1970 Locarno, Switzerland | 1931 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[311] | |
André Lalande[gs] | July 19, 1867 Dijon, France | November 15, 1963 Asnières-sur-Seine, France | 1931 | [312] | |
Georg Bonne | August 12, 1859 Hamburg (independent city state) | May 1, 1945 Hamburg, Nazi Germany | 1931, 1933 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[313] | |
Gerrit Jan Heering[gt] | March 15, 1879 Pasuruan, Dutch East Indies | August 18, 1955 Leiden, Netherlands | 1931, 1932, 1933 | [314] | |
Peter Rochegune Munch[gu] | July 25, 1870 Redsted, Denmark | January 12, 1948 Copenhagen, Denmark | 1931, 1933, 1934 | [315] | |
Étienne Clémentel[gv] | March 29, 1864 Clermont-Ferrand, France | December 25, 1936 Prompsat, France | 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 | [316] | |
Adolf Damaschke | November 24, 1865 Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia | July 30, 1935 Berlin, Nazi Germany | 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935 | [317] | |
Louis Edouard Demey | July 29, 1876 Sint-Michiels, Belgium | February 19, 1943 Bruges, Belgium | 1931, 1935 | [318] | |
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair[gw] | March 15, 1857 London, United Kingdom | April 18, 1939 Rubislaw, United Kingdom | 1931, 1932, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [319][320] | |
Peter Tomaschek | July 11, 1882 Szeretvásár, Austria-Hungary | December 1, 1940 Siret, Romania | 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [321] | |
Martial Justin Verraux[gx] | November 6, 1855 Paris, France | April 28, 1939 Paris, France | 1931 | [322] | |
Mariano Hilario Cornejo Zenteno[gy] | October 28, 1866 Arequipa, Peru | March 25, 1942 Paris, German-occupied France | 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940[323] | [324] | |
Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi[gz] | November 16, 1894 Tokyo, Japan | July 27, 1972 Schruns, Austria | 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1940,[325] 1941,[326] 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1972 | [327] | |
1932 - this year Prize was not awarded | |||||
Herbert Runham Brown[ha] | June 27, 1879 Redhill, Surrey, United Kingdom | 1949 United States | 1932 | [328] | |
Raoul Dandurand | November 4, 1861 Montreal, Quebec, Canada | March 11, 1942 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | 1932 | [329] | |
Christian Frederick Heerfordt[hb] | December 26, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark | November 3, 1953 Copenhagen, Denmark | 1932 | [330] | |
Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek[hc] | August 21, 1874 The Hague, Netherlands | March 29, 1942 The Hague, Netherlands | 1932 | [331] | |
Raja Mahendra Pratap[hd] | December 1, 1886 Mursan, Uttar Pradesh, British India | April 29, 1979 Madras, Tamil Nadu, India | 1932 | [332] | |
Constantin Stameschkine | December 18, 1874 Liepāja, Russian Empire | May 18, 1934 Brussels, Belgium | 1932 | [333] | |
Georg Streit | ? Greece | ? Greece | 1932 | [334] | |
Knut Sandstedt | ? Sweden | ? Sweden | 1932, 1933 | [335] | |
Vittorio Scialoja[he] | April 24, 1856 Turin, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia | November 19, 1933 Rome, Italy | 1932, 1933 | [336] | |
Alejandro Álvarez[hf] | February 9, 1868 Santiago, Chile | July 19, 1960 Paris, France | 1932, 1933, 1934 | [337] | |
Rafael Erich | June 10, 1879 Turku, Russian Empire | February 19, 1946 Helsinki, Finland | 1932, 1933, 1934, 1940[338] | 6th Prime Minister of Finland (1920–1921)[339] | |
Pierre Laval[hg] | June 28, 1883 Châteldon, Puy-de-Dôme, France | October 15, 1945 Fresnes, Val-de-Marne, France | 1932, 1936 | Prime Minister of France (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1942–1944)[340] | |
John Bassett Moore | December 3, 1860 Smyrna, Delaware, United States | November 12, 1947 New York City, New York, United States | 1932, 1936, 1938 | [341] | |
Alexandros Papanastasiou[hh] | July 8, 1876 Tripoli, Kingdom of Greece | November 17, 1936 Athens, Greece | 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936 | Prime Minister of Greece (1924, 1932)[342] | |
1933 - Prize has been awarded a year later | |||||
Victor Basch | August 18, 1863 Budapest, Hungary, Austrian Empire | January 10, 1944 Neyron, Ain, Vichy France | 1933 | [343] | |
Arthur Charles Frederick Beales | 1905 London, United Kingdom | August 16, 1974 London, United Kingdom | 1933 | [344] | |
Margit Antonia Bárczy[hi] | November 29, 1877 Budapest, Austria-Hungary | March 26, 1877 Paris, France | 1933 | [345] | |
Rinaldo Dohrn[hj] | March 13, 1880 Naples, Italy | December 14, 1962 Rome, Italy | 1933 | [346] | |
Friedrich Philip Kiehl | ? France | ? France | 1933 | [347] | |
Louis Erasme Le Fur | October 17, 1870 Pontivy, Morbihan, France | February 23, 1943 Paris, German-occupied France | 1933 | [348] | |
Macellus Donald Alexander Redlich | August 15, 1893 Budapest, Austria-Hungary | June 24, 1946 Chicago, Illinois, United States | 1933 | [349] | |
Michael Blümelhuber | September 23, 1865 Steyr, Austrian Empire | January 29, 1936 Steyr, Austria | 1933, 1934 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[350] | |
Karl Drexel | July 21, 1872 Dornbirn, Vorarlberg, Austria-Hungary | March 14, 1954 Dornbirn, Vorarlberg, Allied-occupied Austria | 1933, 1934 | [351] | |
Fredrik Norman | ? Sweden | ? Sweden | 1933, 1934 | [352] | |
I. A. Davidson | ? France | ? France | 1933, 1935 | [353] | |
Karl Strupp | March 30, 1886 Gotha, Thuringia, German Empire | February 28, 1940 Chatou, Yvelines, France | 1933, 1935 | [354] | |
Manley Ottmer Hudson[hk] | May 19, 1886 St. Peters, Missouri, United States | April 13, 1960 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States | 1933, 1951 | [355] | |
1934 | |||||
Andreo Cseh[hl] | 12 September 1895 Marosludas, Austria-Hungary | 9 March 1979 The Hague, Netherlands | 1934 | [356] | |
Paul Desjardins | 22 November 1859 Paris, France | 13 March 1940 Pontigny, Yonne, France | 1934 | [357] | |
Hans Driesch | 28 October 1867 Bad Kreuznach, Kingdom of Prussia | 17 April 1941 Leipzig, Saxony, Nazi Germany | 1934 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[358] | |
Gabriel Hanotaux | 19 November 1853 Beaurevoir, Aisne, France | 11 April 11, 1944 Paris, German-occpupied France | 1934 | [359] | |
Hermann Kantorowicz | 18 November 1877 Poznań, German Empire | 12 February 1940 Cambridge, United Kingdom | 1934 | [360] | |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | ca. 1881 Thessaloniki, Ottoman Empire (present-day Greece) | 10 November 1938 Istanbul, Turkey | 1934 | 1st President of Turkey (1923–1938)[361] | |
Peter Manniche | 21 October 1889 Ølsted, Denmark | 15 February 1981 Helsingør, Denmark | 1934 | [362] | |
Józef Piłsudski[hm] | 5 December 1867 Zalavas, Švenčionys, Russian Empire | 12 May 1935 Warsaw, Poland | 1934 | [363] | |
Gabriel Terra | 1 August 1873 Montevideo, Uruguay | 15 September 1942 Montevideo, Uruguay | 1934 | 40th President of Uruguay (1931–1938)[364] | |
Moisés Vieites[hn] | 1881 Havana, Cuba | ? Havana, Cuba | 1934 | [365] | |
Constansis Vigil | ? Nicaragua | ? Nicaragua | 1934 | [366] | |
Hans Kelsen[ho] | 11 October 1881 Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary | 19 April 1973 Berkeley, California, United States | 1934, 1936 | [367] | |
Ivan Nikolaevich Efremov[hp] | 18 January 1866 Kharkiv, Russian Empire | 13 January 1945 Paris, France | 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [368] | |
Hari Mohan Banerjee[hq] | ? British India | September 3, 1960 Kolkata, India | 1934, 1936, 1938 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature.[369] | |
Franklin Delano Roosevelt[hr] | 30 January 1882 Hyde Park, New York, United States | 12 April 1945 Warm Springs, Georgia, United States | 1934, 1938, 1939, 1940,[370] 1941,[371] 1945 | 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945)[372] | |
Jorge Hernàndez Lillo Jedetzky | ? Chile | ? Chile | 1934, 1937, 1948, 1949 | [373][374] | |
Gilbert Murray[hs] | 2 January 1866 Sydney, Colony of New South Wales | 20 May 1957 Boars Hill, Oxford, United Kingdom | 1934, 1956 | [375] | |
1935 - Prize has been awarded a year later | |||||
Carl von Ossietzky[ht] | 3 October 1889 Hamburg, German Empire | 4 May 1938 Berlin, Nazi Germany | 1935, 1936, 1937[376] | Won the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned and was refused a passport by the government of Germany.[377] | |
Carlos Saavedra Lamas[hu] | 1 November 1878 Buenos Aires, Argentina | 5 May 1959 Buenos Aires, Argentina | 1935, 1936, 1937[378] | Won the 1936 Nobel Peace Prize.[379] | |
Miguel Ángel Araújo | 1858 Jucuapa, Usulután, El Salvador | 2 August 1942 San Salvador, El Salvador | 1935 | [380] | |
Janet Miller (prob. Janet Morison Miller (1891–1946)) | ? United States | ? United States | 1935 | [381] | |
Benito Mussolini | 29 July 1883 Predappio, Forlì-Cesena, Italy | 28 April 1945 Giulino, Como, Italy | 1935 | Prime Minister of Italy (1922–1943)[382] | |
Samuel Harden Church | 24 January 1858 Hamilton, Missouri, United States | 11 October 1943 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States | 1935, 1936 | [383] | |
Alfred Edward Evershed[hv] | 22 April 1870 Littlehampton, West Sussex, United Kingdom | 31 May 1941 Launceston, Tasmania, Australia | 1935, 1936 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature.[384] | |
Heinrich Küster | 16 August 1870 Hanover, Kingdom of Prussia | 1 July 1956 Görlitz, East Germany | 1935, 1937[385] | [386] | |
Justin Godart | 26 November 1871 Lyon, France | 12 December 1956 Paris, France | 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938 | [387] | |
Afrânio de Melo Franco[hw] | 25 February 1870 Paracatu, Minas Gerais, Brazil | 1 January 1943 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 1935, 1937, 1938 | [388] | |
Julie Bikle | 8 January 1871 Lucerne, Switzerland | 11 May 1962 Winterthur, Switzerland | 1935, 1936, 1937, 1940[389] | [390] | |
1936 | |||||
Cordell Hull[hx] | 2 October 1871 Olympus, Tennessee, United States | 23 July 1955 Washington, D.C., United States | 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940,[391] 1941,[392] 1945 | Won the 1945 Nobel Peace Prize.[393] | |
Henri Bonnet | 26 May 1888 Châteauponsac, Haute-Vienne, France | 25 October 1978 Paris, France | 1936 | [394] | |
Pierre de Coubertin[hy] | 1 January 1863 Paris, France | 2 September 1937 Geneva, Switzerland | 1936 | [395] | |
Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood[hz] | 24 February 1880 London, United Kingdom | 7 May 1959 London, United Kingdom | 1936 | [396] | |
Moina Belle Michael[ia] | 15 August 1869 Good Hope, Georgia, United States | 10 May 1944 Athens, Georgia, United States | 1936 | [397] | |
Arthur MacDonald | ? United States | ? United States | 1936 | [398] | |
Cairoli Gigliotti | 1872 Italy | 1946 Italy | 1936 | [399] | |
René Millet | ? Marseille, France | ? Marseille, France | 1936 | [400] | |
John Alfred Morehead[ib] | 4 February 1867 Pulaski, Virginia, United States | 1 June 1936 New York City, New York, United States | 1936 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[401] | |
Alfred Ploetz[ic] | 22 August 1860 Świnoujście, Kingdom of Prussia | 20 March 20, 1940 Herrsching, Upper Bavaria, Nazi Germany | 1936 | [402] | |
Max Reinhardt | 9 September 1873 Baden bei Wien, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary | 31 October 1943 New York City, New York, United States | 1936 | [403] | |
Sténio Vincent[id] | 22 February 1874 Port-au-Prince, Haiti | 3 September 1959 Port-au-Prince, Haiti | 1936, 1937[404] | 28th President of Haiti (1930–1941)[405] | |
Rafael Trujillo[ie] | 24 October 1891 San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic | 30 May 1961 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 1936, 1937[404] | 3rd and 6th President of the Dominican Republic (1930–1938, 1942–1952)[406] | |
Irma Schweitzer-Meyer[if] | 20 January 1882 Baden, Switzerland | 4 July 1967 Zürich, Switzerland | 1936, 1937 | [407] | |
Francesco Consentini | 1870 Benevento, Italy | 1944 Rome, Italy | 1936, 1937, 1938 | [408] | |
1937 | |||||
Stanley Bruce[ig] | 15 April 1883 St. Kilda, Victoria Colony | 25 August 1967 London, United Kingdom | 1937 | 8th Prime Minister of Australia (1923–1929)[409] | |
Joaquím Cases-Carbó[ih] | 22 February 1858 Barcelona, Spain | 10 May 1943 Barcelona, Spain | 1937 | [410] | |
Edo Fimmen[ii] | 18 June 1881 Nieuwer-Amstel, North Holland, Netherlands | 14 December 1942 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico | 1937 | [411] | |
Nils August Nilsson | 13 February 1860 Kristianstad, Sweden | 2 November 1940 Örebro, Sweden | 1937 | [412] | |
Henrietta Szold[ij] | 21 December 1860 Baltimore, Maryland, United States | 13 February 1945 Jerusalem, Mandate Palestine | 1937 | [413] | |
George Saint-Paul | 17 April 1870 Montigny-lès-Metz, Moselle, France | 11 February 1958 Genillé, Indre-et-Loire, France | 1937 | [414] | |
Henri Golay | 1867 Switzerland | 1950 Switzerland | 1937, 1938, 1939 | [415] | |
Nalini Kumar Mukherjee[ik] | ? India | ? India | 1937, 1938, 1939 | [416] | |
Mahatma Gandhi[il] | 2 October 1869 Porbandar, Gujarat, British India | 30 January 1948 New Delhi, India | 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948 | [417] | |
1938 | |||||
Léon Jouhaux[im] | 1 July 1879 Paris, France | 28 April 1954 Paris, France | 1938, 1939, 1951 | Won the 1951 Nobel Peace Prize.[418] | |
Charles Bernard | ? United States | ? United States | 1938 | [419] | |
William Ferris[in] | ? Cork, Ireland | ? Cork, Ireland | 1938 | [420] | |
Princess Henriette of Belgium | 30 November 1870 Brussels, Belgium | 28 March 1948 Sierre, Switzerland | 1938 | [421] | |
Karl Kautsky[io] | 16 October 1854 Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire | 17 October 1938 Amsterdam, Netherlands | 1938 | [422] | |
Ernst Laur | 27 March 1871 Basel, Switzerland | 30 May 1962 Effingen, Switzerland | 1938 | [423] | |
W. Gregory Paull | ? United Kingdom | ? United Kingdom | 1938 | [424] | |
Hugh Richard Lawrie Sheppard | 2 September 1880 Greater London, United Kingdom | 31 October 1937 London, United Kingdom | 1938 | Posthumously nominated.[425] | |
Pierre Cérésole[ip] | 17 August 1879 Lausanne, Switzerland | 23 October 1945 Lausanne, Switzerland | 1938, 1939, 1940[426] | [427] | |
Haile Selassie[iq] | 23 July 1892 Ejersa Goro, Ethiopia | 27 August 1975 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | 1938, 1964 | Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)[428] | |
1939 - this year Prize was not awarded | |||||
Carrie Chapman Catt[ir] | 9 January 1859 Ripon, Wisconsin, United States | 9 March 1947 New Rochelle, New York, United States | 1939 | [429] | |
Adolf Hitler[is] | 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, Upper Austria, Austria-Hungary | 30 April 1945 Berlin, Nazi Germany | 1939 | Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)[430] | |
Robert Jacquinot de Besange | 15 March 1878 Saintes, Charente-Maritime, France | 10 September 1946 Berlin, Allied-occupied Germany | 1939 | [431] | |
Pope Pius XI | 31 May 1857 Desio, Monza e Brianza Italy | 10 February 1939 Vatican City | 1939 | 259th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church (1922–1939) Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[432] | |
François-Joseph Troubat | 6 May 1874 Montluçon, Allier, France | 28 March 1968 Montluçon, Allier, France | 1939 | [433] | |
Neville Chamberlain[it] | 18 March 1869 Birmingham, United Kingdom | 9 November 1940 Heckfield, United Kingdom | 1939, 1940[434] | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1937–1940)[435] Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. |
1940–1949
[edit]Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1940 | |||||
Stanley Jacob Cantor | May 25, 1888 St Kilda, Victoria Colony | 1964 Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia | 1940 | Nominated the only time by W. Everwed (Australia).[436] | |
George Lansbury | February 22, 1859 Halesworth, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom | May 7, 1940 North London, England, United Kingdom | 1940 | [437] | |
Helene Stöcker | November 13, 1869 Wuppertal, Kingdom of Prussia | February 24, 1943 New York City, United States | 1940 | Nominated the only time by L.Quidde.[150] | |
1941-1943 - these years Prizes were not awarded | |||||
1944 - Prize has been awarded a year later | |||||
No new persons were nominated for the years 1941, 1942, 1943, and 1944 due to World War II | |||||
1945 | |||||
Winston Churchill[iu] | 30 November 1874 Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom | 24 January 1965 Kensington, United Kingdom | 1945, 1950 | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945, 1951–1955) Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature.[438] | |
Maxim Litvinov[iv] | 17 July 1876 Bialystok, Russian Empire | 31 December 1951 Moscow, Soviet Union | 1945 | [439] | |
Jan Smuts[iw] | 24 May 1870 Riebeeck West, Western Cape, South Africa | 11 September 1950 Irene, Gauteng, South Africa | 1945 | [440] | |
Joseph Stalin[ix] | 18 December 1878 Gori, Russian Empire | 5 March 1953 Kuntsevo, Soviet Union | 1945, 1948 | 4th Premier of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)[441] | |
Anthony Eden[iy] | 12 June 1897 Windlestone Hall, Rushyford, United Kingdom | 14 January 1977 Alvediston, Wiltshire, United Kingdom | 1945, 1955, 1956 | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1955–1957)[442] | |
1946 | |||||
Emily Greene Balch[iz] | 8 January 1867 Boston, Massachusetts, United States | 9 January 1961 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States | 1946 | Shared the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with John Raleigh Mott.[443] | |
Henri Hemont | ? France | ? France | 1946 | [444] | |
Ernest Williams | ? United Kingdom | ? United Kingdom | 1946 | [445] | |
Alexandra Kollontai[ja] | 31 March 1872 Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire | 9 March 1952 Moscow, Soviet Union | 1946, 1947 | [446] | |
Louis de Brouckère | 31 May 1870 Roeselare, Belgium | 3 June 1951 Brussels, Belgium | 1946, 1949, 1950, 1951 | [447] | |
1947 | |||||
John Boyd Orr[jb] | 23 September 1880 Kilmaurs, East Ayrshire, United Kingdom | 25 June 1971 Edzell, Angus, United Kingdom | 1947, 1949 | Won the 1949 Nobel Peace Prize.[448] | |
Natanael Beskow[jc] | 9 March 1865 Västervik, Sweden | 8 October 1953 Danderyd, Sweden | 1947 | [449] | |
Lionel Curtis[jd] | 7 May 1872 Little Eaton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom | 24 November 1955 Oxford, United Kingdom | 1947 | [450] | |
Carl Joachim Hambro | 5 January 1885 Bergen, Norway | 15 December 1964 Oslo, Norway | 1947 | [451] | |
Paul Percy Harris | 19 April 1868 Racine, Wisconsin, United States | 27 January 1947 Chicago, Illinois, United States | 1947 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[452] | |
Herbert Henry Lehman | 28 March 1878 Manhattan, New York, United States | 5 December 1963 New York City, New York, United States | 1947 | [453] | |
Alfred Eckhard Zimmern[je] | 26 January 1879 Surbiton, United Kingdom | 24 November 1957 Avon, Connecticut, United States | 1947 | [454] | |
Pope Pius XII[jf] | 2 March 1876 Rome, Italy | 9 October 1958 Castel Gandolfo, Italy | 1947, 1948 | 260th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.[455] | |
Georges Scelle[jg] | 19 March 1878 Avranches, Manche, France | 8 January 1961 Paris, France | 1947, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1955 | [456] | |
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt[jh] | 11 October 1884 New York City, New York, United States | 7 November 1962 Manhattan, New York, United States | 1947, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962 | [457] | |
Johannes Ude[ji] | 28 February 1874 Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See, Carinthia, Austria-Hungary | 7 July 1965 Grundlsee, Styria, Austria | 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 | [458] | |
1948 - this year Prize was not awarded | |||||
Oswaldo Aranha[jj] | 15 February 1894 Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil | 27 January 1960 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 1948 | [459] | |
Katharine Bruce Glasier[jk] | 25 September 1867 Stoke Newington, London, United Kingdom | 14 June 1950 Earby, Lancashire, United Kingdom | 1948 | [460] | |
Vyacheslav Molotov[jl] | 9 March 1890 Sovetsk, Russian Empire | 8 November 1986 Moscow, Soviet Union | 1948 | 3rd Premier of the Soviet Union (1930–1941)[461] | |
Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven[jm] | 13 April 1865 Havana, Cuba | 24 August 1951 Havana, Cuba | 1948, 1949 | [462] | |
José Gustavo Guerrero[jn] | 26 June 1876 San Salvador, El Salvador | 25 October 1958 Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France | 1948, 1949 | [463] | |
Karl Renner[jo] | 14 December 1870 Dolní Dunajovice, Moravia, Austria-Hungary | 31 December 1950 Vienna, Allied-occupied Austria | 1948, 1949 | 3rd President of Austria (1945–1950)[464] | |
Raoul Wallenberg[jp] | 4 August 1912 Lidingö, Sweden | prob. 1947 Moscow, Soviet Union | 1948, 1949 | Posthumously nominated.[jq][465] | |
Ewing Cockrell[jr] | 28 May 1874 Warrensburg, Missouri, United States | 21 January 1962 Washington, D.C., United States | 1948, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 | [466] | |
Edgard Milhaud[js] | 14 April 1873 Nîmes, Gard, France | 4 September 1964 Barcelona, Spain | 1948, 1949, 1957 | [467] | |
Otto Lehmann-Russbüldt[jt] | 1 January 1873 Berlin, German Empire | 7 October 1964 West Berlin, West Germany | 1948, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 | [468] | |
Harry Truman[ju] | 8 May 1884 Lamar, Missouri, United States | 26 December 1972 Kansas City, Missouri, United States | 1948, 1950, 1953, 1966 | 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953)[469] | |
1949 | |||||
René Cassin[jv] | 5 October 1887 Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France | 20 February 1976 Paris, France | 1949, 1950, 1968 | Won the 1968 Nobel Peace Prize.[470][471] | |
Raphael Armattoe | 12 August 1913 Keta, Ghana Colony | 22 December 1953 Hamburg, West Germany | 1949 | [472] | |
Frank Ross McCoy[jw] | 29 October 1874 Lewiston, Pennsylvania, United States | 4 June 1954 Washington, D.C., United States | 1949 | [473] | |
Andrew Russell Pearson[jx] | 31 December 1897 Evanston, Illinois, United States | 1 September 1969 Washington, D.C., United States | 1949 | [474] | |
Juan Domingo Perón[jy] | 8 October 1895 Lobos, Buenos Aires, Argentina | 1 July 1974 Buenos Aires, Argentina | 1949 | President of Argentina (1946–1955; 1973–1974).[475] | |
María Eva Duarte Perón[jy] | 7 May 1919 Los Toldos, Argentina | 26 July 1952 Buenos Aires, Argentina | 1949 | Nominated the only time with husband Juan Perón.[476] | |
Miguel Cruchaga Tocornal[jz] | 4 May 1869 Santiago, Chile | 3 May 1949 Santiago, Chile | 1949 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[477] | |
Marcus Wald | ? South Africa | ? South Africa | 1949 | [478] | |
Maria Tecla Montessori[ka] | 31 August 1870 Chiaravalle, Ancona, Italy | 6 May 1952 Noordwijk, South Holland, Netherlands | 1949, 1950, 1951 | [479] |
1950–1959
[edit]Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | |||||
Ralph Bunche[kb] | August 7, 1904 Detroit, Michigan, United States | December 9, 1971 New York City, United States | 1950 | Won the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize.[480] | |
George Marshall[kc] | December 31, 1880 Uniontown, Pennsylvania, United States | October 16, 1959 Washington, D.C., United States | 1950, 1953 | Won the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize.[481] | |
Sri Aurobindo | August 15, 1872 Kolkata, West Bengal, British India | December 5, 1950 Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India | 1950 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[482] | |
Francis Carlisle | ? New Zealand | ? New Zealand | 1950 | [483] | |
Louis Häfliger[kd] | January 30, 1904 Zürich, Switzerland | February 15, 1993 Podbrezová, Slovakia | 1950 | [484] | |
Paul of Greece[ke] | December 14, 1901 Acharnes, Attica, Greece | March 6, 1964 Athens, Greece | 1950 | King of Greece ('the Hellenes') (1947–1964)[485] | |
Emery Reves[kf] | February 16, 1904 Bačko Gradište, Bečej, Serbia | October 4, 1981 Monte Carlo, Monaco | 1950 | [486] | |
Herbert Vere Evatt[kg] | April 30, 1894 East Maitland, Colony of New South Wales | November 2, 1965 Canberra, Australia | 1950, 1953 | [487] | |
André Trocmé[kh] | April 7, 1901 Saint-Quentin, Somme, France | June 5, 1971 Geneva, Switzerland | 1950,[488] 1955 | Nominated jointly with Wilhelm Mensching only.[489] | |
Wilhelm Mensching[kh] | October 5, 1887 Lauenhagen, German Empire | August 25, 1964 Stadthagen, Lower Saxony, West Germany | 1950,[488] 1955, 1960 | [490] | |
Raphael Lemkin[ki] | June 24, 1900 Bezvodno, Russian Empire | August 28, 1959 New York City, New York, United States | 1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959 | [491] | |
Jawaharlal Nehru[kj] | November 14, 1889 Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, British India | May 27, 1964 New Delhi, India | 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1961 | 1st Prime Minister of India (1950–1964)[492] | |
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan[kk] | September 5, 1888 Thiruttani, Tamil Nadu, British India | April 17, 1975 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India | 1950, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1966 | 2nd President of India (1962–1967) Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[493] | |
Sanjib Chaudhuri[kl] | ? India | ? India | 1950, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[494] | |
Walter Robert Corti[km] | September 11, 1910 Zürich, Switzerland | January 12, 1990 Winterthur, Switzerland | 1950, 1951, 1952, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1967 | [495] | |
Robert Maynard Hutchins[kn] | January 17, 1899 Brooklyn, New York, United States | May 17, 1977 Santa Barbara, California, United States | 1950, 1951, 1967 | [496][497] | |
Clarence Streit[ko] | January 21, 1896 California, Missouri, United States | July 6, 1986 Washington, D.C., United States | 1950, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1957, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973 | [498] | |
1951 | |||||
Michael Allawerdi[kp] | ? Syria | ? Syria | 1951 | [499] | |
Lucien Coquet | 1873 France | 1952 Pontoise, Val-d'Oise, France | 1951 | [500] | |
Allen Dobson[kq] | February 18, 1889 Nashville, Tennessee, United States | April 14, 1969 Nashville, Tennessee, United States | 1951 | [501] | |
H. C. Honegger[kr] | ? United States | ? United States | 1951 | [502] | |
Charles Cheney Hyde[ks] | May 22, 1873 Chicago, Illinois, United States | February 13, 1952 New York City, New York, United States | 1951 | [503] | |
Robert Jackson[kt] | February 13, 1892 Spring Creek Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania, United States | October 9, 1954 Washington, D.C., United States | 1951 | [504] | |
Emile Paulet[ku] | January 11, 1914 Nieuil, Charente, France | June 17, 2007 Saint-Junien, Haute-Vienne, France | 1951 | [505] | |
Hartley Shawcross[kv] | February 4, 1902 Giessen, German Empire | July 10, 2003 Cowbeech, Wealden, United Kingdom | 1951 | [506] | |
Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands[kw] | August 31, 1880 The Hague, Netherlands | November 28, 1962 Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands | 1951 | Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[507] | |
Louis Vauthier[kx] | July 20, 1887 Le Pâquier, Neuchâtel, Switzerland | March 18, 1963 Beauchamp, France | 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 | Another nominee (nominated in 1901) with the same surname have been merged with him at the nomination archive.[22] | |
Frank Buchman[ky] | June 4, 1878 Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, United States | August 7, 1961 Freudenstadt, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany | 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961 | [508] | |
Emile Dreyfus[kz] | January 26, 1881 Basel, Switzerland | April 28, 1965 Basel, Switzerland | 1951, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [509] | |
Trygve Lie[la] | July 16, 1896 Oslo, Norway | December 30, 1968 Geilo, Hol, Norway | 1951, 1955, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968 | 1st Secretary-General of the United Nations (1946–1952)[510][511] | |
1952 - Prize has been awarded a year later | |||||
Philip Noel-Baker[lb] | November 1, 1889 London, United Kingdom | October 8, 1982 London, United Kingdom | 1952, 1953, 1954, 1959 | Won the 1959 Nobel Peace Prize.[512] | |
Lester Bowles Pearson[lc] | April 23, 1897 Newtonbrook, Toronto, Canada | December 27, 1972 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | 1952, 1957 | 14th Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968) Won the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize.[513][514] | |
Louis St. Laurent | February 1, 1882 Compton, Quebec, Canada | July 25, 1973 Quebec City, Quebec, Canada | 1952 | 12th Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957) Nominated the only time with Lester B. Pearson.[515] | |
Giuseppe Antonio Borgese[ld] | November 24, 1882 Polizzi Generosa, Palermo, Italy | December 4, 1952 Florence, Italy | 1952 | [516] | |
Benegal Narsing Rau[le] | February 26, 1887 Mangalore, Karnataka, British India | November 30, 1953 Zürich, Switzerland | 1952 | [517] | |
Carlos Romulo[lf] | January 14, 1899 Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines | December 15, 1985 Manila, Philippines | 1952 | [518] | |
Henrique Vasconcellos[lg] | ? Brazil | ? Brazil | 1952 | [519] | |
Ada Barbara Waylen[lh] | 1906 United Kingdom | ? United Kingdom | 1952 | [520] | |
Miguel Alemán Valdés[li] | September 29, 1900 Sayula de Alemán, Veracruz, Mexico | May 14, 1983 Mexico City, Mexico | 1952, 1953 | 53rd President of Mexico (1946–1952)[521] | |
Lorenzo Fernandez Rodriguez[lj] | 1887 Chile | 1953 Chile | 1952, 1954, 1958 | [522] | |
Paul Geheeb[lk] | October 10, 1870 Geisa, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | May 1, 1961 Hasliberg, Switzerland | 1952, 1953, 1960 | [523] | |
Felix Kersten[ll] | September 30, 1898 Tartu, Russian Empire | April 16, 1960 Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany | 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 | [524][525] | |
Elisabeth Friederike Rotten[lm] | February 15, 1882 Berlin, German Empire | May 2, 1964 London, United Kingdom | 1952, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 | [526] | |
1953 | |||||
Eduardo Anze Matienzo[ln] | October 14, 1902 Cochabamba, Bolivia | 1960 Bolivia | 1953 | [527] | |
Léopold Boissier[lo] | July 16, 1893 Geneva, Switzerland | October 22, 1968 Geneva, Switzerland | 1953 | [528] | |
William Orville Douglas[lp] | October 16, 1898 Maine Township, Minnesota, United States | January 19, 1980 Bethesda, Maryland, United States | 1953 | [529] | |
James Warburg[lq] | August 18, 1896 Hamburg, German Empire | June 3, 1969 Washington, D.C., United States | 1953 | [530] | |
Raul Fernandes[lr] | October 24, 1877 Valença, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | January 6, 1968 Rio de Janeiro, United States | 1953, 1954 | [531] | |
Frank Porter Graham[ls] | October 14, 1886 Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States | February 16, 1972 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States | 1953, 1954 | [532] | |
Jean-Louis Paul-Boncour[lt] | July 30, 1898 Paris, France | January 2, 1973 Paris, France | 1953, 1954 | [533] | |
Alberto Lleras Camargo[lu] | July 3, 1906 Bogota, Colombia | January 4, 1990 Bogota, Colombia | 1953, 1954 | 20th President of Colombia (1958–1962)[534] | |
Cândido Rondon[lv] | May 5, 1865 Santo Antônio do Leverger, Mato Grosso, Brazil | April 19, 1958 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 1953, 1957 | [535] | |
Margaret Higgins Sanger[lw] | September 14, 1879 Corning, New York, United States | September 6, 1966 Tucson, Arizona, United States | 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1963 | [536] | |
Brock Chisholm[lx] | May 18, 1896 Oakville, Ontario, Canada | February 4, 1971 Victoria, British Columbia, Canada | 1953, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [537] | |
Josué de Castro[ly] | September 5, 1908 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil | September 24, 1973 Paris, France | 1953, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1970, 1973 | [538] | |
1954 - Prize has been awarded a year later | |||||
John Alexander Swettenham[lz] | 1920 Canada | 1980 Canada | 1954 | [539] | |
Helen Adams Keller[ma] | June 27, 1880 Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States | June 1, 1968 Easton, Connecticut, United States | 1954, 1958 | [540] | |
Toyohiko Kagawa[mb] | July 10, 1888 Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan | April 23, 1960 Tokyo, Japan | 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[541] | |
Clement Attlee[mc] | January 3, 1883 London, United Kingdom | October 8, 1967 London, United Kingdom | 1954, 1955, 1964 | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951)[542][543] | |
1955 - this year Prize was not awarded | |||||
Vincent Auriol[md] | August 27, 1884 Revel, Haute-Garonne, France | January 1, 1966 Paris, France | 1955 | 16th President of France (1947–1954)[544] | |
Gordon Rufus Clapp | October 28, 1905 Ellsworth, Wisconsin, United States | April 28, 1963 New York City, United States | 1955 | [545] | |
Clement Davies[me] | February 19, 1884 Llanfyllin, Powys, United Kingdom | March 23, 1962 London, United Kingdom | 1955 | [546] | |
John Foster Dulles | February 25, 1888 Washington, D.C., United States | May 24, 1959 Washington, D.C., United States | 1955 | [547] | |
Kazenizade Iranschär[mf] | ? Iran | ? Iran | 1955 | [548] | |
David Lilienthal | July 8, 1899 Morton, Illinois, United States | January 15, 1981 New York City, New York, United States | 1955 | [549] | |
Pierre Mendès France[mg] | January 11, 1907 Paris, France | October 18, 1982 Paris, France | 1955 | Prime Minister of France (1954–1955)[550] | |
Arthur Ernest Morgan | June 20, 1878 Hamilton County, Ohio, United States | November 16, 1975 Xenia, Ohio, United States | 1955 | [551] | |
Konrad Adenauer[mh] | January 5, 1876 Cologne, German Empire | April 19, 1967 Bad Honnef, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany | 1955, 1956 | 1st Chancellor of Germany (1949–1963)[552] | |
Gertrud Baer[mi] | November 25, 1890 Halberstadt, German Empire | December 15, 1981 Geneva, Switzerland | 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 | [553] | |
Dwight Eisenhower[mj] | October 14, 1890 Denison, Texas, United States | March 28, 1969 Washington, D.C., United States | 1955, 1957, 1960, 1963 | 34th President of the United States (1953–1961)[554] | |
William Tubman[mk] | November 29, 1895 Harper, Liberia | July 23, 1971 London, United Kingdom | 1955, 1964 | 19th President of Liberia (1944–1971)[555] | |
1956 - this year Prize was not awarded | |||||
Jules Rimet | October 14, 1873 Theuley, Haute-Saône, France | October 16, 1956 Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine, France | 1956 | [556] | |
Juho Kusti Paasikivi[ml] | November 27, 1870 Hämeenkoski, Russian Empire | December 14, 1956 Helsinki, Finland | 1956 | 7th President of Finland (1946–1956)[557] | |
Earl Anglin James[mm] | April 23, 1901 Memphis, Tennessee, United States | December 12, 1977 Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 1956 | [558] | |
Eugen Relgis | March 22, 1895 Iași, Romania | May 24, 1987 Montevideo, Uruguay | 1956 | [559] | |
Howard G. Kurtz Jr. | October 14, 1907 Ardmore, Pennsylvania, United States | May 22, 1997 Washington, D.C., United States | 1956 | Nominated jointly with ICAO, IATA and IFALPA the only time by Oliver J. Lissitzyn (1912-1994)[560] | |
Pablo Casals[mn] | December 29, 1876 El Vendrell, Tarragona, Spain | October 22, 1973 San Juan, Puerto Rico | 1956, 1958, 1959 | [561] | |
Martin Buber[mo] | February 8, 1878 Vienna, Austria-Hungary | June 13, 1965 Jerusalem, Israel | 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[562] | |
Frank Laubach[mp] | September 2, 1884 Benton, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States | June 11, 1970 Syracuse, New York, United States | 1956, 1957, 1965, 1966, 1969 | [563] | |
1957 | |||||
Dominique Pire[mq] | February 10, 1910 Dinant, Belgium | January 30, 1969 Leuven, Belgium | 1957, 1958 | Won the 1958 Nobel Peace Prize.[564][565] | |
Dag Hammarskjöld[mr] | July 29, 1905 Jönköping, Sweden | September 18, 1961 Ndola, Zambia | 1957, 1961 | 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations (1953–1961) Won the 1961 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded posthumously.[566] | |
Jan Antonín Baťa[ms] | March 7, 1898 Uherské Hradiště, Moravia, Austria-Hungary | August 23, 1965 São Paulo, Brazil | 1957 | [567] | |
Ole Fredrik Olden[mt] | June 10, 1879 Stavanger, Norway | February 19, 1963 Stavanger, Norway | 1957 | [568] | |
Alfred Parker[mu] | 1897 United States | 1964 United States | 1957 | [569] | |
Charles-André Gibrin[mv] | 1892 France | 1974 France | 1957, 1958 | [570] | |
Boris Gourevitch[mw] | July 8, 1889 Kyiv, Russian Empire | April 4, 1964 Manhattan, New York, United States | 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 | [571] | |
1958 | |||||
Joseph Paul-Boncour[mx] | August 4, 1873 Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher, France | March 28, 1972 Paris, France | 1958 | Prime Minister of France (1932–1933)[572] | |
Józef Retinger[my] | April 17, 1888 Kraków, Galicia, Austria-Hungary | June 12, 1960 London, United Kingdom | 1958 | [573] | |
Mehr Chand Davar[mz] | April 24, 1913 Gujranwala, Punjab, British India | November 9, 1977 New Delhi, India | 1958, 1970 | [574][575] | |
Norman Cousins[na] | June 24, 1915 Union City, New Jersey, United States | November 30, 1990 Los Angeles, California, United States | 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1972 | [576] | |
1959 | |||||
Gunnar Myrdal[nb] | December 6, 1898 Skattungbyn, Sweden | May 17, 1987 Danderyd, Sweden | 1959, 1970 | Shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Friedrich Hayek.[577] | |
Olave St. Clair Baden-Powell[nc] | February 22, 1889 Chesterfield, Derbyshire, United Kingdom | June 25, 1977 Bramley, Surrey United Kingdom | 1959 | [578] | |
Andrew Cordier | March 1, 1901 Canton, Ohio, United States | July 11, 1975 Manhasset, New York, United States | 1959 | [579] | |
Robert Debré[nd] | December 7, 1882 Sedan, Ardennes, France | April 29, 1978 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France | 1959 | [580] | |
Werenfried van Straaten[ne] | January 17, 1913 Mijdrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands | January 13, 2003 Bad Soden, Hesse, Germany | 1959 | [581] | |
Konstantinos Diamantopoulos[nf] | ? Greece | ? Greece | 1959, 1960[582] | [583] | |
Norman Bentwich[ng] | February 28, 1883 Hampstead, United Kingdom | April 8, 1971 London, United Kingdom | 1959, 1961 | [584] | |
Louis Sohn[nh] | March 1, 1914 Lviv, Austria-Hungary | June 7, 2006 Falls Church, Virginia, United States | 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966 | [585] | |
Grenville Clark[ni] | November 5, 1882 New York City, New York, United States | January 13, 1967 Dublin, New Hampshire, United States | 1959, 1961, 1964, 1966, 1967 | [586][587] |
1960–1969
[edit]Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 - Prize has been awarded a year later | |||||
Beniamino Bufano[nj] | October 15, 1890 San Fele, Potenza Italy | August 18, 1970 San Francisco, California, United States | 1960 | [588] | |
William John Henry Boetcker | December 29, 1873 Hamburg, German Empire | December 29, 1962 Erie, Pennsylvania, United States | 1960 | [589] | |
Oskar Helmer[nk] | November 16, 1887 Gattendorf, German Empire | February 13, 1963 Vienna, Austria | 1960 | [590] | |
Nobusuke Kishi[nl] | November 13, 1896 Tabuse, Yamaguchi, Japan | August 7, 1987 Tokyo, Japan | 1960 | Prime Minister of Japan (1957–1960)[591] | |
Howard Rusk[nm] | April 9, 1901 Brookfield, Missouri, United States | November 4, 1989 Manhattan, New York, United States | 1960 | [592] | |
Bichare Tabbah[nn] | September 26, 1891 Beirut, Ottoman Empire | December 30, 1970 Beirut, Lebanon | 1960 | [593] | |
Félix Kir[no] | January 22, 1876 Alise-Sainte-Reine, Côte-d'Or, France | April 26, 1968 Dijon, Côte-d'Or, France | 1960, 1961 | [594] | |
Arnold Zweig | November 10, 1887 Glogau, German Empire | November 26, 1968 East Berlin, East Germany | 1960, 1961 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[595] | |
Basil O'Connor[np] | January 8, 1892 Taunton, Massachusetts, United States | March 9, 1972 Phoenix, Arizona, United States | 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [596] | |
Eugene R. Black Sr.[nq] | May 1, 1898 Atlanta, Georgia, United States | February 20, 1992 Oakwood, Oklahoma, United States | 1960, 1963 | [597] | |
Charles Braibant[nr] | March 31, 1889 Villemomble, Paris, France | April 23, 1976 Paris, France | 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967 | [598] | |
Hermann Gmeiner[ns] | June 23, 1919 Alberschwende, Vorarlberg, Austria | April 26, 1986 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria | 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968 | [599] | |
Frederick P. Burdick[nt] (prob. Eugene Burdick (1918–1965)) | ? United States | ? United States | 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [600] | |
Raoul Follereau[nu] | August 17, 1903 Nevers, Nièvre, France | December 6, 1977 Paris, France | 1960, 1963, 1969, 1970 | [601] | |
Cyrus Eaton[nv] | December 27, 1883 Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada | May 9, 1979 Northfield, Ohio, United States | 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 | [602][603] | |
Umberto Campagnolo[nw] | March 25, 1904 Este, Veneto, Italy | September 25, 1976 Este, Veneto, Italy | 1960, 1961, 1973 | [604] | |
1961 | |||||
Albert Lutuli[nx] | November 30, 1897 Bulawayo, Zimbabwe | July 21, 1967 KwaDukuza, South Africa | 1961 | Won the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[605] | |
Linus Pauling[ny] | February 28, 1901 Portland, Oregon, United States | August 19, 1994 Big Sur, California, United States | 1961, 1962, 1963 | Won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Won the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[606][nz] | |
Arnaldo Fortini[oa] | December 13, 1889 Assisi, Perugia, Italy | May 15, 1970 Assisi, Perugia, Italy | 1961 | [607] | |
José María González García[ob] | 1880 Colombia | 1966 Colombia | 1961 | [608] | |
Marie-Elisabeth Lüders[oc] | June 25, 1878 Berlin, German Empire | March 23, 1966 West Berlin, West Germany | 1961 | [609] | |
Henri Rolin | May 3, 1891 Ghent, Belgium | April 20, 1973 Paris, France | 1961 | [610] | |
Angelo Jaquinto[od] | ? Italy | ? Italy | 1961 | Nominated the only time with Salvatore Jaquinto.[611] | |
Salvatore Jaquinto[od] | ? Italy | ? Italy | 1961, 1962 | [612] | |
Gertrud Kurz-Hohl[oe] | March 15, 1890 Lutzenberg, Switzerland | June 26, 1972 Lutzenberg, Switzerland | 1961, 1962 | [613] | |
Giulia Scappino Murena[of] | 1902 Italy | 1970s (or prob. 1967) Riccione, Rimini, Italy | 1961, 1962 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[614] | |
Lotta Hitschmanova[og] | November 28, 1909 Prague, Bohemia, Autria-Hungary | August 1, 1990 Ottawa, Canada | 1961, 1962 | [615] | |
Carl Lutz[oh] | March 30, 1895 Walzenhausen, Switzerland | February 12, 1975 Bern, Switzerland | 1961, 1962, 1963 | [616] | |
Luigi Spinelli[oi] | ? | ? | 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 | [617] | |
Fenner Brockway[oj] | November 1, 1888 Kolkata, West Bengal, British India | April 28, 1988 Watford, Central London, United Kingdom | 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1969 | [618] | |
Vinoba Bhave[ok] | September 11, 1895 Pen, Maharashtra, British India | November 15, 1982 Wardha, Maharashtra, India | 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [619] | |
Charles Henry Alexandrowicz[ol] | October 13, 1902 Lviv, Austria-Hungary | September 26, 1975 Vienna, Austria | 1961, 1962, 1964, 1972 | [620] | |
Danilo Dolci[om] | June 28, 1924 Sežana, Yugoslavia | December 30, 1997 Partinico, Italy | 1961, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972 | [621][622] | |
Jules Moch | March 15, 1893 Paris, France | July 31, 1985 Cabris, Alpes-Maritimes, France | 1961, 1973 | [623] | |
1962 | |||||
Maude Miner Hadden[on] | June 29, 1880 Leyden, Massachusetts United States | April 14, 1967 Palm Beach, Florida, United States | 1962 | [624] | |
Urho Kekkonen[oo] | September 3, 1900 Pielavesi, Russian Empire | August 31, 1986 Helsinki, Finland | 1962 | 8th President of Finland (1956–1982)[625] | |
John Fitzgerald Kennedy | May 29, 1917 Brookline, Massachusetts, United States | November 22, 1963 Dallas, Texas, United States | 1962 | 35th President of the United States (1961–1963)[626] | |
Rajah Manikam | ? India | ? India | 1962 | [627][628] | |
Charles Richet | December 11, 1882 Paris, France | July 17, 1966 France | 1962 | [629] | |
Eli Stanley Jones[op] | January 3, 1884 Baltimore, Maryland, United States | January 25, 1973 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India | 1962, 1963 | [630] | |
Fritz von Unruh[oq] | May 10, 1885 Koblenz, German Empire | November 28, 1970 Diez, Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany | 1962, 1963, 1966, 1968 | [631][632] | |
James William Fulbright[or] | April 9, 1906 Sumner, Missouri, United States | February 9, 1995 Washington, D.C., United States | 1962, 1967, 1972 | [633] | |
1963 | |||||
Bertrand Russell[os] | May 18, 1872 Trellech, Monmouthshire, United Kingdom | February 2, 1970 Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd, United Kingdom | 1963, 1967 | Won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature.[634] | |
Domenico Antonio Cardone | January 21, 1894 Palmi, Calabria, Italy | September 18, 1986 Palmi, Calabria, Italy | 1963 | [635] | |
Catherine Devilliers[ot] | 1894 France | 1972 France | 1963 | [636] | |
Heinrich Grüber[ou] | June 24, 1891 Stolberg, German Empire | November 29, 1975 West Berlin, West Germany | 1963 | [637] | |
Stella Monk[ov] | ? United Kingdom | ? United Kingdom | 1963 | [638] | |
Fook-Wo Poon[ow] | ? China | ? China | 1963 | [639] | |
Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki[ox] | October 18, 1870 Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan | July 12, 1966 Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan | 1963 | [640] | |
Stephen Galatti[oy] | August 6, 1888 Monmouth Beach, New Jersey, United States | July 13, 1964 Rhinebeck, New York, United States | 1963, 1964 | [641] | |
Adolfo López Mateos[oz] | May 26, 1909 Ciudad López Mateos, Mexico | September 22, 1969 Mexico City, Mexico | 1963, 1964 | 55th President of Mexico (1958–1964)[642] | |
Gordon Gilkey[pa] | March 10, 1912 Linn County, Oregon, United States | October 28, 2000 Portland, Oregon, United States | 1963, 1964 | [643] | |
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi[pb] | January 12, 1918 Rajim, Chhattisgarh, British India | February 5, 2008 Vlodrop, Roerdalen, Netherlands | 1963, 1964 | [644] | |
Paul Gray Hoffman[pc] | April 26, 1891 Western Springs, Illinois, United States | October 8, 1974 New York City, New York, United States | 1963, 1966, 1970 | [645][646] | |
Josip Broz Tito[pd] | May 7, 1892 Kumrovec, Austria-Hungary | May 4, 1980 Ljubljana, Yugoslavia | 1963, 1973 | President of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)[647] | |
1964 | |||||
Martin Luther King Jr.[pe] | January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, United States | April 4, 1968 Memphis, Tennessee, United States | 1964 | Won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize.[648] | |
Jess Gorkin[pf] | October 23, 1913 Rochester, New York, United States | February 19, 1985 Longboat Key, Florida, United States | 1964 | [649] | |
Josef Hromádka[pg] | June 8, 1889 Hodslavice, Moravia, Austria-Hungary | December 26, 1969 Prague, Czechoslovakia | 1964 | [650] | |
Lyndon Baines Johnson[ph] | August 27, 1908 Stonewall, Texas, United States | January 22, 1973 Stonewall, Texas, United States | 1964 | 36th President of the United States (1963–1969)[651] | |
Woodland Kahler[pi] | February 6, 1895 Dallas, Texas, United States | July 31, 1981 Bangor, Maine, United States | 1964 | [652] | |
Joseph Needham[pj] | December 9, 1900 London, United Kingdom | March 24, 1995 Cambridge, United Kingdom | 1964 | [653] | |
Paul-Henri Spaak[pk] | January 25, 1899 Schaerbeek, Belgium | July 31, 1972 Braine-l'Alleud, Walloon Brabant, Belgium | 1964 | [654] | |
Norman Thomas[pl] | November 20, 1884 Marion, Ohio, United States | December 19, 1968 Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States | 1964 | [655] | |
Hans Thirring[pm] | March 23, 1888 Vienna, Austria-Hungary | March 22, 1976 Vienna, Austria | 1964, 1965 | [656] | |
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi[pn] | October 26, 1919 Tehran, Iran | July 27, 1980 Cairo, Egypt | 1964, 1967 | Last King of Iran (1941–1979)[657] | |
Guido Guida[po] | December (or September) 11, 1897 Trapani, Italy | February 19, 1969 Roma, Italy | 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 | [658] | |
Abraham Vereide[pp] | October 7, 1886 Gloppen, Norway | May 16, 1969 Silver Spring, Maryland, United States | 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 | [659][660] | |
Marc Joux[pq] | ? France | ? France | 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [661] | |
1965 | |||||
David Dove Carver | August 1903 United Kingdom | May 1974 St Pancras, London, United Kingdom | 1965 | [662] | |
Arne Geijer[pr] | May 7, 1910 Söderala, Söderhamn, Sweden | January 27, 1979 Stockholm, Sweden | 1965 | [663] | |
Mohammad Hejazi[ps] | April 14, 1900 Tehran, Iran | January 30, 1974 Tehran, Iran | 1965 | [664] | |
Galo Plaza[pt] | February 17, 1906 New York City, New York, United States | January 28, 1987 Quito, Ecuador | 1965 | 29th President of Ecuador (1948–1952)[665] | |
Adlai Stevenson II[pu] | February 5, 1900 Los Angeles, California, United States | July 14, 1965 London, United Kingdom | 1965 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[666] | |
Shigeru Yoshida[pv] | September 22, 1878 Yokosuka, Kinagawa, Japan | October 20, 1967 Tokyo, Japan | 1965, 1966, 1967 | [667] | |
U Thant[pw] | January 22, 1909 Pantanaw, Maubin, Myanmar | December 25, 1974 New York City, New York, United States | 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1972 | 3rd Secretary-General of the United Nations (1962–1971)[668][669] | |
Pope Paul VI[px] | September 26, 1897 Concesio, Brescia, Italy | August 6, 1978 Castel Gandolfo, Rome, Italy | 1965, 1967, 1972 | 262nd Pope of the Roman Catholic Church (1963–1978)[670] | |
1966 - this year Prize was not awarded | |||||
Hideki Yukawa | January 23, 1907 Tokyo, Japan | September 8, 1981 Kyoto, Japan | 1966 | Won the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physics.[671] | |
Jan Tinbergen[py] | April 12, 1903 The Hague, Netherlands | June 9, 1994 The Hague, Netherlands | 1966, 1968 | Shared the 1969 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Ragnar Frisch.[672] | |
Habib Bourguiba[pz] | August 3, 1903 Monastir, French Tunisia | April 6, 2000 Monastir, Tunisia | 1966 | 1st President of Tunisia (1957–1987)[673] | |
Joseph Leo Cardijn[qa] | November 13, 1882 Schaerbeek, Belgium | July 24, 1967 Leuven, Belgium | 1966 | [674] | |
Martin Niemöller | January 14, 1892 Lippstadt, German Empire | March 6, 1984 Wiesbaden, Hesse, West Germany | 1966 | [675] | |
Léopold Sédar Senghor[qb] | October 9, 1906 Joal-Fadiouth, M'Bour, Senegal | December 20, 2001 Verson, Calvados, France | 1966 | 1st President of Senegal (1960–1980) and nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too..[676] | |
Adam Rapacki[qc] | December 24, 1909 Lviv, Austria-Hungary | October 10, 1970 Warsaw, Poland | 1966, 1968 | [677] | |
Joaquín Sanz Gadea[qd] | June 30, 1930 Teruel, Spain | May 25, 2019 Madrid, Spain | 1966, 1968, 1969 | [678] | |
Sri Kathiresu Ramachandra[qe] | 1895 Colombo, Sri Lanka | 1976 Colombo, Sri Lanka | 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [679][680] | |
1967 - this year Prize was not awarded | |||||
Abbé Pierre | August 5, 1912 Lyon, Rhône, France | January 22, 2007 Paris, France | 1967 | [681] | |
Harry Elias Edmonds | 1883 United States | July 6, 1979 Clifton Springs, New York, United States | 1967 | [682] | |
Ernest Gruening | February 6, 1887 New York City, New York, United States | June 26, 1974 Washington, D.C., United States | 1967 | Jointly nominated only.[683][684] | |
Wayne Morse | October 20, 1900 Madison, Wisconsin, United States | July 22, 1974 Portland, Oregon, United States | |||
Kurt Hahn | June 5, 1886 Berlin, German Empire | December 14, 1974 Salem, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany | 1967 | [685] | |
Thích Nhất Hạnh | October 11, 1926 Huế, Thừa Thiên Huế, French Indochina | January 22, 2022 Huế, Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam | 1967 | [686][687] | |
William Ernest Hocking | August 10, 1873 Cleveland, Ohio, United States | June 12, 1966 Madison, New Hampshire, United States | 1967 | Posthumously nominated.[688] | |
İsmet İnönü | September 24, 1884 İzmir, Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey) | December 25, 1973 Ankara, Turkey | 1967 | 2nd President of Turkey (1938–1950)[689] | |
Danny Kaye | January 18, 1911 Brooklyn, New York, United States | March 3, 1987 Los Angeles, California, United States | 1967 | [690] | |
Das Moni Roy | February 12, 1895 Memari, West Bengal, British India | ? India | 1967 | [691] | |
Sargent Shriver | November 9, 1915 Westminster, Maryland, United States | January 18, 2011 Bethesda, Maryland, United States | 1967 | [692] | |
Isidor Feinstein Stone | December 24, 1907 Philadelphia, United States | June 18, 1989 Boston, United States | 1967 | [693] | |
Geoffrey Leonard Cheshire | September 7, 1917 Chester, Cheshire, United Kingdom | July 31, 1992 Cavendish, Suffolk, United Kingdom | 1967 | Nominated the only time jointly with Sue Ryder Cheshire by R.C.Cotton[694] | |
David Abner Morse | May 31, 1907 New York, United States | December 1, 1990 New York, United States | 1967 | Nominated the only time by L.S.Senghor[695] | |
Binay Ranjan Sen[qf] | January 1, 1898 Dibrugarh, Assam, British India | June 12, 1993 Kolkata, West Bengal, India | 1967, 1968 | [696][697] | |
Sue Ryder Cheshire[qg] | July 3, 1924 Leeds, United Kingdom | November 2, 2000 Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, United Kingdom | 1967, 1968 | [698][699] | |
William P. Holman | September 21, 1914 Salem, Oregon, United States | May 22, 2003 Claremont, California, United States | 1967, 1968 | [700][701] | |
Quincy Wright[qh] | December 28, 1890 Medford, Massachusetts, United States | October 17, 1970 Charlottesville, Virginia, United States | 1967, 1970 | [702] | |
Charles Rhyne | June 23, 1912 Charlotteville, Pennsylvania, United States | July 27, 2003 McLean, Virginia United States | 1967, 1972 | [703] | |
1968 | |||||
Norman Borlaug[qi] | March 25, 1914 Cresco, Iowa, United States | September 12, 2009 Dallas, Texas, United States | 1968, 1969, 1970 | Won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize[704] | |
Alfonso García Robles[qj] | March 20, 1911 Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico | September 2, 1991 Mexico City, Mexico | 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Shared the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alva Myrdal.[705][706] | |
Yoshio Koya[qk] | 1890 Japan | 1974 Japan | 1968 | [707] | |
Eric Wyndham White[ql] | January 26, 1913 London, United Kingdom | January 27, 1980 Ferney-Voltaire, Ain, France | 1968 | [708] | |
Y. C. James Yen[qm] | October 26, 1893 Bazhong, Sichuan, China | January 17, 1990 New York City, New York, United States | 1968 | [709] | |
Halvard Lange[qn] | September 16, 1902 Oslo, Norway | May 19, 1970 Oslo, Norway | 1968 | [710] | |
Ralph K. White[qo] | December 9, 1907 Detroit, Michigan, United States | December 25, 1993 Cockeysville, Michigan, United States | 1968 | [711] | |
John S. Knight[qp] | October 26, 1894 Bluefield, West Virginia, United States | June 16, 1981 Akron, Ohio, United States | 1968 | [712] | |
Frans Hemerijckx[qq] | August 18, 1902 Ninove, East Flanders, Belgium | October 14, 1969 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium | 1968 | [713] | |
Vicenç Ferrer Moncho[qr] | April 9, 1920 Barcelona, Spain | June 19, 2009 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India | 1968 | [714] | |
René Maheu[qs] | March 28, 1905 Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, France | December 19, 1975 Paris, France | 1968, 1969 | [715] | |
Ernst Bloch[qt] | July 8, 1885 Ludwigshafen, German Empire | August 4, 1977 Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany | 1968, 1969 | [716] | |
John Collins[qu] | March 23, 1905 Cambridge, United Kingdom | December 31, 1982 London, United Kingdom | 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [717] | |
1969 | |||||
Giorgio La Pira[qv] | January 9, 1904 Pozzallo, Ragusa, Italy | November 5, 1977 Florence, Italy | 1969 | [718] | |
André Emmanuel Beauguitte | July 6, 1901 Paris, France | June 20, 1986 Paris, France | 1969 | [719] | |
Alexander Dubček[qw] | November 27, 1921 Uhrovec, Bánovce nad Bebravou, Czechoslovakia | November 7, 1992 Prague, Czechoslovakia | 1969 | [720] | |
William Chapman Foster[qx] | April 27, 1897 Westfield, New Jersey, United States | October 15, 1984 Washington, D.C., United States | 1969 | [721] | |
John D. Rockefeller III[qy] | March 21, 1906 New York City, New York, United States | July 10, 1978 Mount Pleasant, New York, United States | 1969 | [722] | |
Noam Chomsky[qz] | December 7, 1928 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States | — | 1969 | [723] | |
Harry Willis Miller[ra] | July 1, 1879 Ludlow Falls, Ohio, United States | January 1, 1977 Riverside, California, United States | 1969 | [724] | |
Kaoru Hatoyama[rb] | November 21, 1888 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan | August 15, 1982 Tokyo, Japan | 1969 | [725] | |
William Bertalan Walsh[rc] | April 26, 1920 Brooklyn, New York, United States | December 27, 1996 Bethesda, Maryland, United States | 1969 | [726] | |
Jogesh Chandra Bhattacharya | c. 1895 British India | April 2, 1960 India | 1969 | Posthumously nominated.[727] | |
Herman B. Wells[rd] | June 7, 1902 Jamestown, Indiana, United States | March 18, 2000 Bloomington, Indiana, United States | 1969 | [728] | |
Jayaprakash Narayan | October 11, 1902 Chhapra, Bihar, British India | October 8, 1979 Patna, Bihar, India | 1969 | Nominated the only time with Vinoba Bhave.[729] | |
Athenagoras I of Constantinople[re] | March 25, 1886 Vasiliko, Ioannina, Greece | July 7, 1972 Istanbul, Turkey | 1969 | 268th Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1948–1972) Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[730] | |
Paul Dudley White[rf] | June 6, 1886 Boston, Massachusetts, United States | October 31, 1973 Boston, Massachusetts, United States | 1969, 1970 | [731] | |
Alfred Verdroß-Droßberg[rg] | February 2, 1890 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria-Hungary | April 27, 1980 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria | 1969, 1970 | [732][733] | |
George Radwanski[rh] | February 28, 1947 Baden-Baden, Allied-occupied Germany | September 18, 2014 Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 1969, 1972 | [734] | |
Charles Kaisel Bliss[ri] | September 5, 1897 Chernivtsi, Russian Empire | July 13, 1985 Randwick, New South Wales, Australia | 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [735] | |
Spurgeon Milton Keeny[rj] | July 16, 1893 Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania, United States | October 20, 1988 Washington, D.C., United States | 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [736] |
1970–1974
[edit]Nominees are published 50 years later so 1974 nominees should be published at the beginning of 2025.
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | |||||
Alva Reimer-Myrdal[nb] | January 31, 1902 Uppsala, Sweden | February 1, 1986 Stockholm, Sweden | 1970 | Shared the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alfonso García Robles.[737] | |
Elie Wiesel[rk] | September 30, 1928 Sighet, Romania | July 2, 2016 Manhattan, New York, United States | 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | Won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize and nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[738] | |
François Duvalier[rl] | April 14, 1907 Port-au-Prince, Haiti | April 21, 1971 Port-au-Prince, Haiti | 1970 | 34th President of Haiti (1957–1971)[739] | |
Britta Holmström[rm] | April 8, 1911 Jönköping, Sweden | October 4, 1992 Lund, Sweden | 1970 | [740] | |
Eugene Carson Blake[rn] | November 7, 1906 St. Louis, Missouri, United States | July 31, 1985 Stamford, Connecticut, United States | 1970, 1971, 1972 | [741] | |
Isaac Lewin[ro] | January 14, 1906 Wieliczka, Galicia, Austria-Hungary | August 25, 1995 New York City, New York, United States | 1970, 1973 | [742] | |
Hélder Câmara[rp] | February 7, 1909 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil | August 27, 1999 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil | 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 | [743] | |
1971 | |||||
Willy Brandt[rq] | December 18, 1913 Lübeck, German Empire | October 8, 1992 Unkel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany | 1971 | 4th Chancellor of West Germany (1969–1974) Won the 1971 Nobel Peace Prize[744] | |
Buckminster Fuller[rr] | July 12, 1895 Milton, Massachusetts, United States | July 1, 1983 Los Angeles, California, United States | 1971 | [745] | |
Arvid Pardo[rs] | February 12, 1914 Rome, Italy | June 19, 1999 Seattle, Washington, United States | 1971 | [746] | |
Cesar Chavez[rt] | March 31, 1927 Yuma, Arizona, United States | April 23, 1993 San Luis, Arizona, United States | 1971 | [747] | |
Herbert York[ru] | November 24, 1921 Rochester, New York, United States | May 19, 2009 San Diego, California, United States | 1971 | [748] | |
Louise Weiss | January 25, 1893 Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France | May 26, 1983 Paris, France | 1971 | [749] | |
Tage Erlander[rv] | June 13, 1901 Munkfors, Sweden | June 21, 1985 Huddinge, Sweden | 1971 | Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)[750] Jointly nominated only 22nd Prime Minister of Norway (1945–1951, 1955–1965)[751] | |
Einar Gerhardsen[rv] | May 10, 1897 Asker, Norway | September 19, 1987 Oslo, Norway | |||
Lyudmil Stoyanov[rw] | February 6, 1886 Kovachevitsa, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria | April 11, 1973 Sofia, Bulgaria | 1971 | [752] | |
Randolph Parker Compton[rx] | March 18, 1892 Macon, Missouri, United States | September 15, 1987 White Plains, New York, United States | 1971 | [753] | |
Carl Bonnevie[ry] | April 28, 1881 Trondheim, Norway | September 26, 1972 Oslo, Norway | 1971 | [754] | |
Stefan Wyszyński[rz] | August 3, 1901 Zuzela, Congress Poland, Russian Empire | May 28, 1981 Warsaw, Poland | 1971, 1972 | [755] | |
Francisco Arasa Bernaus[sa] | ? Spain | November 6, 1997 Spain | 1971, 1972 | [756] | |
Michail Stasinopoulos[sb] | July 27, 1903 Kalamata, Greece | October 31, 2002 Athens, Greece | 1971, 1972 | 1st President of Greece (1974–1975)[757] | |
Jean Monnet[sc] | November 9, 1888 Cognac, Charente, France | March 16, 1979 Bazoches-sur-Guyonne, Yvelines, France | 1971, 1972, 1973 | [758] | |
Jean Chazal de Mauriac | June 4, 1907 Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loie, France | April 2, 1991 Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France | 1971, 1973 | [759] | |
Cláudio Villas-Bôas[sd] | December 8, 1916 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil | March 1, 1998 Estado de São Paulo, Brazil | 1971, 1972, 1973 | [760] Jointly nominated only [761] | |
Orlando Villas-Bôas[sd] | January 12, 1914 Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, Brazil | December 12, 2002 Estado de São Paulo, Brazil | |||
1972 - this year Prize was not awarded[762] | |||||
Seán MacBride | January 26, 1904 Paris, France | January 15, 1988 Dublin, Ireland | 1972,[763] 1973[764] | Shared the 1974 Nobel Peace Prize with E.Satō | |
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu | August 26, 1910 Skopje, Ottoman Empire | September 5, 1997 Kolkata, West Bengal, India | 1972 | Won the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize[765] | |
Daniel Berrigan | May 9, 1921 Virginia, Minnesota, United States | April 30, 2016 New York City, New York, United States | 1972 | Jointly nominated only.[766] | |
Philip Berrigan | October 5, 1923 Two Harbors, Minnesota, United States | December 6, 2002 Baltimore, Maryland, United States | |||
William H. Chapman | ? United States | ? United States | 1972 | [767] | |
Ranganath R. Diwakar | September 30, 1894 Dharwad, Karnataka, British India | January 15, 1990 India | 1972 | [768] | |
Lev Dobriansky | November 9, 1918 New York City, New York, United States | January 30, 2008 Springfield, Virginia, United States | 1972 | [769] | |
Billy Graham | November 7, 1918 Charlotte, North Carolina, United States | February 21, 2018 Montreat, North Carolina, United States | 1972 | [770] | |
Isabelle Grant | July 3, 1896 Lossiemouth, Moray, United Kingdom | June 1, 1977 London, United Kingdom | 1972 | [771] | |
Edward Heath | July 9, 1916 Broadstairs, United Kingdom | July 17, 2005 Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom | 1972 | Heath: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1970–1974) Jointly nominated only.[772] | |
Roy Jenkins | November 11, 1920 Abersychan, Torfaen, United Kingdom | January 5, 2003 East Hendred, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom | |||
Alexandre Marc | January 19, 1904 Odesa, Russian Empire | February 22, 2000 Vence, Alpes Maritimes, France | 1972 | [773] | |
Ralph Nader | 27 February 1934 Winsted, Connecticut, United States | — | 1972 | [774] | |
Elise Ottesen-Jensen | January 2, 1886 Høyland, Norway | September 4, 1973 Stockholm, Sweden | 1972 | [775] | |
Annie Skau Berntsen | May 29, 1911 Oslo, Norway | November 26, 1992 Horten, Norway | 1972 | [776] | |
Helen Suzman | 7 November 1917 Germiston, Transvaal, South Africa | 1 January 2009 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa | 1972 | [777] | |
Pierre Trudeau | October 18, 1919 Montreal, Canada | September 28, 2000 Montreal, Canada | 1972 | 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1980–1984)[778] | |
1973[762] | |||||
Henry Kissinger | May 27, 1923 Fürth, Bavaria, Germany | November 29, 2023 Kent, Connecticut, United States | 1973 | Shared the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize but Lê Đức Thọ declined his share.[779] | |
Lê Đức Thọ | October 10, 1911 Nam Trực, Nam Định, French Indochina | October 13, 1990 Hanoi, Vietnam | |||
Pearl S. Buck | June 26, 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States | March 6, 1973 Danby, Vermont, United States | 1973 | Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[780] | |
Napoleón Bilbao Rioja | ? Bolivia | ? Bolivia | 1973 | [781] | |
Sri Chinmoy | August 27, 1931 Chittagong, British India | October 11, 2007 New York City, United States | 1973 | Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature too.[782] | |
Andrew W. Cordier | March 1, 1901 Canton, Ohio, United States | July 11, 1975 Manhasset, New York, United States | 1973 | [783] | |
Daniel Ellsberg | April 7, 1931 Chicago, Illinois, United States | June 16, 2023 Kensington, California, United States | 1973 | [784] | |
Indira Gandhi | November 19, 1917 Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, British India | October 31, 1984 New Delhi, India | 1973 | 3rd Prime Minister of India (1966–1977, 1980–1984)[785] | |
Robert S. Hartman | January 27, 1910 Berlin, German Empire | September 20, 1973 Mexico City, Mexico | 1973 | [786] | |
Jomo Kenyatta | c. 1897 Ngenda, Gatundu, Kenya Colony | August 22, 1978 Mombasa, Kenya | 1973 | 1st President of Kenya (1964–1978)[787] | |
Luis Kutner | June 9, 1908 Chicago, Illinois, United States | March 1, 1993 Chicago, Illinois, United States | 1973 | [788] | |
Paul-Émile Léger | April 26, 1904 Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec, Canada | November 13, 1991 Montreal, Canada | 1973 | [789] | |
Richard Nixon | January 9, 1913 Yorba Linda, California, United States | April 22, 1994 New York City, United States | 1973 | 37th President of the United States (1969–1974)[790] | |
Marcelo Nubla | September 12, 1898 Manila, Philippines | November 12, 1985 Philippines | 1973 | [791] | |
Samuel Pisar | March 18, 1929 Białystok, Podlaskie, Poland | July 27, 2015 New York City, United States | 1973 | [792] | |
Jeannette Rankin | June 11, 1880 Missoula, Montana, United States | May 18, 1973 Carmel, California, United States | 1973 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[793] | |
Adam Schaff | March 10, 1913 Lviv, Austria-Hungary | November 12, 2006 Warsaw, Poland | 1973 | [794] | |
Gerard C. Smith | May 4, 1913 New York City, United States | July 4, 1994 Easton, Maryland, United States | 1973 | [795] | |
Joseph Gabriel Starke | November 16, 1911 Perth, Western Australia, Australia | February 24, 2006 Canberra, Australia | 1973 | [796] | |
Fernando Tamayo Tamayo | February 13, 1950 Palermo, Boyacá, Colombia | April 13, 2018 Bogotá, Colombia | 1973 | [797] | |
Trần Minh Tiết | December 28, 1922 Cam Lộ, Quảng Trị, French Indochina | April 18, 1986 Monterey Park, California, United States | 1973 | [798] | |
Kurt Waldheim | December 21, 1918 Sankt Andrä-Wördern, Tulln, Austria | June 14, 2007 Vienna, Austria | 1973 | 4th Secretary-General of the United Nations (1972–1981)[799] | |
1974 | |||||
to be revealed in 2025 |
Statistics
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of peace activists
- List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
- List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize
- List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize
Motivations
[edit]- ^ "Passy's career as a peace worker began in 1856 with his opposition to the Crimean War. In 1867 he founded the first French peace society ('Ligue internationale et permanente de la paix'). Passy promoted free trade, pacifism, international law and arbitration. As a member of parliament (1881-1889), he also contributed to the founding of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
- ^ "Dunant was one of the founders of the International Committee of the Red Cross and he was the initiator of the Geneva Convention."
- ^ "Ducommun was the unpaid leader of the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and his work was therefore closely connected to it. He actively started working for peace in 1867 when he participated at the foundation of Ligue de la Paix et de la Liberté. He advocated a pragmatic and practical approach to peace work, and he promoted international arbitration."
- ^ "Gobat was secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. He was one of the leading administrators in the peace movement."
- ^ "Cremer established the International Arbitration League in 1870. He initiated an arbitration treaty between Great Britain and the United States. Cremer organized and promoted inter-parliamentary peace conferences, and he was editor of the journal The Arbitrato. He was the only labor leader in the peace movement and he promoted brotherhood between the working classes in England and France. Cremer was also one of the founders of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
- ^ "Suttner was the author of the novel Die Waffen nieder (Lay Down Your Arms), the most important antiwar novel of the period. She was the founder and president of the Austrian Peace Society (1891), and she contributed to the foundation of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (1891). Suttner was nominated for her contribution to the international peace movement."
- ^ "Bloch was nominated for his work The Future of War in its Technical, Economic and Political Relation (6 vols., 1898). One of his conclusions was that there would be no decisive victories in future land wars between great powers; the armies would entrench themselves and the ensuing deadlock would last for years. Armed conflict would be determined not by military success but by the eventual economic collapse of societies."
- ^ "Linker was nominated for his 30 years in the service of the cause of peace and humanitarianism."
- ^ "Mühlberger was nominated for his extensive thinking on war and peace, and especially for his book on Proudhon (1899), in which he expressed several ideas on how to deal with the issue of war and peace."
- ^ "Nikolai II initiated the First Hague Peace Conference in 1899. The tsar's intention was to seek agreements to limit armaments and the financial burden of excessive armament, and to improve the prospects of peaceful settlement of international conflicts and to codify the laws of war."
- ^ "Pandolfi was nominated for his efforts to establish local peace associations (Venice and Turin) and the Italian Peace Society, and also for his inter-parliamentary peace work. He acted as mediator between Italy and Romania, and Italy and France, in an attempt to create greater understanding and a sense of brotherhood between these states."
- ^ "Pauncefote dealt successfully with the problems concerning seal fishing in the Bering Sea, the Venezuela Boundary Dispute, and the Panama Canal question (the Hay-Pauncefote treaties 1899-1901). As a delegate to the First Hague Conference (1899) he was a leading figure in the formation of a permanent tribunal of arbitration."
- ^ "Petrochi was nominated for his work La Guerra."
- ^ "Hector was nominated (in 1901 under the pseudonym "N.J. Pierlin") for his book on the work of Proudhon."
- ^ "Moynier was one of the founders of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and he was nominated for his efforts to organize its work. He drafted the Geneva Convention. He was also one of the founders of the Institute of International Law."
- ^ "Martens advocated international arbitration and he also worked to establish a codification of the laws of war. Martens often acted as mediator in disputes between European states. He is the author of the book La paix et la guerre."
- ^ "Tolstoy was nominated for his literary works, especially his later philosophical and religious books – War and Peace (1865-69) and Anna Karenina (1875-77) – which evidently promoted peace and anti-militarism."
- ^ "Stead promoted peace and international arbitration. He attended several peace conferences, including The Hague (1899) and Kristiania (1899). Stead instigated the so-called 'Peace Crusade' in England and Scotland, and he published the journal War against war. He believed that the best guarantee for world peace would be a peace treaty between Great Britain and Russia. Stead also agitated vigorously against the Boer War and promoted international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Loewenthal was one of the earliest promoters of the necessity to establish a league of European states. He also promited disarmament, reform of international law and the introduction of obligatory arbitration of disputes between states through an international system of "peace justice". He was instrumental in the founding of what was later known as the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
- ^ "Lockwood attended several international peace conferences. She supported Bajer in his work to found the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and she founded a branch of the Bureau in Washington. She was for a long time associated with the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia and an ardent promoter of arbitration."
- ^ "Richter was chairman of the German Peace Association. One of the central figures of the early German peace movement. He attended international peace conferences and presided over the peace conference in Hamburg in 1897."
- ^ "Umfrid was chairman of the Stuttgart Peace Society and vice-president of the German Peace Society. He worked hard to change the attitude of the German evangelical clergy towards peace. He wrote and published numerous articles on peace. His major work was Europa den Europäern: Politische Ketzereien."
- ^ "Descamps was nominated for his inter-parliamentary peace work. President of the sixth Inter-Parliamentary Peace Conference in Brussels in 1895, and Belgian delegate to the peace conference at The Hague in 1899. He was elected Secretary General of the Institute of International Law in 1900. Descamps wrote significant works on neutrality and disarmament, and he also contributed to the abolitionist movement. The Institute of International Law was nominated for its work to draft the first international arbitration regulations, and for its efforts to establish a codification of the laws of war."
- ^ "Umano was nominated for his writings on peace. He had written extensively on such subjects as war and peace, patriotism, and he had also constructed a 'law on patriotism'."
- ^ "Ferrero had given numerous lectures on militarism in Milan, and the lectures had been received with great acclaim by the people in Milan."
- ^ "Bajer promoted Nordic neutrality and brotherhood. He was one of the initiators and founders of the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and was the first president of the Peace Bureau. He was also member of the council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, and organized peace work both in Denmark and internationally, both popular peace movements and parliamentary peace work. He was Scandinavia's most prominent peace advocate."
- ^ "Arnoldson was nominated for his book Seklernas hopp about peace, the peace movement and peace workers. He was one of the founders of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society, and he carried on a vigorous campaign for arbitration in his writings. Arnoldson produced substantial works on religion and peace."
- ^ "Moneta became active in the peace movement in 1870. In 1878 he helped establish the League of Liberty, Brotherhood and Peace in Milan. In 1887 he helped to found the Society for International Peace and Justice, and the Lombard Union for International Peace and Understanding, of which he became president. Moneta regularly attended international peace congresses, and from 1895 onwards he was a member of the Permanent International Peace Bureau. He actively worked to establish better understanding between countries on the verge of conflict, especially through arbitration. He was also editor of the journal La Vita Internazionale."
- ^ "Nomination based on Buonfanti's pamphlet L'Avvenire."
- ^ "Schleyer had constructed the artificial language Volapük (1880)."
- ^ "Polo was nominated for his work La paix par l'union des peuples."
- ^ "Marcoartu was nominated for being the real originator of the Inter-Parliamentary conferences, and for promoting peace and arbitration."
- ^ "Gohier was editor of the journal Soleil. He supported Dreyfus in the Dreyfus Affair, and he promoted exoneration of Captain Dreyfus."
- ^ "Lowther contributed to the drafting of the arbitration agreement between Argentina and Chile."
- ^ "Barrington and Lowther was nominated for their contribution to the disarmament and arbitration treaties between Chile and Argentina."
- ^ "Adler was nominated for his writings on war and peace, including the pamphlet Der Krieg, die Kongressidee und die allgemeine Wehrpflicht (1868)."
- ^ "Korwin-Dzbanski was nominated for his writings on war and peace."
- ^ "Lund was a pioneer in Norwegian inter-parliamentary peace work, and he represented Norway at several international peace conferences. He was a member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee 1897-1913."
- ^ "Love was president of the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia (1866-1913). He founded and edited the magazine Peacemaker and Court of Arbitration and he organized peace meetings. Vice-president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society."
- ^ "Pratt was nominated for his effort to promote peace and arbitration. He contributed to the founding of the Permanent International Peace Bureau in 1891 and he was a member of its commission (until 1904). He founded and presided over the International Arbitration and Peace Association."
- ^ "Peckover founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association. She was editor and publisher of the journal Peace and Goodwill and supported peace work in and outside of Great Britain, especially in the Nordic countries."
- ^ "Renault was nominated for his work to promote international law. He contributed greatly in establishing the field as a respected academic discipline, and published several major works together with his colleague Lyon-Caen. He represented France at numerous international conferences, and he was considered an important factor to the success of the Peace Conference at The Hague in 1899."
- ^ "D'Estournelles represented France at The Hague Peace Conference in 1899. He attempted to get acceptance for the principle of compulsory arbitration, but this was not possible. After the conference he strongly promoted the Permanent Court of Arbitration, and he founded the French Groupe de l'Arbitrage in 1903. D'Estournelles advocated Franco-German conciliation and wanted a European federation. In 1905 he founded Conciliation Internationale, a network of peace workers aimed at influencing public opinion. At the second conference at The Hague in 1907, d'Estournelles continued his work to strengthen international arbitration."
- ^ "Bion founded holiday camps (Ferienkolonien) for less fortunate children (emphasis on physical and moral training)."
- ^ "Pierantoni was nominated for his considerable contribution to the development of international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Author of the book De la paix, du desarmement, et de la solution du probleme social."
- ^ "Darby was secretary of the English Peace Society. He wrote and published literature on peace, international law and arbitration, and he attended several peace congresses."
- ^ "Hersant was the author of the book Temple de la paix."
- ^ "Khan attended the peace conference at The Hague in 1899 (leader of the Persian delegation)."
- ^ "Smet de Naeyer was nominated for his efforts to accomplish an international agreement concerning the sugar industry."
- ^ "Barclay promoted arbitration, conciliation and international law. He was president of the British Chamber of Commerce 1899-1900. Barclay was a member of the Institute of International Law and deputy Chairman of the International Law Association. He worked to improve the relations between European countries in order to prevent war and to secure peace."
- ^ "Bartholdt founded the American group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1904. He was president of the Inter-Parliamentary Council and he promoted international law and arbitration. He initiated the second peace conference at The Hague (1907). Bartholdt was considered to be the most significant person in the American peace movement."
- ^ "Roosevelt mediated in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). His efforts led to the peace treaty of 1905. He made use of the Permanent Court of Arbitration on several occasions."
- ^ "Branting promoted peace and anti-militarism. He contributed to the peaceful dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union in 1905 and worked to establish good relations between the two countries. He was one of the foremost members of the international social democratic movement and he exercised great influence on its peace work."
- ^ "Hay took part in the Paris peace negotiations to end the Spanish-American War (1898). He is known for the Open Door policy towards China, and he negotiated the treaty that gave the US the right to build the Panama Canal. He promoted international arbitration, and he contributed to the success of both the Inter-Parliamentary Union and of the peace conference at The Hague in 1899."
- ^ "Westlake was one of the founders of the Institute of International Law. He promoted social reforms and woman suffrage."
- ^ "Nys promoted international law and arbitration. He was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague and of the Permanent International Peace Bureau. Nys was the author of Le droit international and other works on international law and politics."
- ^ "Wavrinsky was nominated for his contribution to the peaceful dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union in 1905. He was chairman of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League, and he contributed to the founding of the Swedish Inter-Parliamentary Group. During World War I he supported Wilson's plans for a League of Nations, but he emphasized the importance of a democratic and parliamentary basis for such a league."
- ^ "Strawson had discovered 'the true nature of money'."
- ^ "Promoted international law and arbitration. Author of the book Die Fortbildung des Verfahrens in völkerrechtl. Streitigkeiten."
- ^ "Zamenhof invented Esperanto, the most important of the international artificial languages."
- ^ "Bourgeois headed the French delegation to The Hague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907, where he promoted cooperation among nations. Member of the peace group of the French parliament. He was a member of the Permanent Court of Justice at the Hague from 1903. Bourgeois was among the initiators of the League of Nations and was appointed France's representative to the League in 1919, where he was elected president of the council. Bourgeois was an ardent spokesman for disarmament, international law and obligatory arbitration."
- ^ "Luzzatti emphasized the importance of social reforms and cooperation to secure social and political peace. Promoted international law and economic cooperation."
- ^ "Smiley initiated the Lake Mohonk Conferences on International Arbitration."
- ^ "Carnegie was nominated for his large donations to the peace movement (to hasten the abolition of war). He was chairman of the Peace Association in New York and initiator of the first national peace gathering in 1907. Carnegie had donated money to build three international 'temples of peace', including the Palace of Peace at The Hague. He advocated arbitration and international peace work, and he wrote a number of articles on peace. Carnegie was also president of the Peace Society of New York. He founded 'The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace' in 1910."
- ^ "Francis Joseph had been Emperor for 60 years."
- ^ "Altamira y Crevea was nominated for his important contribution to international law, especially his extensive authorship on international law. He aimed to introduce internationalistic and humanitarian reforms in his work as a history professor. In 1919 he became member of the committee that drafted the statutes of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague, of which he was member 1922-29 and 1930-37."
- ^ "Beernaert promoted international arbitration and disarmament. He was Belgium's representative at the Hague conferences in 1899 and 1907, where he advocated compulsory arbitration. Beernaert was very active in the work of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, and was president of its council in 1909."
- ^ "Fried founded the journal Die Waffen Nieder in 1891, and he established the German Peace Society (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft) in 1892. He also published Monatliche Friedenskorrespondenz and edited Die Friedenswarte. Fried promoted international law, pacifism and disarmament, and he worked closely with Bertha von Suttner. He is the author of the books Pan-Amerika and Der Kaiser und der Weltfrieden."
- ^ "Root was co-founder and president of 'American Society of International Law' (1906). He persuaded Latin-American states to participate at the Second Hague Peace Conference (1907), and he also concluded treaties of arbitration with more than 20 nations. He settled the controversy between the USA and Great Britain over the North Atlantic coast fisheries."
- ^ "Frost was the author of the book Safeguards of Peace."
- ^ "Robert was the creator of the fresco paintings in the museum in Neuchatel in Switzerland."
- ^ "Tobar was nominated for the Tobar doctrine. Its aim was to reduce the threat of revolution and civil war in the Inter-American system by emphasizing the need for all governments to support the establishment of constitutionalism and democracy."
- ^ "Fiore promoted international law and arbitration. He wrote extensively on peace and international law."
- ^ "Mérignhac attended all peace conferences held in France the last decade. He founded and presided over 'Société de la Paix par le Droit' and initiated the first national congress for French peace associations in Toulouse in 1903. He is the author of several works on international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Jordan was a well-known natural scientist. Inspired by social-darwinism, he considered war to be the greatest threat to the human race in that it caused a "reversal of selection". He therefore advocated peace and pacifism. Jordan was a member of commissions on US-Canadian relations (1896-1911). He presided over the World Peace Foundation (1909-1911), and served as an unofficial consultant for the US-Mexican commission that tried to solve the dispute between the two (1916). Jordan was vice-president of the World Peace Conference at The Hague in 1913 and for a similar congress in San Francisco (1915). He also served as vice-president or executive member of several peace organizations, and he was a well-known lecturer both in the USA and abroad. Among his major works were The Blood of the Nation (1902), The Human Harvest (1907), War and Waste (1913), Annexation and Conquest (1916)."
- ^ "La Fontaine was considered a true internationalist. He was president of the Commission of the Permanent International Peace Bureau and Secretary General for the Belgian Peace and Arbitration League. He also participated in the activities of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Together with Paul Otlet he founded in 1907 the Union of International Associations."
- ^ "Prince Alphonse had founded and actively promoted The International League against Duelling."
- ^ "Duras was nominated for his book Universal Peace."
- ^ "Nominated for his efforts to prevent the Serbian-Austrian conflict in 1909 from turning into war. Proponent of international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Lord Weardale promoted arbitration, disarmament and inter-parliamentary peace work."
- ^ "Nominated for her efforts to end the conflict between Argentina and Chile."
- ^ "Münter was nominated for his pamphlet Die reale Lösung der sozialen Frage."
- ^ "Tyszkiewics was the founder and president of the Kyiv Peace Association."
- ^ "Asser initiated the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at The Hague. He contributed to the founding of the Institute of International Law (Vice President 1875-1879, member of the Council 1902-1904 and Honorary member 1906) and he was a proponent of international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Mott was nominated for his work in international ecclesiastical and missionary movements for more than 50 years, promoting goodwill, international understanding and cooperation as the foundation of lasting peace. He contributed to the establishment of the modern ecumenical movement, and also the formation of the World Council of Churches."
- ^ "Nominated for his efforts to secure Brazil's borders through several boundary settlements and for his efforts to solve the conflicts between Brazil and its neighbouring countries. He also participated in the Brazilian abolitionist movement and he was directly engaged in 27 arbitration treaties."
- ^ "Witte was the first constitutional prime minister of the Russian Empire 1905-06."
- ^ "Moch worked as a pacifist journalist in Indépendance belge and other newspapers, and he attended most of the international peace conferences from 1897 onwards. He organized and presided over the 11th congress in Monaco 1902 and he became Chairman of the newly founded Institut international de la Paix in 1903(-1906). Moch promoted the international language Esperanto and founded an Esperanto Peace Association in 1905."
- ^ "Moscheles had been working for peace since he became a member of the Peace Association in 1878. Member of the Committee of the International Arbitration and Peace Association in 1880 and executive chairman of the Association from 1897. Promoted peace, international arbitration and pacifism."
- ^ "Zorn advocated international law and arbitration. Member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Represented Germany in a committee that discussed the establishment of an international court of arbitration."
- ^ "Arnaud promoted international law, arbitration and pacifism both in France and in the international peace movement. President of 'Ligue de la Paix et de la Liberté' and editor-in-chief of the journal Les Etats Unis d'Europe from 1891. Vice-president of the French delegation to several international peace conferences initiated by the International Peace Bureau."
- ^ "Apponyi promoted inter-parliamentary peace work and international arbitration. Delegate to all inter-parliamentary peace conferences since 1895 (except Brussels 1897). He initiated a proposal intended to make compulsory the establishment of pressure groups working for peace by the national inter-parliamentary groups. Apponyi had founded such a group in Hungary. He represented Hungary in the Council of the League of Nations in 1925, and was an advocate for disarmament."
- ^ "Förster was nominated for his significant contribution to the German peace movement in the period between the two world wars. Förster promoted ethics, peace and international arbitration. He worked to improve the relations between France and Germany. Förster represented the pedagogic school of the peace movement. He was not motivated by political sentiments, but by his religious understanding and perception of ethics. He was a proponent of anti-militarism, being a champion for peace by writing books and holding lectures on the topic, even in the warmongering state of Nazi Germany."
- ^ "Angell advocated peace, pacifism and international understanding. He had written The Great Illusion (1910), in which he claimed that it was an illusion that war could be profitable to a nation, and he maintained that this illusion was going to lead Europe into a state of war. Angell also wrote America and The New World-State (1912), The World's Highway (1916) and several other works. The Unseen Assassins (1932) described nationalism as the greatest threat to world peace."
- ^ "Richet was an executive member of both the Permanent International Peace Bureau and the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
- ^ "Internoscia was the author of New Code of International Law."
- ^ "Kovalevsky produced a number of scientific works on legal history. Promoted peace, humanity and democracy. He initiated and presided over the St.Petersburg Peace Association."
- ^ "Rade was nominated for his efforts to end German nationalistic conflicts. Founder and editor of the magazine Die Christliche Welt."
- ^ "Ruyssen was president of 'La Paix par le Droit', the most prominent French peace association, and he was editor of the association's journal. He was an executive member of both the International Peace Bureau and 'Ligue des Droits de l'Homme'. Ruyssen promoted peace and disarmament, and he was secretary general of 'Union des Associations pour la Société des Nations' (The Union of Associations of the League of Nations). He had been an important part of the international peace movement for more than 40 years."
- ^ "Known as the German peace movement's wandering speaker. From 1892 he traveled around Europe and gave speeches on peace. As a result of his lecture tours, several local peace associations were established."
- ^ "Fusinato promoted international law and arbitration. Italian delegate to several international peace conferences. At the Second Hague Peace Conference he was elected president of the committee that worked to establish procedures for the Permanent Court of Arbitration. He became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague and he contributed to many arbitration treaties. Member of the Italian Inter-Parliamentary Group."
- ^ "Herbert is the author of the book The Defence of Plevna."
- ^ "Edwin Mead promoted international justice and peace. Mead and Edwin Ginn successfully managed to open a free peace academy in Boston (The International School of Peace). Mead continued to publish and distribute literature on peace. He also wrote about and lectured on the topic and in 1909 he became Director of the World Peace Foundation. Attended several international peace conferences."
- ^ "Lucia Mead rendered Edwin Mead great assistance in his peace work both through speeches and writings, and she attended most of the conferences and congresses her husband participated in. She was also a peace worker in her own right. President of the peace and arbitration department of the National Women Suffrage Association, vice-president of the American Peace Society and member of the Council of the World Peace Foundation."
- ^ "Taft promoted international law and arbitration. He initiated arbitration treaties between the US and Great Britain and France, but despite his efforts these were not concluded. Advocated peace and cooperation during his presidency(1909-1913)."
- ^ "Trueblood was secretary of the US Peace Society. Editor of the periodical The Advocate of Peace. He wrote The Federation of the World and he translated Kant's Zum ewigen Frieden into English. Trueblood attended most international peace conferences and was a member of the Commission of the Peace Bureau. He organized two peace congresses held in the USA (Chicago 1893 and Boston 1904) and was a member of the International Law Association."
- ^ "Gram was a recognized scholar of international law and he often attended international arbitration courts. He was honorary member of the Institute of International Law."
- ^ "Sundblad had actively worked for peace since 1885 when he founded a local peace association in Sweden. Between 1887 and 1894 he raised money to support the newly founded Swedish Peace and Arbitration League. He was chairman of the council of this league 1887-1896. Sundblad published the journal Ned med Vapnen 1893-1897 and from 1897 he edited and published the journal Fredsfanan. He advocated peace and co-operation."
- ^ "Masaryk promoted humanism, ethics, and pacifism. As a Czechoslovakian nationalist he fought to defend the Slav peoples against Austrian-Hungarian imperialism. He successfully acted as mediator between Austria-Hungary and Serbia in 1912. During World War I Masaryk advocated democratic rights and human liberation. He was the chief founder and first president of Czechoslovakia."
- ^ "Lange served as secretary to the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 1901 to 1909, and he played an important role in the founding and development of the Norwegian Nobel Institute that opened in 1905. He advocated peace and disarmament and he attended several international peace conferences. Lange was secretary general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union from 1909 to 1933. During WWI he moved the office of the Inter-Parliamentary Union to Oslo, in order to continue and preserve the work of the Union and to protect its records from possible wartime destruction."
- ^ "Quidde joined the German Peace Society in 1892 (chairman 1914-1929), and in 1894 he founded a peace association in Munich. He was a prominent advocate of peace and pacifism. From 1907 to 1919 Quidde was a liberal member of the Bavarian parliament and member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. In 1919 he joined the Democratic Party and from 1919 to 1920 he served as a member of the National Assembly. He denounced the German war-guilt clause of the Versailles Treaty and he opposed the revival of German militarism. He was chairman of the German Peace Cartel 1921-29. Quidde advocated German admittance to the League of Nations."
- ^ "Drago initiated the Drago Doctrine that opposed forcible collection of debts in any South American republic through military intervention. He promoted peace, international cooperation and arbitration. Drago was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague."
- ^ "Cheshikhin drafted the new international language 'Reform Esperanto' ("Nepo")."
- ^ "Giretti was chairman of the peace association Torre Pellice and member of the Commission of the Permanent International Peace Bureau."
- ^ "Boyle was the author of History of Peace and other writings."
- ^ "Ihlen and Wallenberg were nominated for the Swedish-Norwegian declaration of neutrality and for the mutual agreement that neither Norway nor Sweden would adopt hostile resolutions towards each other in case of a European war."
- ^ "Ross was the author of the book The great evolution and end of war."
- ^ "Lammasch promoted international law and arbitration. He became associated with the Institute of International Law in 1887, and a member in 1891. He played an important role at international conferences and meetings and he was member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague. Lammasch presided over the Court in the conflicts between the USA and Great Britain over the fishery in New Foundland (1909), and between the USA and Venezuela over the rights of the Orinoco Steamship Company (1910). He became a lifelong member of the Austrian First Chamber in 1899 and Hon. member of the Vienna Academic Peace Association. Member of the Central Organization for a Durable Peace (founded in 1915) and Hon. President of the Austrian peace association 'Para Pacem'. After 1916 Lammasch continued to produce works on peace, international law and arbitration, despite deteriorating health. In 1918, he presented a draft covenant for the League of Nations."
- ^ "The Pope was nominated for his peace efforts and his work to ensure that prisoners of war were treated humanely."
- ^ "Albert I was nominated for his national sacrifice in order to uphold the idea of international law after the outbreak of war in 1914."
- ^ "Polak was Chairman of the Polish Association of Friends of Peace."
- ^ "Addams was the co-founder and president of the Women's Peace Party (1915). In 1915 she attended the Women's Peace Conference at The Hague, and she was elected president of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. After the conference Addams and several of the delegates went on a peace mission to the European political leaders and to the American president. Addams was elected president of the newly formed Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) at the second Women's Peace Conference in 1919. She presided over the 4th regular peace conference held by the WILPF in Washington in 1924. It adopted a manifesto stating that civilization can only be rebuilt on international justice, renouncing the Treaty of Versailles. It furthermore demanded democratic control over foreign policy, social peace and a stronger international organization."
- ^ "Ahlberg was the editor of the Ido periodical "Mondo" (Ido is an artificial language constructed by the French logician and Esperantist Louis de Beaufront)."
- ^ "Scherrer-Füllemann was among the foremost members of Swiss political life. He represented Sankt Gallen canton in the Swiss parliament for several years, and he was one of the most conductive personalities of the democratic party. President of the Swiss Inter-Parliamentary Group, which he represented at the Inter-Parliamentary Council. In August 1914, he contributed to the founding of the Swiss Committee for the Study of Lasting Peace, of which he became Chairman when Otfried Nippold resigned. Executive member of the Central Organization for a Durable Peace. Advocate of peace, legal internationalism and humanism."
- ^ "Scott was secretary of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (1911-1940) and director of its Division of International Law. He worked for the US conscription service during WWI, and he was one of the organizers of the US Foreign Policy Conference in New York in 1917. Scott was editor-in-chief of the American Journal of International Law, and he was the author of The Status of the International Court of Justice (1914). He advocated and strongly favored the establishment of an international court of justice."
- ^ "Schwimmer initiated the Ford Neutral Conference in 1915, and she was one of the founding members of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1919). She started peace missions to both neutral and belligerent countries (adopted by the peace conference). She committed the last part of her life to the movement to create a federal world government."
- ^ "Wilson advocated international law and arbitration. In January 1917 he had made an unsuccessful attempt to persuade the belligerents to end the war, calling for a 'peace without victory'. After the USA had entered the war, Wilson outlined his view on a post-war settlement through his 'Fourteen points'. These became the guiding principles for the Paris Peace Conference (1919-20), and included the establishment of the League of Nations. However, Wilson failed to obtain ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, and the USA did not join the League of Nations."
- ^ "Sandstøl was member of Stavanger Peace Association. He is an author of several works on war and peace."
- ^ "Mary Shapard was nominated for her World War I-era recommendation that a nonpartisan "league of nations" be established by world leaders to reduce the likelihood of future armed conflicts between countries engaged in international disputes."
- ^ "Schücking promoted international law and arbitration. He had been associated with the Institute of International Law since 1910. After WWI Schücking became a leading member of the 'Deutsche Liga für den Völkervorbund' and he worked primarily on a draft of a covenant for the League of Nations. He was a member of the German delegation to the Versailles peace negotiations. In 1919 Schücking initiated the founding of a new German Inter-Parliamentary Group, over which he presided. He was also a member of the Council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
- ^ "Gasparri wrote the papal peace plan and encouraged people to strive for peace through the papal guidelines for peace and understanding."
- ^ "De Jong was one of the foremost peace workers of his time. He was co-founder of the 'Nederlandsche Anti-Oorlog-Raad', where he was a member of the executive council. He was editor of the influential publication Nouvelles de Hollande and he published numerous works on peace. He initiated international study conferences at The Hague (1915) and Bern (1917), conferences aimed at formulating the principles for a lasting peace. In 1917 he resigned from his position in the Dutch Ministry of Justice in order to dedicate his time to the peace cause. He moved to Bern, where he administered the information office 'Pax'. Proponent of peace, arbitration and pacifism."
- ^ "Mercier was among the foremost leaders in the revival of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. During the war (1914-1918) his stand against the Germans when they burned the Louvain Library and deported workmen made him an international spokesman for the Belgians."
- ^ "Horst represented the Norwegian parliament at the first Inter-Parliamentary Peace Conference in 1890. He was chairman of the Norwegian Peace Association and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague."
- ^ "Périnet was the founder of Ligues de bonté."
- ^ "Hoover was the chief Allied relief administrator during World War I (1914-1919) and later chairman of the Commission for Relief in Belgium. He was appointed national food administrator to stimulate production and conserve supplies when the USA entered into the war."
- ^ "Nansen was nominated for his humanitarian work after World War I. He organized programs for the repatriation of prisoners of war from Russia and Siberia. The Soviet government did not recognize the League of Nations, but it was willing to work with Nansen. He initiated the Nansen Passport for Refugees, and he was Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations. The League appointed him High Commissioner for Refugees in 1921. The same year the Red Cross asked him to organize a relief program to famine-stricken Russia. The League of Nations turned down his request for financial assistance, because strong anti-bolshevik feelings in the League made its approval impossible. Nansen had to organize relief to Russia outside the League, but he received assistance from Herbert Hoover's American Relief Administration, the Society of Friends and others."
- ^ "Lord Cecil was one of the principal drafters of the League of Nations Covenant (1919). He contributed greatly to the establishment of the League's institutions and he took a leading role in its activities. Already in 1916 he had begun to draw up an international peacekeeping agreement, and in 1919, when he attended the Paris Peace Conference, his ideas proved generally compatible with those of President Woodrow Wilson. Lord Cecil was also chairman of the 'League of Nations Union' and he used it to raise British public opinion in favour of the League. He was member of the Council of the League of Nations and he contributed to the peaceful settlement of the conflict between Greece and Italy."
- ^ "Grey was nominated for his efforts to prevent World War I. He was responsible for the Treaty of London (1915) by which Italy joined the Allies, and he tried to obtain US support for the Allies. In 1919 he went to the US in an attempt to secure US entry into the League of Nations."
- ^ "President Harding had initiated the Washington Conference on Limitation of Armaments. The treaties on disarmament at sea adopted by the conference were later ratified by the US Senate."
- ^ "Keynes was one of the most distinctive British economists. During World War I he served as a consultant in the British Treasury. Keynes accompanied Lloyd George to the Paris Peace Conference as an economic advisor. He opposed the Allied reparations policy, and he advocated a more liberal attitude towards the size and amount of the economic sanctions imposed on Germany. He criticized the Versailles Treaty in The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919-1920)."
- ^ "Nitti was nominated for the foreign policy he conducted while he was Prime Minister of Italy. He regarded Europe as one unit depending on the equality of each country. Nitti criticized the Versailles Treaty and the ongoing rearmement in the books Europa senza pace and Decandenza dell' Europa. He presided over the Conference of the Allied Forces in San Remo, where he advocated a policy of appeasement towards Austria and protested against the imperialistic policy of Lord Curzon. Nitti attempted to guide the American opinion through his articles in United Press of America and the nominators thought this was the reason why the US Senate in November 1922 was willing to discuss the questions of compensation and the Entente policy."
- ^ "Rolin-Jacquemyns was the founder and Secretary General (1906-1923) of the Institute of International Law. He was managing director of the juridical library at the Peace Palace in Geneva 1913-1923. Rolin was member of several commissions and associations, and Secretary General of the Academy of International Law at The Hague. His major scientific work was The International Private Law (1899)."
- ^ "Brändström worked as delegate, advisor and co-organizer for the Swedish Red Cross. She traveled extensively throughout Russia and contributed greatly to the relief work for prisoners of war in Russia and Siberia (1914-1920). She visited prison camps, escorted prisoners home, and she organized the repatriation of German and Austrian prisoners after the war."
- ^ "Hughes was nominated for his work as Secretary of State during Warren Harding's presidency. The latter initiated the Washington Conference on Limitation of Armaments, over which Hughes presided. The treaties on disarmament at sea adopted by the conference were later ratified by the US Congress. In 1923 Hughes initiated a policy that led to the Dawes Commission, and he advocated US entry to the Permanent International Court of Arbitration. Hughes was president of the 'American Bar Association' and he had been member of the US Supreme Court (1910-1916)."
- ^ "Hymans represented Belgium at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I, and he contributed to the drafting of the Covenant of the League of Nations. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs 1918-1920 and he presided over the first assembly of the League of Nations in 1920."
- ^ "Lindhagen actively worked for a joint Scandinavian effort to promote civil law, and he also advocated disarmament and co-operation based on international law. He was a prominent member of the radical peace movement, and in 1932 he initiated a 'People's Parliament'. Its aim was to advocate disarmament issues. Lindhagen was one of legal advisor to the Alfred Nobel estate; in effect he became an associate executor. He also drafted the Nobel Foundation Charter in 1899. Lindhagen was on the short list, but no new evaluation was requested."
- ^ "Ferrière was the founder and leader of 'Agence internationale de secours et de renseignement en faveur des prisonniers de guerre', an intelligence agency established by the International Red Cross. Its aim was to locate and repatriate prisoners of war. From 1919 to 1921 Ferrière aided the Austrian-Hungarian population."
- ^ "Adelswärd was chairman of the Swedish Inter-Parliamentary Group, and he was president of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (1922-1928). He advocated democracy, peace and international cooperation."
- ^ "Weiss was nominated for his contribution to the development of international law, mainly through his extensive scientific writings on international civil law. He promoted mediation, a permanent international court of arbitration and sanctions in order to observe the rules of international law. Weiss was member of several juridical associations, including Institut de France, Institut de Droit International, and the International Court of Arbitration at The Hague."
- ^ "Debs was a successful trade union leader. He converted from Democratic Populist to Socialist in 1897. In 1898 he was one of the founders of the Socialist Party of America (the name was adopted in 1900). Debs started to work actively for peace during World War I, mainly because he considered the war to be in the interest of capitalism. He was the Socialist Party's candidate for the US presidency five times between 1900 and 1920."
- ^ "Morel was nominated firstly for his work to protect indigenous African people during European imperialism and colonization, and secondly for his efforts to prevent an open conflict between Germany and France over colonial matters. Morel had become familiar with African geography, history, and commercial affairs while working as a clerk for a shipping company trading in West Africa. He brought this knowledge into the fields of journalism and committee work. On several occasions Morel criticized European administrations in Africa, and he led the British opposition to the Belgian misruling in Congo. Morel organized The Congo Reform Association in 1904, of which he became Secretary. The main objective for Morel was to prevent future disputes and wars by improving the relations between Europeans and other peoples. Morel was a proponent of pacifism and internationalism, and Secretary of The Union of Democratic Control. He was an influential representative of the Labour Party in the British parliament."
- ^ "Mendes was the leader of 'Eglis positiviste' in Brazil."
- ^ "Aga Khan supported the Allied cause when war broke out in 1914, but at the Paris Peace Conference he urged for lenient treatment of Turkey."
- ^ "Fauchille was the editor of Revue Générale du Droit international Public (founded by Fauchille and Pillet in 1894), through which he contributed to the development of international law. Author of the four-volume work Traité de Droit International Public. In 1921 Fauchille, de Lapradelle and A. Alvarez founded 'Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales', a postgraduate college aimed at teaching international law and developing friendly relations between students of different nationalities."
- ^ "Prince Carl was nominated for his work as President of the Swedish Red Cross, which was one of the largest and best organized of the national divisions of the International Red Cross. His work for prisoners of war and refugees was especially mentioned."
- ^ "Morgan was nominated for his efforts to disarm Germany 1919-1923, and for his plans for disarmament after the World War II."
- ^ "Buisson attended several peace conferences, including the Geneva Conference in 1867 that had great influence on the development of the idea of peace. He promoted reconciliation and rapprochement between peoples, a matter of great importance considering the strained relationship between France and Germany. Buisson was founder and president of the League of Human Rights (Ligue des Droits de l'Homme)."
- ^ "MacDonald joined the Labour Party in 1894 and he gradually became a well known political writer. Socialism was the subject of most of his books, but he did not encourage revolution. In 1911 he became parliamentary leader of the Labour Party, and in 1924 he became the first Labour prime minister. MacDonald presided over the negotiations on US Secretary of State Dawes' Plan for the payment of German war reparations 1924. He was also instrumental in the process that resulted in the Geneva Protocol on collective security, disarmament and compulsory arbitration."
- ^ "Gerlach had opposed William II's (German emperor and King of Prussia 1888-1918) policy during World War I, and he was working for German reconciliation and rapprochement with France while he was president (later executive member) of the German Human Rights League. He advocated pacifism and peace."
- ^ "Henri-Demont founded the organization 'Pour supprimer ce crime: la Guerre', that worked for a perfection of the judicial aspects of the League of Nations. It wanted the Permanent Court of International Justice to elaborate a 'Law of the Nations' and a global constitution. The nominators emphasized Henri-Demont's lifelong effort in promoting this project."
- ^ "Chamberlain was nominated with Aristide Briad for their efforts to conclude the Locarno Pact in 1925. The Locarno Pact sought to normalize relations between Germany and its former enemies. It intended to secure peace in western Europe by eliminating the possibility of border disputes involving Germany, whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. Advocates of reconciliation, arbitration and negotiation."
- ^ "Dawes was author of the "Dawes Plan" to manage German reparations payments after World War I. The Dawes Plan provided for a reorganization of German finances with the assistance of loans from U.S. investors, and it was drafted by the Allied Reparation Commission led by Charles G. Dawes."
- ^ "Briand was nominated for his plan to create a European Union. The plan was first presented in the League of Nations in 1929, and in 1930 the French government put forth a memorandum on the issue. The League then decided to establish a study commission on the subject with Briand as its chairman."
- ^ "Stresemann was nominated for being largely responsible for restoring the international status of Germany after World War I, and for his contribution to the Locarno Pact in 1925. Advocate of reconciliation and arbitration. Luther became Minister of Finance under Gustav Stresemann in 1923, and he successfully stabilized the inflated national currency. He continued as Minister of Finance in the next government, and he participated in negotiating the Dawes Plan in 1924."
- ^ "Archbishop Söderblom advocated peace, pacifism, brotherhood and religious understanding through his work as leader of the ecumenical movement. He wanted to unite religious communities of different nationalities, in order to further international understanding through church unity. Söderblom organized and presided over the first Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work in Stockholm in 1925."
- ^ "Chirinos was nominated for his authorship on peace."
- ^ "Luther became Minister of Finance under Gustav Stresemann in 1923, and he successfully stabilized the inflated national currency. He continued as Minister of Finance in the next government, and he participated in negotiating the Dawes Plan in 1924."
- ^ "Shibusawa was involved in almost every enterprise associated with Japanese industrial development. He worked to improve the relations between the USA and Japan concerning the legal status of Japanese workers in California. He retired in 1916 to devote himself to charity."
- ^ "Politis promoted peace, disarmament and international law through his scientific authorship. He became Greek Foreign Minister in 1916, he attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He represented Greece in the League of Nations, where he contributed to the drafting of the Geneva Protocol in 1924."
- ^ "Benes advocated peace, justice and international law in the League of Nations while serving as Czechoslovakian Foreign Minister, and he continued to promote peace when he became president of Czechoslovakia."
- ^ "Motta was the chief Swiss delegate to the League of Nations from 1920. He became Honorary President of the first League assembly (1920) and President of the fifth assembly (1924). Protector of Swiss neutrality and advocate of international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Shotwell had worked for peace since he began working for the Carnegie Endowment. His major contribution was to edit the 150-volume Economic and Social History of the World Wars, aimed at elucidating the economic effects of modern war. He served as an adviser to President Wilson in 1917, mainly on the political and historical aspects of potential postwar problems and he was a delegate to the Versailles Peace Conference. He contributed to the Geneva Protocol and to the Briand-Kellogg Pact."
- ^ "Huber attended the second Hague Peace Conference in 1907 and he acted as legal advisor to the Swiss foreign minister 1918-1922. He represented Switzerland in the post-war negotiations with the Allied Powers and he was member of the Swiss delegation to the League of Nations 1920-1921. Huber was president of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague 1925-1927. He advocated international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Undén was a delegate to the League of Nations 1921-1926 and he was member of the Council of the League 1924-1926. Advocate of Swedish neutrality. Undén was nominated for his efforts to settle the controversies over the expansion of the Council of the League of Nations in 1926. The problem arose when Germany sought a permanent seat on the council, an important matter to the German delegation during the Locarno negotiations. This was opposed by some countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia, unless permanent seats on the Council were granted other states as well. Undén and the Swedish delegation were willing to sacrifice Swedish representation on the Council in order to prevent an expansion beyond the German seat, a policy that solved the problem."
- ^ "Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts movement in 1907 and he organized the movement internationally. He and his sister Agnes founded the Girl Guides in 1910 (in the US Girls Scouts from 1912). In 1916 Baden-Powell organized the Wolf Cubs in Great Britain (Cub Scouts in the US) for boys under the age of 11. The nominators emphasized the brotherly mentality and the non-militaristic character of the movement."
- ^ "Kellogg was nominated for his contribution to the Briand-Kellogg Pact. The pact condemned the use of war as a solution of international conflicts."
- ^ "Christensen advocated peace, justice and natural law through his authorship."
- ^ "Herzog had written a book called La nouvelle mort de siècle civilisé."
- ^ "Loder was former President of the Permanent Court of International Justice (Cour de justice international) at The Hague. He was one of the leaders of the International Law Association."
- ^ "Levinson originated and publicized the "outlawry of war" movement in the United States, and in 1918 he argued that violence committed by nation-states ought to be declared illegal. He assisted in drafting the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928. It condemned war as a tool of national diplomacy."
- ^ "Hanssen was nominated for his sensible policy while leading the Danish minority in Schleswig during the stipulation of the new border between Denmark and Germany. In order to prevent future Danish-German conflicts over the boundary line, Hanssen exercised great moderation and caution."
- ^ "Herriot was the leader of the French Radical Party from 1919, and he was Prime Minister 1924-1925 and 1926. He was nominated for his contribution to the Geneva Protocol during the assemblies of the League of Nations 1924-1925. Proponent of disarmament, international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Roos initiated a movement that wanted to establish the right to financial support if war broke out. He argued that a country unlawfully attacked should receive financial aid to make it able to defend itself. Roos stated that, if necessary, the attacked country should also receive military support from the other nations. He wanted this to be a part of the conventions of the League of Nations."
- ^ "Butler advocated peace, international cooperation and arbitration. He supported the Briand-Kellogg Pact, and he promoted international understanding. Butler also assisted in the establishment of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, of which he was a trustee and later president (1925-45)."
- ^ "Albert Schweitzer was nominated for his humanitarian work on a religious basis. Originally a student of theology and philosophy, he entered medical school in 1905 in order to qualify as a mission doctor in Gabon, at the time part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1913 he arrived at Lambaréné where he and his wife set up a hospital. He spent most of his life at Lambaréné, although he was still preoccupied with philosophical problems. His most significant contribution in this respect was the book The Philosophy of Civilization (1923), in which he developed the concept 'reverence for life' as a universal principle of ethics. He also made efforts to promote Franco-German reconciliaton."
- ^ "Deiszmann was nominated as representatives of ecclesiastical organisations working for peace and social levelling in the religious communities. He promoted peace, understanding, disarmament and brotherhood."
- ^ "Ibàñez del Campo and Leguía y Salcedo were nominated for their efforts to settle the profound and long-lasting conflict between Chile and Peru over the Tacna-Arica provinces, a source of conflict between the two countries. The nominators emphasized the importance this diplomatic settlement would have for the South American continent."
- ^ "Colcord actively promoted US membership in the League of Nations and the International Court of Arbitration. He also furthered American participation in drafting the Briand-Kellogg Pact."
- ^ "Giglio-Tos founded the student association 'Corda Fratres, Fédération Internationale des Étudiants' in 1898. It was based on the principle of mutual understanding and devoted to the ideas of peace. He worked for closer understanding between France and Italy, and for the creation of a World Parliament for students and professors to meet annually and discuss world problems."
- ^ "Schoenaich was a former army officer who, because of his knowledge of military technology, became an opponent to war and advocate of democracy, pacifism and radical disarmament. He became president of the German Peace Association (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft). Schoenaich also held several peace lectures and he wrote extensively on peace."
- ^ "Wehberg was a member of the Institute of International Law and publisher of the periodical Die-Friedens Warte. He advocated pacifism and contributed to the development of the field of international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Madariaga was nominated for his leadership of the disarmament section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations (1922-28), and for serving as Spanish representative to the League of Nations Assembly and Council. Madariaga contributed to secure peace through his contribution to the development of the juridical principles of the League."
- ^ "Firedrich Siegmund-Schultze was nominated for his scholarship and religious activity, but also his undeviating devotion through tragic times to world peace and international understanding."
- ^ "Henderson strongly supported the League of Nations, and when he was foreign secretary he worked to strengthen the League in order to guarantee international security. He was chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference from 1932 to 1935 and he actively worked to establish an armament limitation plan."
- ^ "Anzilotti was appointed a judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague in 1921. He presided over the Court from 1928 to 1930."
- ^ "Nyholm was a former judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague."
- ^ "Besant was actively involved in educational and humanitarian work in India. She established the Indian Home Rule League in 1916, and she was elected leader of the Indian nationalist congress in 1917. The nominator stressed her efforts to solve the Indian "problem", and thereby secure world peace by uniting East and West. Besant was the international president of the Theosophical Society (1907-1933)."
- ^ "Remarque was nominated for his novel Im Westen nicht Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front) 1929, in which he depicted a realistic picture of the German army and the horrors of war."
- ^ "He was nominated for the book Les illusions évolutionistes."
- ^ "Heering had written a book called De Zondeval van het Christendom (1928), in which he advocated peace, pacifism and anti-militarism while criticizing the German State Church."
- ^ "Munch was nominated for his energetic advocacy of international disarmament, both as Danish politician and as member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Permanent International Peace Bureau."
- ^ "Clémentel was nominated for his contribution to the establishment of the International Chamber of Commerce, and for being an advocate of peace, pacifism and international understanding."
- ^ "Lady Aberdeen advocated peace and understanding through her work as president of the International Council of Women."
- ^ "Verraux was nominated for his advocacy of reconciliation, democracy, pacifism and radical disarmament. He held numerous lectures and speeches on peace"
- ^ "Cornejo worked for a peaceful solution to the conflicts between Bolivia and Paraguay, and between Peru and Colombia. He had written La lutte pour la paix (1933) and L'équilibre des continents (1932). Cornejo contributed greatly to international peace work, but mostly he advocated peace in Latin America."
- ^ "Coudenhove-Kalergi initiated, promoted and led the Pan-European Movement from the 1920s. He devoted his life to the idea of a 'united states of Europe'. Coudenhove-Kalergi opposed and criticized the Russian political system and in 1933 he warned about a new World War. He also initiated the Pan-European economic conference in Vienna in 1934. The nominators considered the Pan-European idea to be the axis of a new and realistic peace policy."
- ^ "Brown was Honorary Secretary of the War Resisters International (1923-1949), an association of conscientious objectors to military service. The association opposed any participation in, or preparations to war. Brown was a Christian pacifist."
- ^ "Heerfordt was nominated for his advocacy of a 'United States of Europe'. This European constellation ought to be more firmly organised than the League of Nations, and to hold sufficient executive power in order to prevent war."
- ^ "Karnabeek was nominated for his efforts to advocate peace, neutrality and international law. He had been secretary of the first Peace Conference at The Hague in 1899, and he was later secretary of the International Conferences on International Law at The Hague (1900, 1904), Dutch delegate to the Peace Conference 1907, Foreign Minister 1918-27, leader of the Dutch delegation to the League of Nations 1920-27 (President of the assembly 1927), chief delegate to the Washington Conference 1921-22 and the Genoa Conference 1922. He also initiated the neutral conference on drafting the regulations for a permanent international court in 1920. Karnabeek presided over the Dutch association of the League of Nations."
- ^ "Pratap gave up his property for educational purposes, and he established a technical college at Brindaban. In 1913 he took part in Gandhi's campaign in South Africa. He traveled around the world to create awareness about the situation in Afghanistan and India. In 1925 he went on a mission to Tibet and met the Dalai Lama. He was primarily on an unofficial economic mission on behalf of Afghanistan, but he also wanted to expose the British brutalities in India. He called himself the servant of the powerless and weak."
- ^ "Scialoja was nominated for his contribution to international law and for his activity within the League of Nations. He represented Italy at the Versailles Peace Conference 1919-1920, and he was member of the commission that drafted the Covenant of the League of Nations (1919). Scialoja was also one of the drafters of the Pact of Locarno."
- ^ "Alvarez was nominated for his contribution to the reconstruction and codification of international law. Delegate to several Pan-American congresses. He advocated 'American international law'."
- ^ "Laval was nominated for his general achievements as politician, and for his efforts as Prime Minister to find a solution to Germany's payments problem due to the financial crisis in 1931. Laval, together with Samuel Hoare, developed the so-called Hoare-Laval Plan for the partition of Ethiopian territory between Italy and Ethiopia (Abyssinia), in order to solve the conflict between the two states. The plan clearly favored Italy, and was not implemented due to British opposition."
- ^ "Papanastassiou was nominated for his efforts to further peace and cooperation between the Balkan states. His idea of a Balkan union was adopted by the 7th Peace Congress in Athens and Delphi in 1929. In 1930 Papanastassiou organized and presided over the first Balkan Conference in Athens and Delphi. He also advocated disarmament, the League of Nations and inter-parliamentary cooperation."
- ^ "Princess Djabadary had written the libretto to an opera that carried a peaceful message. The opera was composed by her husband."
- ^ "Dohrn had directed and developed the zoological station in Naples during the post-war international and economical difficulties. Proponent of reconciliation and cooperation."
- ^ "Hudson was nominated for his work to give prominence to intellectual freedom and his efforts to establish a world government."
- ^ "Cseh was nominated because the peace prize would be 'a well deserved recompense for his apostolic action for international understanding and peace'. He had been working for peace for more than 22 years, and from 1920 he had devoted his entire life to the peace cause. Cseh wanted to make people understand each other by means of a common language, and he chose the international language Esperanto as his tool. He founded a special institute at The Hague that was working on reconciliation of mankind."
- ^ "Pilsudski was a revolutionary who had helped establish independent Poland in November 1918. He was the first chief of state of independent Poland from 1918 to 1922, and he was also commander in chief of the Polish army. In 1920 he defeated the Russian Red Army, and in late 1922 he became chief of the general staff. He resigned from office in May 1923 and went into retirement. In 1926, after an economic depression, Pilsudski marched on Warsaw, and the government resigned. Pilsudski was elected president on May 31, 1926, but he refused to take the honor, and instead he assumed the Ministry of Defense. He was the major influence in Poland for the rest of his life, and he was especially influential in Polish foreign policy."
- ^ "Vieites had formulated a plan that would end war if it were carried out. He wrote extensively on law in general, and in particular on penal legislation."
- ^ "Kelsen had established a constitutional school based on his doctrine of government (the Viennese school). Kelsen stated that a theory of law should validate and give order to law itself, and his doctrine sought to understand the state from a juridical viewpoint not depending on political, social and psychological arrangements. An ardent supporter of a law reaching beyond the single states, Kelsen stressed the importance of establishing a system of international law emancipated from any political views."
- ^ "Efremoff founded and organized the Russian Inter-Parliamentary Group (1909). He worked within the League of Nations to establish an international mediation institution by proposing an International Institute of Conciliation. He published many articles on the subject in the Revue de Droit International."
- ^ "Banerjee was nominated for his book Secrets of Religion and Way to Peace."
- ^ "Roosevelt had taken an active part in the fields of politics, economics and culture in order to secure world peace. He was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
- ^ "As one of the most effective advocates in Great Britain of the League of Nations and the United Nations."
- ^ Ossietzky worked for the organized German peace movement until 1921 (he resigned from his post as secretary of the German Peace Society because he disagreed with its policy). He became foreign editor of the Berliner Volkszeitung, a democratic and anti-militaristic newspaper. Later he became editor of Das Tagebuch and Die Weltbühne. Ossietzky criticized the Nazi Party and the disparities of the Weimar Republic, while he actively advocated justice and democratic rights. He warned against anti-Semitism, opposed the death penalty, supported reconciliation with France, and he advocated the acceptance of Germany as an equal member of the League of Nations. When Hitler became chancellor in 1933 and the Nazi Party became the predominant political power in Germany, Ossietzky was arrested and confined to a concentration camp.
- ^ "When Saavedra Lamas became foreign minister in 1932 he brought Argentina back into active participation in the League of Nations. Saavedra Lamas drafted the Antiwar Pact of 1934, and it was signed by Italy, USA and 14 Latin-American countries. The Antiwar Pact of 1934 was intended as a means to secure an armistice in the Gran Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay. It condemned all forms of aggressive war, and any territorial change not effected by peaceful means was not to be recognized. Saavedra Lamas persuaded the foreign ministers of Bolivia and Paraguay to participate in the sessions of a conciliation commission he had formed, and on June 12, 1935, the two foreign ministers signed protocols ending the hostilities between Bolivia and Paraguay."
- ^ "Evershed wrote extensively on peace to promote fraternity of nations, peace congresses and means to abolish the war-thought. He had initiated and was a member of the Tasmanian branch of the League of Nations, and he actively promoted the League of Nations in Australia."
- ^ "De Mello Franco was nominated for his role as mediator in the conflict between Colombia and Peru."
- ^ "Hull was nominated for his efforts to improve relations between the USA and Latin America. He encouraged détente and a spirit of peace on the American continent through his Pan-American policy, the so-called 'Good Neighbor Policy'. Hull also made efforts to establish a liberal economic policy and to remove international trade restrictions."
- ^ "Coubertin was nominated for his efforts to diminish world tensions by reviving and arranging international Olympic Games for amateur athletes in 1894 onwards. He initiated the founding of the International Olympic Committee, and he was its second president (1896-1925)."
- ^ "Hoare, together with Pierre Laval, was nominated for developing the so-called Hoare-Laval Plan for the partition of Ethiopian territory between Italy and Ethiopia (Abyssinia). The plan clearly favored Italy, and was not implemented due to British opposition."
- ^ "Michael had initiated the use of a poppy as a symbol of remembrance and hope in the aftermath of World War I. It was adopted as the National Emblem in commemoration of American soldiers who perished in France, and in 1920 the American Legion adopted the poppy as the National American Legion Memorial Flower."
- ^ "Morehead had been leading the American Lutheran relief work in Europe since 1919, and since 1921 in Russia especially. This relief work had been initiated by the American National Lutheran Council, of which Morehead became President in 1923. He contributed to the founding of the Lutheran World Convention, and he was elected Honorary President of the Convention in 1935."
- ^ "Ploetz was the founder of racial hygiene in Germany. He was nominated because he issued a warning against the biological consequences that war inflicted upon human reproduction."
- ^ "Vincent was elected President of Haiti in October 1930, by a national assembly (the first since 1918) controlled by nationalists."
- ^ "Trujillo Molina seized power in a military revolt against President Horacio Vásquez in 1930."
- ^ "Irma Schweitzer was the author of the book Sur le chemin de la Paix, which the nominator considered to be eminently suitable for teaching."
- ^ "Bruce promoted peace and goodwill in international politics, and he expounded the ideals of the Australian people when he represented Australia at various international conferences. He was Prime Minister 1923 to 1929, and Australia's representative to the Council of the League of Nations for three years. He was appointed Australian Resident Minister in London 1932, and High Commissioner from 1933."
- ^ "Cases-Carbó promoted Catalan autonomy. He also advocated the formation of a United States of Europe, with a Mediterranean union as its starting point."
- ^ "Fimmen was elected secretary both of the International Federation of Transport Workers and the Association of International Trade Unions in 1919. He was forced to leave the latter in 1923; he had encouraged a joint action by the European trade unions against the new dangers of war and for the protection of the German working class. Fimmen was re-elected in 1924, agitating for a proletarian revolution in order to establish a union of free proletarian republics."
- ^ "Szold had established a home in Palestine for Jewish people, and after 1933 she helped numerous German Jews to a new life in Palestine."
- ^ "Mukherjee was nominated for his pamphlet War and Peace."
- ^ "Gandhi advocated racial, social and political peace, and he was 'a living incarnation of the ideal of peace itself' while leading the Indian nationalist movement in a non-violent struggle against British rule. Gandhi managed to unite conflicting religious groups in peaceful cooperation guided by the ideals of Ahimsa ('noninjury') and Satyagraha ('truth force'). In 1915 he was given the popular title Mahatma (Great Soul) by Rabindranath Tagore."
- ^ "Jouhaux was nominated for his efforts to advocate peace and reconciliation between the French and German working classes after World War I. He actively opposed the capitalist interests of the armament industry. Jouhaux promoted peace through his work in the French and the international labor movement. He was also one of the founders of the International Labor Organization."
- ^ "Ferris was nominated for his brochure The Democratic Constitution, in which he outlined an electoral system which guaranteed unanimity in choice of every spokesman or representative. This would secure perfect harmony in the counsels of all assemblies, local, national, and international."
- ^ "Kautsky was nominated for his works Krieg und Demokratie and Sozialisten und Krieg. He tried to reveal the factors that caused society to go to war and to shed light upon the sociology of war. Kautsky believed that if society knew what caused war, then it would be possible both to prevent war and to establish lasting peace. He based his research on reality and actual facts, and not on some farfetched fantasy. He also fought against civil war ideology."
- ^ "Cérésole was the founder of an international voluntary relief service (Service volontaire international pour la paix). The relief service was to be an alternative for conscientious objectors to ordinary military service. The organization acvocated mutual understanding, helpfulness and brotherhood."
- ^ "Haile Selassie was nominated for his impressive contribution to uniting the African states, and championing the universally accepted principles of law and international politics."
- ^ "Catt was president of the International Female Suffrage Alliance. She initiated the Women's Peace Party in Washington in 1915, and she was one of the delegates to the International Women's Peace Congress at The Hague in 1915. Catt was chairman of the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War 1925-1932. She worked to create greater understanding between persons from different countries."
- ^ "Hitler was the leader of the German Nationalist Socialist Party. The nomination was withdrawn by nominator E. G. C. Brandt, an anti-fascist member of the Swedish parliament who never intended his submission to be taken seriously.
- ^ "Chamberlain was nominated for his contribution to the Munich Agreement (September 30, 1938). The agreement accepted Hitler's claim that Czechoslovakia had to cede the Sudetenland to Germany. It was seen as a successful attempt to prevent the outbreak of a general war in Europe."
- ^ "Churchill was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
- ^ "Livinov was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
- ^ "Smuts was nominated for his efforts to end World War II. South Africa's main role in the war was to help the allies in preventing Germany and Italy from conquering North Africa."
- ^ "Stalin was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
- ^ "Eden was nominated for his efforts to end World War II and for his work to solve the Indo-China conflict."
- ^ "Balch had actively worked for peace since 1915, and she had been one of the leaders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom since 1919. She promoted disarmament, and she opposed US isolationism and neutrality, claiming that neutrality was selfish. Balch strongly advocated the need to resist fascism and aggression through non-violent methods and international co-operation. She also established summer schools to promote peace. During the 1930s she aided Jewish refugees fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Initially she opposed WWII because she opposed all war in general, but she supported US entry into the war in 1941. Balch saw Nazism as the personification of evil and a threat to humanity that had to be stopped."
- ^ "Kollontai was nominated for her diplomatic efforts to end war and hostilities between the Soviet Union and Finland during the negotiations in 1940-44, and for her work for the benefit of the Nordic countries."
- ^ "Boyd Orr was responsible for Great Britain's food policy during World War II, and he actively promoted international coordination of food supplies. In 1945 the UN Food and Agriculture Organization was formally established, and Boyd Orr became its director-general. He initiated the founding of the International Emergency Food Council in 1946, and its aim was to meet the urgent need to revive agricultural production in order to prevent the famine that threatened numerous countries in the world."
- ^ "Beskow was nominated for his work in the Christian peace movement."
- ^ "Curtis was nominated for his efforts to organize general education internationally."
- ^ "Zimmern was an important contributor to the founding of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)."
- ^ "Pius XII was nominated for his peace work during and after World War II."
- ^ "For his work for peace in Germany."
- ^ "Roosevelt was nominated for her work to further understanding between people of different races and between people from different nations, especially while serving as Chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights."
- ^ "Johannes Ude was nominated because of his peace promoting writings, lectures and actions. He has contributed to peace through his relentless resistance to the Nazi regime, his reform policy, and his pacifist work."
- ^ "Aranha was nominated for his peace efforts when he was serving as Brazilian ambassador to the USA, and for his work while serving as president of the UNO."
- ^ "Glasier was nominated for her humanitarian work in England and elsewhere."
- ^ "Molotov was nominated for his efforts to secure peace and democracy during and after World War II."
- ^ "Bustamante advocated international co-operation, especially in Latin America. He wanted to use international law as a means to achieve mutual understanding and to establish a common law system that could be used to solve international disputes."
- ^ "Guerrero was nominated for his work as President of the Permanent International Court of Justice and the International Court of Justice. He was instrumental in ensuring the Court's survival of WWII. In 1945 he published the book Organisation Internationale de la Paix, arguing that an international government invested with limited powers should be established. In 1946 he initiated a conference where five Central-American states discussed the possibility of a federation. Guerrero was considered the most prominent representative of international law and arbitration."
- ^ "Renner was nominated for his peace work during World War I, and for his policy in favour of the principles of the UNO after World War II."
- ^ "Wallenberg was nominated for his efforts to rescue Hungarian Jews during World War II. In 1944, he established 'protected houses' flying the flags of neutral countries, where Jews could be protected from deportation to concentration camps. He also distributed food and clothing to Jewish prisoners and tried to provide some of them with papers and money so that they could escape from the Nazis. Wallenberg advocated peace and humanitarianism through his work for Jewish refugees."
- ^ R. Wallenberg was arrested by Soviet authorities in Hungary in January 1945. He was sent to a prison in the Soviet Union, and it is assumed that he died imprisoned in 1947.
- ^ "For his work for an international Peaceforce."
- ^ "Milhaud was nominated for his works on international political economy."
- ^ "Otto Lehmann-Russbüldt was nominated for his efforts to create free and independent Europe, and his contribution to peace through organizations and literature."
- ^ "Harry S. Truman was nominated for his efforts to promote brotherhood of nations, and establish international associations to achieve a lasting peace."
- ^ 1950: "Cassin was nominated for his work to promote peace and human rights, contributing to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
- ^ "McCoy was nominated for his work to democratize Japan after World War II."
- ^ "Pearson had organized 'The friendship train', a voluntary relief program for Europe."
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Juan and Evita Perón were nominated for their humanitarian efforts in Argentina particularly on promoting labor rights, championing women's suffrage, eliminating poverty and establishing charities to the working-class Argentines."
- ^ "Tocornal was nominated for his contribution to international law, especially Latin American relations."
- ^ "Montessori furthered international understanding through her educational work."
- ^ "Bunche was nominated for his successful mediation in the first Arab-Israeli war (1948-1949). He made the conflicting parties agree to an armistice in 1949. The nominators also emphasized the fact that Bunche was colored, and that the Nobel Committee would contribute to peace itself by awarding the Peace Prize to him."
- ^ "Marshall was nominated for the Marshall Plan (The European Recovery Program) which he proposed in 1947. The nominator emphasized the Marshall Plan's value as a peace-keeping factor."
- ^ "Häfliger was nominated for his work as representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross during World War II."
- ^ "King Paul I was nominated for his contribution to end the Greek civil war. The nominators emphasized the importance of his efforts in the cause of peace."
- ^ "Reves was nominated for his work to establish a world government."
- ^ "Evatt was nominated for his work in United Nations."
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Mensching and Trocmé were nominated on behalf of the American Friends Service Committee."
- ^ "Lemkin was nominated for his efforts to prevent genocide and for his contribution to the convention concerning genocide."
- ^ "Nehru established parliamentary government in India, and he had been one of the principal leaders of the independence movement. He was nominated for his neutralist foreign policy and for upholding the same principles as Gandhi."
- ^ "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was nominated for his courageous struggle for peace and reconciliation among the nations. Through his work in international organizations like U.N.E.S.C.O and his intellectual pre-eminence and scholarly writings Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan has consistently laboured for international Peace. He is noted for promoting international understanding by emphasising the unity of spiritual values and the great thruths which have been revealed to all."
- ^ "Chauduri was nominated for his book A Constitution for World Government and for his work for World Peace and World Federation."
- ^ "Corti founded the first Pestalozzi Children's Village in Switzerland to care for orphans and refugees displaced by the World War II."
- ^ "Hutchins worked for international understanding and for the establishment of a world government."
- ^ "Clarence Streit was nominated for his conception of a Federal Union of the self-governing democracies. The work done by Mr. Streit in supporting a convention of the Atlantic Democracies was of substantial corollary benefit toward the unity of the western world. Streit was noted for his work to establish a world government and for cooperation in Europe."
- ^ "Allawerdi promoted music as an important factor in international peace work."
- ^ "Dobson was nominated for his philanthropism, especially his efforts to fund international friendship journeys."
- ^ "Honegger was nominated for his effort to promote international understanding through educational means."
- ^ "Hyde was nominated for his authorship on international law and his significant scholarly contribution to several arbitration cases."
- ^ "Jackson was nominated for his contribution to the prosecution of German war criminals in the Nuremberg trials."
- ^ "Paulet was nominated for his work for reconciliation between different classes and nationalities through the organization Parti Travailliste Français."
- ^ "Shawcross was the chief British prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials (1945-46). He was nominated for his contribution to the prosecution of German war criminals and his determination to bring justice to the victims of the war."
- ^ "Queen Wilhelmina was nominated for her involvement in the summoning of the two peace conferences at The Hague in 1897 and 1907. She was also nominated for her philanthropic effort during World War I, her strong opposition to Nazism and her contribution to the liberation of colonial areas."
- ^ "Vauthier was the founder and the director of the International University Sanitarium in Leysin in Switzerland. He promoted international understanding."
- ^ "Buchmann was nominated for his peace efforts, especially his work in the Moral Rearmament movement. He founded the movement in 1920s as the Oxford Group. It based its teaching on the 'Four Absolutes' (honesty, purity, unselfishness, love). Later, as the MRA (1938), it became more involved in political and social issues, particularly during the Cold War period when its anticommunist orientation found a receptive climate."
- ^ "Dreyfus was nominated for a book about the presupposition of a world organization."
- ^ "Trygve Halvdan Lie was nominated for his great contributions to many peaceful solutions in international conflicts, as former Secretary-General of the UN he has been a great promotor of international peace."
- ^ "For his contribution in founding the United Nations and his literary work on international issues."
- ^ "Lester Bowles Pearson was nominated for his effective contribution to the organization of a firm structure of peace an international organization. Pearson has been largely responsible for the growth of Canadas influence in world affairs, and has on several occasions played a leading role as mediator and negotiator in the crises which the United Nations has had to face."
- ^ "For his work for a World Government."
- ^ "For his contribution to bring about reconsiliation between the Great Power Countries and th United Nations."
- ^ "For his contribution in international cooperation, in particular on questions on undeveloped areas, and as president for UN's 4th General Assembly."
- ^ "Nominated for his books on World Government."
- ^ "Nominated for her book Creators of the modern Spirit."
- ^ "Nominated for his Pan-American work and his contribution for creating international understanding."
- ^ "For his literary work on social-political and international issues."
- ^ "Nominated for having founded a reform school in Heidelberg in 1910 and later after moving to Switzerland a similar school there, the Ecole d'Humanité."
- ^ "Kersten was nominated for his work to save civilian POWs from German concentration camp, his contribution to peace and his efforts to save human lives during the Second World War."
- ^ "For her work for reconciliation and work in Pestalozzi Children Village in Switzerland."
- ^ "For his work as UN Commisionar in Eritrea"
- ^ "For his work as Secretary General in The Interparlamentarian Union."
- ^ "For his work to improve economic undeveloped areas."
- ^ "For his literary work on international problems."
- ^ "For his work for establishing the International Court of Justice."
- ^ "Nominated for his work as UN negotiator in the Netherland/Indonesia conflict, and as UN representative in India and Pakistan."
- ^ "For his work in the League of Nations and UN."
- ^ "Nominated for his work in UN and his work for Pan-americanism."
- ^ "Candido Mariano de Silva Rondon was nominated for his activities in favour of the indians of Brazil. He also promoted peace while acting as a president of the Arbitration Committee in the conflict between Columbia and Peru, concerning Leticia."
- ^ "Margaret Sanger was nominated for her outstanding ability to see the serious consequences of uncontrolled increase of population."
- ^ "For his work as leader of Worlds Health Organisation andfor creating a most valuable tool for peace through their literary works."
- ^ "Josué de Castro was nominated for his active part in all organisations working for world peace, especially his outstanding service to the establishment of permanent peace and towards the abolishment of hunger."
- ^ "For his book The Tragedy of the Baltic States and his work in a D.P. camp."
- ^ "Nominated for the international importance of her work for deaf and blind people, and for showing the stimulating effect of The International Brotherhood Idea."
- ^ "Nominated for his work for reconciliation among nations."
- ^ "Earl Attlee was nominated for his fine work for the cause of world government, amongst other work, speaking on numerous occasions in the House of Lords and for his support to the League of Nations before 1939 and to the United Nations since 1945."
- ^ "For his work for peace and his country."
- ^ "Davies was nominated for his work for a World Parliament. He was a member of the Liberal Party and was the leader of the party from 1945 til 1956 and was also President of the Parliamentary Association for World Government."
- ^ "He has, since 1904, used his life for better understanding between East and West and for promoting peace in the world."
- ^ "For his effort in negotiations ending the Indochina War."
- ^ "For his work for a democratic Germany, and for including Germany in a European Community."
- ^ "Gertrude Baer was nominated for her able and devoted service to the Women´s International League for Peace and Freedom."
- ^ "Dwight Eisenhower was nominated for his many acts to prevent war and ensure world Peace, and for his work for peace and for his "atoms for peace" program presented for the U.N."
- ^ "William V. S. Tubman was nominated for his efforts in favor of the independence movement in Africa and his work to ensure democratic conditions in the new states."
- ^ "For his work for peace and reconciliation."
- ^ "He has discovered the fundamentals of peace amongst the various races whose Creeds differ, namely accepting the one Harmonizing Fact of One Great Spirit."
- ^ "For his work as an artist and humanitarian."
- ^ "Martin Buber was nominated for his effort of creating an understanding between Israelis and Arabs."
- ^ "Frank Charles Laubach was nominated for his devoted work to equalize the opportunities off all people. In particular, he instigated and was the Chief Executor of a program to dispell illiteracy in all parts of the world."
- ^ "Dominique Pire was nominated for his work to aid refugees in Europe. Also for his idea of creating homes for elderly refugees by making European villages is very original, but very practical."
- ^ "Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld was nominated for his effective personal efforts to create peace. Hammarskjöld has contributed to the establishment of peace in the world in may ways, especially through his position as Secretary-General of the UN."
- ^ "Jan Bata was the founder and chief executor of a large-scale, self-supporting colonization project in Brazil, the humanitarian scope and non-political nature of his work towards peace was particularly worthy of recognition."
- ^ "Ole Fredrik Olden was nominated for his contribution to peace through his lectures, as chairman in the Norwegian Peace Organization and the Norwegian Peace Council, and as the Chief Editor of the Norwegian peace publication Verden Venter. His speeches at the international congresses have been of great value and inspiration."
- ^ "Alfred Parker was nominated for his initiative to nominate August 6th (the International Peace Commemoration Day), and organizing the International Peace Committee. Dr. Parker was also the founder of a peace movement where fruit trees are planted in big cities to secure foods to be divided to all citizens concerned."
- ^ "Charles Gibrin was nominated for his work for 'brotherhood of man' by adopting common measures to protect against nuclear danger, and take lead in the defence of peace because when better organized, risk of being attacked is less."
- ^ "Boris Gourevitch was nominated for composing the two volume work, The Road to Peace and to Moral Democracy. This work necessitated twelve years of research and writing, describes a thorough and coherent doctrine for the redirection of international law and of the world economy into paths leading to peace and social progress."
- ^ "For his exceptional talents to create harmony between the people´s and the organization of peace among Nations"
- ^ "Joseph Retinger was nominated for European cooperation."
- ^ "Mehr Chand Davar was nominated for working ceaselessly and devotedly for the cause of national and international peace and promoting Hindu-Muslim unity."
- ^ "Norman Cousins was nominated for his services to the ideas of world peace, and for challenging the policy and practice of nuclear defense and warfare."
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Alva and Gunnar Myrdal were nominated for their many services to the international community and their promotion of international understanding."
- ^ "Lady Baden-Powell was nominated for her international contribution as a founder of the Scout movement for girls."
- ^ "Robert Debré was nominated for his work worldwide with child protection."
- ^ "Werenfried Van Straaten was nominated for his work with helping clerical refugees from Eastern Europe."
- ^ "Constantine Diamantopoulos was nominated for his authorship about international subjects."
- ^ "Norman Bentwich was nominated for his contribution of encouraging the understanding between races and nations."
- ^ "Louis Sohn, together with Grensville Clark, was nominated for engaging in comprehensive efforts to formulate in full detail world institutions which are essential for the achievement of total disarmament and the establishment of effective world law for the prevention of war."
- ^ "Grenville Clark was nominated for working towards developing an effective organization for world peace, which resulted in his book World Peace through World Law. He has also been meeting with the leaders of the world to advance the cause of world peace."
- ^ "Beniamino Bufano was nominated for his work for folk reconciliation."
- ^ "Oskar Helmer was nominated for his work with refugees."
- ^ "Nobusuka Kishi was nominated for his work for disarmament and banning of nuclear weapons."
- ^ "Howard A. Rusk was nominated for his rehabilitation work."
- ^ "Bichare Tabbah was nominated for his juristical work and authorship."
- ^ "Felix Kir was nominated for his work with mutual 'adoption' of cities around the world."
- ^ "Basil O'Connor was nominated for his humanitarian contribution internationally regarding poliomyelitis."
- ^ "Eugene Black was nominated as President of the Internal Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Through the years he has facilitated the development of electric power, roads, sea ports, factories, schools and health care all over the World."
- ^ "Charles Braibant was nominated for his contribution to international cooperation between archivists, for his work in the cause of peace through his wrintings with a strong pacifist convition, and his work with International Archive Associations and facilitating understanding between people of different nationalities."
- ^ "Hermann Gmeiner was nominated for his work with the SOS Children's Villages as it promotes understanding and reconciliation between people, and providing a solution to one of the most painful post-war problems."
- ^ "Frederick Buick was nominated in recognition of his dedicated work for the cause of world peace. With his devotion to this all important cause he has accomplished a great deal for its consummation during major crisises. He is a contributor and editor of the bulletin The Gist."
- ^ "Raoul Follereau was nominated for his exemplary devotion to the cause of the lepers, with a decisive influence on the outcome of the battle against leprosy."
- ^ "Cyrus S. Eaton was nominated for his contribution with organizing the so-called 'Pugwash-conference' with participants of well-known scientists from various countries, and for his unswerving devotion to friendship and understanding among nations of the world, especially between the Soviet Union and the United States."
- ^ "Umberto Campagnolo was nominated for his contribution to the European cultural debate."
- ^ "Albert J. Luthuli was nominated for his non-violence methods in the struggle for equality between races in South Africa."
- ^ "Linus Pauling was nominated for his lectures and initiating debates concerning the importancy of demolishing or restricting weapons of mass destruction."
- ^ Pauling is the second nominee to win two Nobel Prizes after Marie Curie.
- ^ "Arnaldo Fortini was nominated for his work with national reconciliation since World War I."
- ^ "José Gonzales Garcia was nominated for his work with inter-American cooperation."
- ^ "Marie Elisabeth Lüders was nominated for her work with understanding between peoples."
- ^ Jump up to: a b "The twinbrothers Angelo and Salvatore Jaguinto was nominated for their work with an international legal system since 1914."
- ^ "Gertrud Kurz-Hohl was nominated for her consistent work for refugees, and initiating the Austrian Peace Service, one of three branches within the organization Austrian Service Abroad. She has tirelessly worked for peace through reconciliation and understanding between the people of the World."
- ^ "Giulia Scappino Murena was nominated in the hope that her voice, singing about human brotherhood, will become a sign of harmony for the divided humanity."
- ^ "Lotta Hitchmanova was nominated for her opposition to the Nazi regime during the second world war, her work with refugees, and organizing the small beginnings of the Unitarian Service Committee."
- ^ "Lutz was nominated for his humanitarian efforts to save Hungarian Jews from Nazi persecution when he was Swiss ambassador in Budapest during the Second World War."
- ^ "Luigi Spinelli was nominated for having written Pace universale e governo dei popoli."
- ^ "Fenner Brockway was nominated for throughout his entire life having worked unremittingly for peace, for freedom and for human well-being."
- ^ "Vinoba Bhave was nominated for his long commitment to peace and social reform, and great work for peace in the middle of Asia."
- ^ "Charles Alexandrowicz was nominated for founding the Indian Year Book of International Affairs and the Grotian Society, and through these strengthening the bonds between the nations of the world, especially those of Asia and the West."
- ^ "Danilo Dolci was nominated for the social and peace-promoting work to which he has dedicated his life, helping the desperately poor in western Sicily and his considerable success in leading them in nonviolent ways."
- ^ "Mrs. Alexander Hadden was nominated for her co-founding of the Institute of World Affairs."
- ^ "Urho Kekkonen was nominated for his tireless efforts and success at keeping peace and security in the Nordic countries, and therefore contributing to civic peace and reconciliation in the World."
- ^ "Dr. E. Stanley Jones was nominated for his more than 50 year long missionary work in India. Through his Christian preaching he has contributed to reconciliation and inspired Christian values amongst people. He has also authored many literary works."
- ^ "Fritz von Unruh was nominated for his poetry and literary impact on the German society after the Second World War. Through his literary work and his speeches, he has served the cause of peace and understanding amongst peoples."
- ^ "James William Fulbright was nominated for his significant role in the initiation or support of U.S Government policies such as the provision of economic and technical assistance to other nations, disarmament under international supervision, and persistent support for self-determination on the part of the people of the old colonial empires."
- ^ "Bertrand Russell was nominated as a philosopher, teacher and writer promoting Peace and preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, and for focusing his energy and abilities to the work of preventing a third war and thermonuclear extermination of millions of human beings."
- ^ "Catherine Devilliers was nominated for her book Lieutanant Katia describing events under the Second World War."
- ^ "Heinrich Grüber was nominated for his work during the Nazi Regime in Germany on behalf of persecuted persons. He has later continued his work for racial, religious and political minorities, and is fighting discrimination wherever it may appear."
- ^ "Stella Monk was nominated because of her achievements as director of the Commonwealth Friendship Movement. Her dedication to creating friendship, mutual understanding, and respect among people in the Commonwealth has contributed to unity and friendly co-operation between the nations of the World."
- ^ "Fook-Woo Poon was nominated for his literary work. His book Welfare State is a practical and concrete contribution to ensure world Peace."
- ^ "Daisetz Suzuki was nominated for his high cultural achievements."
- ^ "Stephen Galatti was nominated as founder and director of American Field Service International Scholarships. Through his organization he as contributed to spreading knowledge and understanding between the countries, and in this way laid the foundation for peaceful coexistence."
- ^ "Adolfo Lopez Mateos was nominated for his many action to create a more peaceful world. He is pacifist and humanitarian, and has done much to prevent war."
- ^ "Gordon Gilkey was nominated for advocating peace and international understanding to preserve the monuments of life and art through education and international cultural understanding."
- ^ "Yogi Maharshi Makesh was nominated for his work for individual inner peace, peace within the community and for world peace, and for founding the Spiritual Regeneration Movement, and through his meditation method which has brought peace to hundreds of thousands of people."
- ^ "Paul Gray Hoffman was nominated for his work and administration of the Marshall plan. In addition he has served on the Boards of Directors of numerous organizations, working in unofficial ways to promote understanding and world co-operation."
- ^ "Josip Bros Tito was nominated for his persistent fight for peace and justice in the World."
- ^ "Martin Luther King Jr. was nominated for his work and witness which promotes the dignity and worth of the human person, and for his efforts in a nonviolence campaign in favor of the civil rights of blacks in the United States."
- ^ "Jess Gorkin was nominated for proposing and campaigning for the direct telephone connection (The Hot Line) between Washington and Moscow which was established in 1963."
- ^ "Josef Lukl Hromádka was nominated for his efforts in the ecumenical movement, and working for peace and understanding between people."
- ^ "Lyndon Baines Johnson was nominated for his devotion to world sympathy and understanding, and for steering American foreign policy towards peaceful channels with an adherence to international cooperation."
- ^ "Woodland Kahler was nominated for his work as President of the International Vegetarian Union, whose work encourage fraternization across borders and species."
- ^ "Joseph Needham was nominated for his efforts to tear down ancient barriers which divide mankind, especially those between China and the west. His work Science and Civilisation in China is his main effort."
- ^ "Paul-Henri Spaak was nominated for advocating with eloquence and conviction for a close union of the European countries, highlighting the community of culture that exists."
- ^ "Norman Thomas was nominated for his effort to achieve the test ban treaty and universal disarmament, and his wholehearted dedication to the cause of peace."
- ^ "Hans Thirring was nominated for his work in the international peace movement and his fight against the misindoctrination of youth through the educational system. His involvement in UNESCO and the Pugwash conferences is also emphasized."
- ^ "Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was nominated for introducing important social reforms in Iran that helped secure peace in the Middle East, and negotiating in a conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan from 1961 to 1963."
- ^ "Guido Guida was nominated for founding the 'Centro Internazionale Radio-Medico', an organization that offers medical advice to all seaborne vessels that need it, promoting the idea that humanity is without borders."
- ^ "Abraham Vereide was nominated for his work towards the elimination of war from society, and efforts toward world-brotherhood and interracial fraternity through his Christian payer and action group."
- ^ "Marc Joux was nominated for his work to create a climate for thought and action, a public movement, in favour of enhancing human condiions and a grander peace, and in bringing forth ideas that may create a movement to facilitate a broad and solid international understanding in a climate of détente and security."
- ^ "Karl Arne Geijer was nominated for his valuable work in the international trade union movement. This work has contributed to the lessening of world tensions and has facilitated the ordlerly transformation of many areas from a colonial status to independence. He has made a significant contribution to the peace of the world."
- ^ "Mohammed Hedjazi was nominated for his eminence as a pacifist writer."
- ^ "Galo Plaza Lasso was nominated for his extensive and successfull [sic] peace-making, and the unusual ability he has demonstrated in this work. He has a career of distinguished national service, and has been willing to undertake arduous, hazardous and extremely vital international assignments in pursuit of peace."
- ^ "Adlai Ewig Stevenson II was nominated for his great and lasting contribution to the cause of world peace through his diplomatic skill in the council halls of the United Nations."
- ^ "Shigeru Yoshida was nominated for his efforts to prevent the Pacific War although it was in vain, and his devotion to the restoration of peace."
- ^ "Situ U Thant was nominated for his efforts in promoting peace as a representant of his country and later as secretary-general of the UN, and for his efforts to create the conditions that are necessary for negotiation, which in their turn could lead to peace and relieve tension in the world."
- ^ "Paulus VI was nominated for his efforts for universal reconciliation, shown in various statements that was given during his visit to Jordan and Israel."
- ^ "Jan Tinbergen was nominated for contributing to a more rational economic policy and co-ordinated planning in western countries, and devoting himself to the improvement of standards of living in poor countries."
- ^ "Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba was nominated for his efforts towards a peaceful coexistence between the Arab world and Israel."
- ^ "Joseph Leo Cardijn was nominated for his great achievements for the cause of peace through the worldwide establishment of the movement he founded, the Young Christian Workers, and his untiring quest for universal brotherhood resting on social justice."
- ^ "Leopold Sedar Senghor was nomianted for his efforts to bring people together in friendship and cultural understanding."
- ^ "Adam Rapacki was nominated for having done pioneering work in expanding and strengthening Poland's foreign relations, thus paving the way to relaxation of tension and to the consolidation of friendly relations and cooperation between East and West.."
- ^ "Joaquin Sanz Gadea was nominated for his humanitarian activities as a doctor in contributing to the peace in Stanleyville and in Kisangani, without thinking of politics, race or religion."
- ^ "Kathiresu Ramachandra was nominated for having dedicated his life to the cause of peace. His peace mission promotes inter-communal, inter-racial harmony on the local levels, inter-religious harmony and international understanding and peace."
- ^ "Binay Ranjan Sen was nominated for his exceptional contribution to the peace of the world through his work at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)."
- ^ "Susan Ryder was nominated for her personal dedication and inspiring example and leadership to encourage the forces of mercy and compassion against those of brutality and aggression, leading to war."
- ^ "Quincy Wright was nominated for his work as an international jurist, social scientist, and pioneer of peace research."
- ^ "Norman Ernest Borlaug was nominated because of the great impact his research on wheat has had in the field of food distribution in developing countries. Such an improvement on the social and economic circumstances of people in the poor part of the world is an important contribution to the creation of a stabile international environment."
- ^ "Alfonso Garcia Robles was nominated for his work in negotiating the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, and for his other services to international goodwill and understanding."
- ^ "Yoshio Koya was nominated for his many outstanding services to humanity. It is largely through his pioneering efforts as a world-renowned gynaecologist that the birth rate and rate of induced abortions in Japan have declined."
- ^ "Eric Wyndham White was nominated for his ability to protect the principle of international economy, establish the foundation for future development of the world trade, and preserve the world peace in this way."
- ^ "Y. C. James Yen was nominated for having devoted his life to finding effective solutions to common problems that plague the rural population in developing countries, and enabling them to realize their great human potential, for the ultimate benefit of themselves and of all mankind. He has contributed in a most effective manner to strengthening the foundations of world peace."
- ^ "Halvard Lange was nominated for his valiant effort on behalf of effectively organizing and maintaining the peaceful coexistence of all nations, for his efforts to normalize the circumstances in Europe after the Second World War and further reconciliation and understanding. He has given his whole life to the service of peace and understanding between peoples."
- ^ "Ralph White was nominated for his many scientific contributions to brotherhood among nations by advancing the scientific study of psychological causes of international misunderstanding and war."
- ^ "John S. Knight was nominated for having courageously waged an editorial campaign for the causes of international and domestic peace for decades. By personal example and as a publisher and editor of several distinguished newspapers he has been a leader in the fight for tolerance."
- ^ "Frans Hemerijckx was nominated for devoting his life to help people suffering from leprosy in Africa and Asia."
- ^ "Vincent Ferrer was nominated for having revitalized an ever-widening area of famine-threatened India with a movement based on the most fundamental of human values, a most significant contribution to the achievement of peace in our age. His work recognizes a significant change in the objective of missionary endeavours and leads directly to uplifting the poor and exploited by means of education and self-help projects."
- ^ "René Maheu was nominated as Director General of UNESCO. The organization and its achievements have born the impress of his leadership, which has been marked by extraordinary vision, strength and wisdom."
- ^ "Ernst Bloch was nominated as a representative of the prophetic-messianic ideas and the peace idea."
- ^ "John Collins was nominated for his devotion and altruistic work towards the cause of peace. He has also undertaken great humanitarian efforts through organizations like the Christian Action and the Defence and Aid International, which he created."
- ^ "Giorgio la Pira was nominated for his work as a scholar and teacher, and as an indefatigable promoter of initiatives in favor of peace in the world."
- ^ "Alexander Dubček was nominated for the vital contributions he has made to the interest of enduring peace. He has never lost sight of the ultimate goal of trying to bring about an effective formula for total disarmament among the great powers with an accepted system of mutual inspection."
- ^ "William Chapman Foster was nominated for his most praiseworthy endeavor towards and recognition of the need of peace for all mankind, especially in connection with bringing to fruition the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and all that he has contributed to the cause of peace since he was made Director of the United States Arms Control Agency and Disarmament Agency."
- ^ "John Davison Rockefeller was nominated for, throughout his life, having attempted to contribute to peace and the well-being of mankind without regard to race, religion, ideological differences, diversity of national origin or cultural background."
- ^ "Noam Chomsky was nominated for his great practical and theoretical contribution to the American peace movement, and hence to the cause of world peace."
- ^ "Harry Willis Miller was nominated for his work to build the foundations for world peace."
- ^ "Kaoru Hatoyama was nominated for her contribution to the reopening of diplomatic relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R., and Japan's entry into the United Nations, for her contribution to the Yuai (fraternity) movement and for her achievements as an educator."
- ^ "William Bertalan Walsh was nominated as the founder, president and medical director of Project HOPE, the world's first peacetime hospital ship. HOPE's accomplishments in international understanding, friendship and health have, and will continue to have, an effect on world peace."
- ^ "Herman B. Wells was nominated for being a pioneer and a continuing and successful protagonist in the struggle towards peace."
- ^ "Athenagoras I was nominated for his work to bring together and harmonize the different churches in a spirit of true Christianity."
- ^ "Paul Dudley White was nominated for his extraordinary merit for peaceful understanding and friendly co-operation between cardiologists all over the world. He has dedicated his life to furthering the liberal ideas of international humanism and demonstrating how small and large countries can participate in the friendly settlement of serious medical problems."
- ^ "Alfred Verdross was nominated for his works, teachings, and efforts to strengthen solidarity between peoples and establish a world order that promotes the well-being of mankind. He has, theoretically and practically, in Austria and in the whole world, worked towards peace and its institutional realization."
- ^ "Radwanski was nominated for his literary work which has opened the prospect of a new and realizable level of international harmony above all racial, national, and ideological boundaries."
- ^ "Charles Kaisel Bliss was nominated for creating a most valuable tool for peace through his literary works."
- ^ "Spurgeon Milton Keeny was nominated for his dedication and concern for the welfare of humanity. He has devotedly worked towards bettering the state of life for peoples in the world and contributed greatly to the fight against diseases and later population control in Asia."
- ^ "Elie Wiesel was nominated for being a messenger of peace and brotherhood, fighting in for the cause of human rights and building bridges between generations through his literary works."
- ^ "François Duvalier was nominated for his philosophy and his work for the poor masses of his country."
- ^ "Britta Holmström was nominated for her pioneering work with refugees, initiating Praghjälpen (Prague Aid) and contributing greatly to the possibility of world peace."
- ^ "Eugene Carson Blake was nominated for being a leader in the ecumenical movement, civil and human rights, and world peace."
- ^ "Isaac Lewin was nominated for his literary works and his fight against discrimination and for the promotion of human rights."
- ^ "Hélder Câmara was nominated for his unique role in one of the poorest areas of Latin-America as a leader of the progressive minority of the Catholic Church. Furthermore, he has been a leading spokesman for non-violent methods to further social change and he has played an important international role by contributing to a greater understanding in industrialized countries of the social reality in one of the poorest areas in the world."
- ^ "Willy Brandt was nominated for his part in bringing about accords that have been among the most important events in the post-war period in favour of international détente and peace. His conduct was both a great symbol of humility and remorse for the past and a great promise for the future."
- ^ "R. Buckminster Fuller was nominated for his seminal vision of a world community in which architecture among other arts can create common positive goals to bring people together."
- ^ "Arvid Pardo was nominated for his exceptional initiative and outstanding contribution in promoting the peaceful uses of the ocean bed for the benefit of all mankind."
- ^ "Cesar Chavez was nominated for the quality of leadership he has shown in the long struggle of farmworkers for human dignity. Through persevering efforts, he seeks to combat poverty and injustice and build a new quality of relationship between men."
- ^ "Herbert York was nominated his efforts to de-escalate the arms race and keep political decisions in the hands of representatives of the people and away from machines and military men. He has been a civilizing influence on the government of his country."
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Tage Erlander and Einar Gerhardsen were nominated for contributing to co-operative policy in the Nordic countries and further understanding and tolerance across borders."
- ^ "Lyudmil Stoyanov was nominated for being an outstanding peace partisan, anti-fascist, and humanist. He has been an outstanding fighter for peace, social progress and the welfare of all people."
- ^ "Randolph P. Compton was nominated for his impressive work for peace."
- ^ "Carl E. C. Bonnevie was nominated for his tireless work for the cause of peace."
- ^ "Stefan Wyszynski was nominated for his efforts to mediate disputes and prevent violence which could have had tragic consequences for social order and peace."
- ^ "Francisco Arasa was nominated for his initiatives and work to create better understanding among men, which are of extraordinary importance for peace in our time."
- ^ "Michel Stassinopoulos was nominated for his courage to uphold the law over directives from the Colonels to remove a judge."
- ^ "Jean Monnet was nominated for his utmost important contribution to securing long lasting peace."
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Claudio Villas Bôas and Orlando Villas Bôas were nominated in recognition of their lifelong struggle to save the Indians in Amazonia, and their unique achievements in approaching and pacifying primitive tribes and protecting them in Brazil's first national park."
References
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- ^ Tønnesson, Øyvind (1999-12-01). "Controversies Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination of The Permanent International Peace Bureau (Switzerland), Élie Ducommun (Switzerland) and Frédéric Passy (France) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1903". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Passy". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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- ^ "Nomination Archive – Czar Nikolai II of Russia". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Beniamino Pandolfi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lord Julian Pauncefote of Preston". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Policarpo Petrochi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Spencer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination Archive – Louis Constant Vauthier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – N J Pierlin". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Merlin Hector". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustave Moynier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jan Jacob Lodewijk ten Kate". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Fyodor Fyodorovich (Frédéric) Martens". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lev Nikolaevich (Leo) Tolstoy". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – William Thomas Stead". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Eduard Loewenthal". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Belva Ann Lockwood". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolf Richter". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination of Benjamin Franklin Trueblood (United States), Otto Umfrid (Germany), The Danish Peace Association (Denmark), The Norwegian Peace Association (Norway) and The Swedish Peace and Arbitration League (Sweden) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1915". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Umfrid". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Chevalier Edouard Eugène F Descamps". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gaetano (Umano0 Meale". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Guglielmo Ferrero". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Fredrik Bajer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Klas Pontus Arnoldson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Cesare Bounfanti". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Kamarowsky". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Johann Martin Schleyer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John E Matthew Vincent". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Lewis Appleton (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1902". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Bartolo Longo (Italy) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1903". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Bartolo Longo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jules Polo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Don Arturo de Marcoartu". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Urbain Gohier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerald A Lowther". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir William Barrington". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Moritz Adler". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Stanislaus von Korwin-Dzbanski". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Mathis Lussy". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Emil Strauss". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John Theodor Lund". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Henry Love". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hodgson Pratt". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Priscilla Hannah Peckover". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Renault". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant (Baron de Constant de Rébecque)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsen (Norway), Fredrik Bajer (Denmark) and Klas Pontus Arnoldson (Sweden) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1904". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Bion". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Augusto Pierantoni". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Worthington Statham". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Henriette Verdier Vinteler de Weindeck (France) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1904". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of William Evans Darby (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1907". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Nomination of Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen (France), Émile Arnaud (France), Adolph Ricther (Germany), Ludwig Quidde (Germany), J. G. Alexander (United Kingdom), William Evans Darby (United Kingdom) and Felix Stone Moscheles (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1914". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – William Evans Darby". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Julien Hersant". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Arfa Mirza Rhiza Khan". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Smet de Naeyer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Thomas Barclay". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Bartholdt". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Theodore Roosevelt". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Hjalmar Branting". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Francisco Francisco y Diaz". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John Milton Hay". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Léon Walras". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John Westlake". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles William Smith". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest Nys". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of William McDowell (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1917". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – William O McDowell". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edvard Wavrinsky". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John William Strawson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Erving Winslow". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Adam Wiszniewski". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – C Leadbetter". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Baron Pierre Dutilh de la Tuque". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Otfried Nippold". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Lazare Zamenhof". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Russell Lowell Jones". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Luigi Luzzati". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert Keith Smiley". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Andrew Carnegie". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Francis Joseph I". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Vrba". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Rafael Altamira y Crevea". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Auguste-Marie-François Beernaert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Hermann Fried". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Elihu Root (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1910". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elihu Root". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Nagao Ariga". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Frost". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sebastião Magalhães Lima". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Robert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos Tobar". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Clifford Stevens Walton (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1909". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Pasquale Fiore". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexandre Mérignhac". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – David Starr Jordan". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Marie La Fontaine". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Alphonse de Bourbon et d'Autriche-Este". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – H Davenport". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Victor Hugo Duras". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – André Liaptchew". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Milovan G Milovanovitch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lord Philip James Weardale (Stanhope)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Angela de Oliveira Cezar de Costa". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Charles Wright Macara". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jakob Münter". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Michel Tyszkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Tobias Michael Carel Asser". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John Raleigh Mott". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Baron José Maria da Silva Rio Branco (Paranhos Jr)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Ernest Shackleton (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1911". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Sergey Yulyevich Witte". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gaston Moch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Felix Stone Moscheles". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Philipp Zorn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Wilhelm Emperor William II". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Émile Arnaud". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Albert Apponyi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Wilhelm Förster". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Ralph Norman Angell Lane". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Robert Richet". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jerome Internoscia". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maxim Maximovich Kovalevsky". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Federico Poch Martinez". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marquis Ramonde Dalmau d´Olivart". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – (Paul) Martin Rade". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Estanislas Severo Zeballos". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Nomination of Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne (Viscount Cecil of Chelwood) (United Kingdom), Knut Hammarskjöld (Sweden), Baron Albéric Rolin-Jacquemyns (Belgium), Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen (France), Walter Schücking (Germany) and James Brown Scott (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1922". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination of Théodore Ruyssen (France) and Helene Stöcker (Germany) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Anna Eckstein". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Auguste Benjamin H Houzeau de Lehaie". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Feldhaus". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Guido Fusinato". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Captain Frederick William Herbert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edwin Doak Mead". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lucia True Ames Mead". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – William Howard Taft". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Benjamin Franklin Trueblood". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Frederik von Savornin Lohman". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Sundblad". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Tomás Garrigue Masaryk". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Christian Lous Lange". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ludwig Quidde". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Luis Marìa Drago". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Émile Riquiez". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Wssewolod Tscheschichin". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edoardo Giretti". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Homer Le Roy Boyle". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Antonio Serra y Morant". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Enrico Bignami". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Nils Claus Ihlen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Knut Agathon Wallenberg". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Svetomir Nicolayevitch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John Milton Ross". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Stein". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gennaro Tambaro". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Graham Worsley". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Heinrich Lammasch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – (Giacomo della Chiesa) Benedict XV". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert I". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Josef Polak". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jane Addams". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – P Ahlberg". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Erico M. Gama Coelho". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ludwig Weyringer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of James Jankings Bryan (s. l.) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1916". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Josef Scherrer-Füllemann". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfonso XIII". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Don Alfonso de Borbón y Habsburgo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – James Brown Scott". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Rosika Schwimmer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Thomas Woodrow Wilson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – T Sandstøl". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Georg Brandes (Denmark) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1918". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Mary L. Christensen (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1918". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Mary Shapard". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Walther Adrian Schücking". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Pietro Gasparri". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Benjamin de Jong van Beek en Donk". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Julius Laasen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Désiré-Joseph, Cardinal Mercier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Svante Elis Strömgren". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Jakob Horst". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Madame Séverine". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gérôme Périnet". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Francesco Quacquarelli". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Giovanni d´Ajutolo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Herbert Clark Hoover (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1941". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Clark Hoover". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Fridtjof Nansen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Viscount Cecil of Chelwood". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Edward Grey (Lord Grey of Falloden)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Viktor Clausen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Eglantyne Jebb". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – David Lloyd George". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Griffith". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacques Dumas". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jules Jean Prudhommeaux". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Warren Gamaliel Harding". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John Maynard Keynes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Francesco Saverio Nitti". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Baron Albéric Rolin-Jacquemyns". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elsa Brändström". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Evans Hughes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Hymans". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Carl Lindhagen (Sverige) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Albert Lindhagen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Zeth Konstantin Höglund". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Macartney". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Axel Svensson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Ferrière". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Axel Theodor Adelswärd". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – André Weiss". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Eugene Victor Debs". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edmund Dene Morel". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edouard Lambert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Teixeira Mendes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sultan Sir Mohammed Shah Aga Khan III". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Fauchille". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Giovanni Papini". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Carl of Sweden". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – John Hartman Morgan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ferdinand Edouard Buisson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Nils (Niels) Petersen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustav Walker". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ramsay MacDonald". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination of Deutsche Liga für die Menschenrechte (German League for Human Rights) (Germany), Ligue francaise pour la défense des droits de l'homme (French League for the Defense of Human Rights) (France), Ferdinand Édouard Buisson (France) and Hellmut von Gerlach (Germany) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1925". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hellmut von Gerlach". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – N Henri Demont". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Demont". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – François David". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination of Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (France) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1932". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Aristide Pierre Henri Briand". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustav Stresemann". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Oswald Balzer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos Median Chirinos". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – François David". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Harry Clément Ulrich Kessler". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Luther". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos F Melo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Vespasian Pella". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Viscount Shishaku Shibusawa Eiichi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Nikolaos Sokrates Politis". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edvard Benes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Emilio Caldara". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Giuseppe Motta". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – James Thomson Shotwell". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination of Max Huber (Switzerland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1960". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Huber". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Bo Östen Undén". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Giovanni Ciraolo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Auguste-Henri Forel". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Frank Billings Kellogg". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Severin Christenen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – J L Herzog". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Bernhard Cornelis Johannes Loder". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Cenek Slepanek". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Salmon Oliver Levinson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Peter Hanssen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles François Marc Marie Sangnier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Édouard Herriot". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Nicholas Roerich". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustaf Roos". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Nicholas Murray Butler". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Альберт Швейцер» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 28 мая 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джеймс Генри Джордж Чаппл» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 17 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Густав Адольф Дайссманн» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 17 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Карлос Ибаньес дель Кампо» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 5 апреля 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Аугусто Бернардино Легия и Сальседо» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 18 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Марио Леуцци» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 17 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - лорд Гарольд Сидни Хармсворт Ротермир» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 18 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Сэмюэл Колкорд» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 17 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – П.Б. де Виль» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 23 февраля 2023 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эфизио Джильо-Тос» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 17 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – барон Пауль фон Шенаих» . NobelPrize.org . Архивировано из оригинала 17 августа 2022 года . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ганс Веберг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Сальвадор де Мадариага» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мадариага Салдадор де» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Фридрих Зигмунд-Шульце» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Артур Хендерсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Дионисио Анзилотти» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Дидрик Нихольм» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Эдвард Прайс Белл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Анни Безант» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эрих Мария Ремарк» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Андре Лаланд» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Георг Бонне» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Геррит Ян Хиринг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Питер Рошгюн Мунк» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Этьен Клемантель» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Адольф Дамашке» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Луи де Мей» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Ишбель М. Гамильтон-Гордон (маркиза Абердина и Темаир)» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Исбель Леди Абердин и Темаир» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Петр Томашек» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Верро» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Мариано Х. Корнехо (Перу) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мариано Иларио Корнехо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение графа Рихарда Николя Куденхове-Калерги (Австрия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение графа Рихарда Николя Куденхове-Калерги (Австрия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1941 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - граф Рихард Николя Куденхове-Калерги» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Герберт Ранэм Браун» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Рауль Дандуран» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Кристиан Хеерфордт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Х.А. ван Карнабек» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - (Раджа) Махендра Пратап» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Константин Стамешки» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Георг Штрайт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Кнут Сандштедт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Витторио Скиалоха» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Алехандро Альварес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Рафаэля Вальдемара Эриха (Финляндия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Рафаэль Вальдемар Эрих» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Пьер Лаваль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон Бассетт Мур» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Александр Папанастасиу» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Виктор Баш» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Артур Чарльз Фредерик Билз» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Маргарита-Антуанетта Гераклий, принцесса Джабадари» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Рейнхард Дорн» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фридрих Филип Киль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Луи Эразм Ле Фур» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Макеллус Дональд Александр Р. Редлих» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Михаэль Блюмельхубер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Карл Дрексель» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фредрик Норман» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – И.А. Дэвидсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Карл Штрупп» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мэнли Оттмер Хадсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Андрео Чех» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Поль Дежарден» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ганс Адольф Эдуард Дриш» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - (Альбер-Огюст-) Габриэль Аното» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Герман Канторович» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мустафа Паша Кемаль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Питер Манниш» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Юзеф Клеменс Пилсудский» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Габриэль Терра» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мойзес А. Вьетес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Констансис Бдение» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ганс Кельсен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жан Ефремов» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хари Мохан Банерджи» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Франклина Делано Рузвельта (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Франклина Делано Рузвельта (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1941 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Франклин Делано Рузвельт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хорхе Эрнандес Лилло» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Дон Хорхе Эрнандес Лилло Джедецки» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джордж Гилберт Эме Мюррей» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Карла фон Осецкого (Германия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1937 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Карл фон Осецкий» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Карлоса Сааведры Ламаса (Аргентина) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1937 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Карлос Сааведра Ламас» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мигель Анхель Аранхо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джанет Миллер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Бенито Амилькаре Андреа Муссолини» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Церковь Сэмюэля Хардена» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Альфред Эдвард Эвершед» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Фрица Кюстера (Германия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1937 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фридрих Генрих Кристоф Кюстер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джастин Годарт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Афранио де Мелло Франко» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Жюли Бикл (Швейцария) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джули Бикл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Корделла Халла (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Корделла Халла (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1941 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Кордеро Халл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Анри Бонне» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Пьер де Кубертен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - сэр Сэмюэл Джон Герни Хоар» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мойна Майкл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Артур Макдональд» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Кайроли Джильотти» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Рене Милле» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон Альфред Морхед» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Альфред Плетц» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Макс Рейнхардт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ Jump up to: а б «Выдвижение Рафаэля Леонидаса Трухильо Молины (Доминиканская Республика) и Стенио Джозефа Винсента (Гаити) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1937 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Стенио Джозеф Винсент» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Рафаэль Леонидас Трухильо Молина» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ирма Швейцер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Франческо Козентини» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Стэнли Мельбурн Брюс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хоаким Касес-Карбо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эдо Фиммен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Н.А. Нильссон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Генриета Сольд» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – G Сен-Поль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Анри Голе» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Налини Кумар Мукерджи» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Махатма Мохандас Карамчанд Ганди» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Леон Жуо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Чарльз Бернар» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уильям Феррис» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Принцесса Генриетта» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Карл Каутский» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эрнст Лаур» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - У. Грегори Полл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хью Ричард Лори Шеппард» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Пьера Серсеоля (Швейцария) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пьер Сересоль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - (Тафари Маконнен) Хайле Селассие I» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Кэрри Чепмен Кэтт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Адольф Гитлер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жакино» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Пий XI» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Труба Ле У» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Невилла Чемберлена (Великобритания) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - (Артур) Невилл Чемберлен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Стэнли Джейкоба Кантора (Австралия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Джорджа Лэнсбери (Великобритания) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1940 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - сэр Уинстон Леонард Спенсер Черчилль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Максим Максимович Литвинов» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Ян Кристиан Смэтс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - сэр Энтони Иден» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эмили Грин Балч» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Анри Эмон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Эрнест Т. Уильямс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Александра Михайловна Коллонтай» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Луи Гюстав Жан Мари Т де Брукер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - лорд (Джон) Бойд Орр из Бречина» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Фредрик Натанаэль Бесков» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Лайонел Джордж Кертис» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Карл Иоахим Хамбро» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пол Перси Харрис» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Герберт Генри Леман» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - сэр Альфред Циммерн» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Пий XII» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жорж Ссель» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Элеонора Рузвельт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Йоханнес Уде» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Освальдо Евклид де Соуза Аранья» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Кэтрин Брюс Глейзер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Вячеслав Михайлович Молотов» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Антонио Санчес де Бустаманте и Сирвен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хосе Густаво Герреро» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Карл Реннер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Рауль Валленберг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Юинг Кокрелл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эдгар Мийо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Отто Леманн-Руссбюльдт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Гарри Трумэн» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Рене-Самуэль Кассен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Рене Кассен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Рафаэль Армато» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фрэнк Маккой» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Эндрю Рассел Пирсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 3 декабря 2020 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хуан Доминго Перон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 3 декабря 2020 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мария Ева Дуарте Перон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Дон Мигель Токорналь» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Маркус Уолд» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мария Монтессори» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 3 декабря 2020 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Ральф Джонсон Банч» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джордж Кэтлетт Маршалл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Шри Ауробиндо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фрэнсис Карлайл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Луи Хефлигер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Павел I Греческий» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Эмери Ривз» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Герберт Вер Эватт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ Jump up to: а б «Выдвижение Андре Трокме (Франция) и Вильгельма Меншинга (Германия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1950 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Андре Трокме» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Вильгельм Меншинг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Рафаэль Лемкин» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джавахарлал (Пандит) Неру» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Сарвепалли Радхакришнан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Санджиб Чаудхури» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уолтер Роберт Корти» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Роберт Мейнард Хатчинс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Роберт Хатчинс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Кларенс Стрейт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мишель Аллаверди» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Люсьен Коке» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Аллен Добсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Х. К. Онеггер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Чарльз Чейни Хайд» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Роберт Джексон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эмиль Поле» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - сэр Хартли Уильям Шокросс (из Фристона)» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Принцесса Нидерландов Вильгельмина» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фрэнк Бухман» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эмиль Дрейфус» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Трюгве Хальвдан Ли» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Трюгве Хальвдан Ли» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Филип Ноэль-Бейкер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Лестер Парсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Лестер Пирсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Луи Сен-Лоран» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джузеппе Боргезе» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - сэр Бенгал Рау» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Карлос П. Ромуло» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Энрике Васконселлос» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Барбара Уэйлен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мигель Алеман Вальдес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Лоренцо Фернандес Родригес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пол Гехиб» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Феликс Керстен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Керстен Феликс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Элизабет Роттен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Матиенцо Э Анзе» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Леопольд Буасье» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уильям Дуглас» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джеймс Варбург» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Рауль Фернандес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фрэнк Портер Грэм» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жан Поль-Бонкур» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Альбрто Льерас» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Кандидо Мариано де Сильва Рондон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Маргарет Сэнгер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Брок Чисхолм» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жозуэ де Кастро» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон Светтенхэм» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хелен Келлер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Тоёхико Кагава» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Клемент Ричард Лорд Эттли» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Эрл (Клемент) Эттли» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Винсент Ориоль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Гордон Клэпп» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Клемент Дэвис» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон Фостер Даллес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Казенизаде Х. Ираншер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Давид Лилиенталь» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Пьер Мендес-Франс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Артур Морган» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Конрад Аденауэр» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Гертруда Баер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Дуайт Эйзенхауэр» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уильям Табман» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жюль Риме» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Юхо Кусти Паасикиви» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Эрл Энглин Джеймс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Юджин Релгис» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Номинирование Международной организации гражданской авиации (ИКАО) (Нидерланды), Международной ассоциации воздушного транспорта (ИАТА) (Канада), Международной федерации ассоциаций линейных пилотов (Канада) и Говарда Г. Курца (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1956 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пабло Казальс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мартин Бубер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фрэнк Чарльз Лаубах» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив назначений — отец Доминик Пире» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жорж Пир» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Даг Ялмар Агне Карл Хаммаршельд» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ян Бата» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Оле Фредрик Олден» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Альфред Паркер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Шарль Гибрен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Борис Гуревич» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жозеф Поль-Бонкур» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джозеф Ретингер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – MC Davar» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мехр Чанд Давар» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Норман Казинс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Гуннар Мюрдаль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Олав Баден-Пауэлл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эндрю Кордье» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Роберт М. Дебре» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Веренфрид Ван Страатен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Константина Диамантопулоса (Греция) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1960 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Константин Диамантопул» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Норман Бентвич» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Луи Зон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Гренвилл Кларк» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Кларк Гренвилл» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Бениамино Буфано» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Дж. Х. Беткер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Оскар Хельмер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Нобусуке Киши» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Говард Раск» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Бишаре Табба» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Феликс Кир» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Арнольд Цвейг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Бэзил О'Коннор» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Юджин Блэк» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Шарль Брайбан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Герман Гмайнер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фредерик Бердик» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Рауль Фоллеро» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Сайрус Итон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Сайрус С. Итон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Умберто Кампаньоло» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Альберт Лутули» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Лайнус Полинг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Арнальдо Фортини» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хосе Мария Гонсалес Гарсия» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мари Элизабет Людерс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Анри Ролен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Анджело Хакинто» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Сальваторе Хакинто» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Гетруда Курц-Холь» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Джулия Скаппино Мурено» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Лотта Хитчманова» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Чарльз Лутц» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Луиджи Спинелли» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Феннер Броквей» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Виноба Бхаве» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Чарльз Александрович» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Данило Дольчи» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Данило Дольче» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жюль Мок» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - миссис Александр Хадден» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Урхо Кекконен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон Кеннеди» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Раджа Маникан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Раджа Маникам» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Шарль Рише» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Э. Стэнли Джонс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фриц фон Унру» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фриц фон Унру» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джеймс Уильям Фулбрайт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Бертран Рассел» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Доменико Антонио Кардоне» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Кэтрин Девилье» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Генрих Грюбер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Стелла Монк» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Фук-Во Пун» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Daisetz T Suzuki» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Стивен Галатти» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Адольфо Лопес Матеос» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Гордон Уэйверли Гилки» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Йоги Махариши Махеш» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пол Грей Хоффман» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пол Г. Хоффман» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Иосип Броз Тито» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мартин Лютер Кинг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Джесс Горкин» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Йозеф Лукл Громадка» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Линдон Бэйнс Джонсон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Вудленд Калер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джозеф Нидэм» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Поль-Анри Спаак» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Норман Томас» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Ганс Тирринг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мохаммад Реза Шах Пехлеви» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Гвидо Гуида» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Авраам Верейде» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Авраам Верейде» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Марк Жу» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Дэвид Карвер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Карл Арне Гейер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мохаммад Хиджази» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Гало Плаза Лассо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Адлай Юинг Стивенсон II» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Сигэру Ёсида» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ситу У Тан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – У Тан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Паулюс VI» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Хидеки Юкава» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ян Тинберген» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Хабиб Бен Али Бургиба» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джозеф Лео Кардейн» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Мартин Нимёллер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Леопольд Седар Сенгор» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Адам Рапацкий» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Хоакин Санс Гадеа» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Катиресу Рамачандра» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Катиресу Рамачандра» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - аббат Пьер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Гарри Эдмондс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Эрнест Генри Грюнинг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уэйн Морс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Курт Хан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Тит Нат Хан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Тит Нат Хан» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уильям Эрнест Хокинг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Исмет Инёни» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Дэнни Кэй» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Дасмони Рой» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Роберт Сарджент Шрайвер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Дж. Ф. Стоун» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джеффри Леонард Чешир» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Дэвида Морса (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1967 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Бинадж Раньян Сен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Бинай Ранджан Сен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
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- ^ «Архив номинаций - Сьюзан Райдер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уильям Холман» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
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- ^ «Архив номинаций - Куинси Райт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Чарльз Райн» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Норман Эрнест Борлоуг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Альфонсо Гарсиа Роблес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Альфонсо Гарсиа Роблес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ёсио Коя» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ёсио Коя» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – YC Джеймс Йен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Халвард Ланге» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Ральф К. Уайт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон С. Найт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Франс Хемерийкс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Винсент Феррер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Рене Маэ» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эрнст Блох» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон Коллинз» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джорджио Ла Пира» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Андре Богитт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Александр Дубчек» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Уильям Чепмен Фостер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джон Дэвисон Рокфеллер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Ноам Хомский» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Гарри Уиллис Миллер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Каору Хатояма» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
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- ^ «Архив номинаций - Джогеш Чандра Бхаттачарья» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
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- ^ «Архив номинаций – Афинагор I» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пол Дадли Уайт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Альфред Вердросс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Альфред Вердросс-Дроссберг» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Пьер А. Радвански» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Чарльз Кейзел Блисс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Сперджен Милтон Кини» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Альва Мюрдал» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эли Визель» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Франсуа Дювалье» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Бритта Хольмстрем» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Юджин Карсон Блейк» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Исаак Левин» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Элдер Камара» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Вилли Брандт» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Р. Бакминстер Фуллер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Арвид Пардо» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Сезар Чавес» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Герберт Йорк» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Луиза Вайс» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Таге Эрландер» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Эйнар Герхардсен» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Людмил Стоянов» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Рэндольф П. Комптон» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Карл Э.К. Бонневи» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Стефан Вышинский» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Франсиско Араса» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Мишель Стассинопулос» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жан Монне» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций – Жан Шазаль» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Клаудио Виллас Боас» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ «Архив номинаций - Орландо Виллас Боас» . NobelPrize.org . Проверено 10 октября 2022 г.
- ^ Jump up to: а б «Национальный архив Норвегии [Норвежский Нобелевский институт: номинации на Нобелевскую премию мира]» . медиа-цифровойларкивет-нет . Проверено 1 февраля 2023 г.
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- ^ «Выдвижение Шона Макбрайда (Ирландия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение сестры Терезы (Албания) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Дэниела Берригана (США) и Филипа Берригана (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Уильяма Х. Чепмена (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Р. Р. Дивакара (Индия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Льва Э. Добрянского (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Билли Грэма (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Изабель Л.Д. Грант (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Эдварда Хита (Великобритания) и Роя Дженкинса (Великобритания) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Александра Марка (Франция) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Ральфа Нейдера (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Элизы Оттесен-Йенсен (Швеция) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Анни Маргарет Скау (Норвегия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Хелен Сузман (Южная Африка) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Пьера Эллиота Трюдо (Канада) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1972 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Ле Дык Тхо (Вьетнам) и Генри Альфреда Киссинджера (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Перл С. Бак (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Наполеона Бильбао Риохи (Боливия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Шри Чинмоя (Индия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Эндрю Веллингтона Кордье (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Дэниела Эллсберга (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Индиры Ганди (Индия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Роберта Широкауэра Хартмана (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Мзи Джомо Кеньятты (Кения) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Луиса Катнера (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Поля Эмиля Леже (Канада) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Ричарда Милхауса Никсона (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Марсело Нублы (Филиппины) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Самуэля Писара (Польша) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Жаннет Рэнкин (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Адама Шаффа (Польша) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Джерарда К. Смита (США) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Дж. Г. Старка (Австралия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Фернандо Тамайо (Колумбия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Трун-Мин Тиета (Южный Вьетнам) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ «Выдвижение Курта Вальдхайма (Австрия) на Нобелевскую премию мира за 1973 год» . media.digitalarkivet.no . Проверено 21 июня 2022 г.
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1901 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1902 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1903 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1904 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1905 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1906 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1907 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1908 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1909 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1910 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1911 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1912 nobelprize.org
- ^ родился Архив номинаций – 2023 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1914 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1915 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1916 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1917 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1918 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1919 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1920 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1921 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1922 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1923 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1924 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1925 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1926 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1927 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1928 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1929 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1930 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1931 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1932 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1933 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1934 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1935 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1936 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1937 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1938 года nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1939 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1940 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1941 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1942 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1943 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1944 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1945 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1946 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1947 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1948 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1949 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1950 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1951 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1952 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1953 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1954 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1955 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1956 г. nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1957 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1958 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1959 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1960 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1961 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1962 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1963 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1964 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1965 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1966 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1967 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1968 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Мир 1969 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Peace 1970 nobelprize.org
- ^ Архив номинаций - Peace 1971 nobelprize.org
- ^ родился Архив номинаций — nobelprize.org