Ричмонд Парк

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Ричмонд Парк

Сайт особого научного интереса
Плантация Изабеллы , Ричмонд-парк
Расположение	Большой Лондон , Англия, Великобритания
Grid reference	TQ2073
Interest	Biological, historical
Area	2360 acres (955 hectares)
Notification	1992
Location map	Magic Map

Ричмонд-парк , расположенный в лондонском районе Ричмонд-апон-Темза , является крупнейшим из королевских парков Лондона и имеет национальное и международное значение для сохранения дикой природы. Он был создан Карлом I в 17 веке. как оленьий парк . В настоящее время это национальный природный заповедник , объект особого научного интереса и особая охраняемая территория , и он включен в категорию I в исторических Реестр парков и садов, представляющих особый исторический интерес в Англии . Его пейзажи вдохновили многих известных художников, а также было местом съемок нескольких фильмов и сериалов.

The park is a national nature reserve.

Fallow deer in Richmond Park

Beverley Brook in the park

Adams Pond

Richmond Park includes many buildings of architectural or historic interest. The Grade I-listed White Lodge was formerly a royal residence and is now home to the Royal Ballet School. The park's boundary walls and ten other buildings are listed at Grade II, including Pembroke Lodge, the home of 19th-century British Prime Minister Lord John Russell and his grandson, the philosopher Bertrand Russell. In 2020, Historic England also listed two other features in the park – King Henry's Mound which is possibly a round barrow and another (unnamed) mound which could be a long barrow.

Historically the preserve of the monarch, the park is now open for all to use and includes a golf course and other facilities for sport and recreation. It played an important role in both world wars and in the 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

Overview

Size

Richmond Park is the largest of London's Royal Parks. It is the second-largest park in London (after the 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) Lee Valley Park, whose linear shaped area extends beyond the M25 into Hertfordshire and Essex) and is Britain's second-largest urban walled park after Sutton Park, Birmingham.

Comparison of areas

Name of park	City	Area		Notes
		Hectares	Acres
Richmond Park	London	955	2,360
Bois de Vincennes	Paris	995	2,458
Bois de Boulogne	Paris	846	2,090
Casa de Campo	Madrid	1750	4,324
Central Park	New York City	341	843

Status

Of national and international importance for wildlife conservation, most of Richmond Park (856 hectares; 2115 acres) is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), a National Nature Reserve (NNR) and a Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The largest Site of Special Scientific Interest in London, it was designated as an SSSI in 1992, excluding the area of the golf course, Pembroke Lodge Gardens and the Gate Gardens. In its citation, Natural England said: "Richmond Park has been managed as a royal deer park since the seventeenth century, producing a range of habitats of value to wildlife. In particular, Richmond Park is of importance for its diverse deadwood beetle fauna associated with the ancient trees found throughout the parkland. In addition the park supports the most extensive area of dry acid grassland in Greater London."

The park was designated as an SAC in April 2005 because it has "a large number of ancient trees with decaying timber. It is at the heart of the south London centre of distribution for stag beetle Lucanus cervus, and is a site of national importance for the conservation of the fauna of invertebrates associated with the decaying timber of ancient trees".

Since October 1987 the park has also been included, at Grade I, on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, being described in Historic England's listing as "A royal deer park with pre C15 origins, imparked by Charles I and improved by subsequent monarchs. A public open space since the mid C19".

Geography

Richmond Park is located in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is close to Richmond, Ham, Petersham, Kingston upon Thames, Wimbledon, Roehampton and East Sheen.

Organisation

Governance

Sign in Richmond Park citing the authority of the Secretary of State

The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport manages Richmond Park and the other Royal Parks of London under powers set out in the Crown Lands Act 1851, which transferred management of the parks from the monarch to the government. Day-to-day management of the Royal Parks has been delegated to The Royal Parks, an executive agency of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The Royal Parks' Board sets the strategic direction for the agency. Appointments to the Board are made by the Mayor of London.

The Friends of Richmond Park and the Friends of Bushy Park co-chair the Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum, comprising 38 local groups of local stakeholder organisations. The forum was formed in September 2010 to consider proposals to bring Richmond Park and Bushy Park – and London's other royal parks – under the control of the Mayor of London through a new Royal Parks Board and to make a joint response. Although welcoming the principles of the new governance arrangements, the forum (in 2011) and the Friends of Richmond Park (in 2012) expressed concerns about the composition of the new board.

Access

Richmond Park is the most visited royal park outside central London, with 4.4 million visits in 2014. The park is enclosed by a high wall with several gates. The gates either allow pedestrian and bicycle access only, or allow bicycle, pedestrian and other vehicle access. The gates for motor vehicle access are open only during daylight hours; the speed limit is 20 mph (32 km/h). The gates for pedestrians and cyclists are open 24 hours a day except during the deer culls in February and November, when the pedestrian gates are closed between 8:00 pm and 7:30 am. However, since 2020, there has been restricted through traffic in Richmond Park, for example restricted traffic between Richmond Gate and Roehampton Gate at weekends. Apart from taxis, no commercial vehicles are allowed unless they are being used to transact business with residents of the park.

From April to November, a free bus service, calling near Mortlake railway station, runs on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, stopping at the main car parks and the gate at Isabella Plantation nearest Peg's Pond.

The shared use cycle/footpath, between Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate, crosses Beverley Brook amid willows.

The gates open to motor traffic are: Sheen Gate, Richmond Gate, Ham Gate, Kingston Gate, Roehampton Gate and (for access to Richmond Park Golf Course only) Chohole Gate. The park has designated bridleways and cycle paths. These are shown on maps and noticeboards displayed near the main entrances, along with other regulations that govern use of the park. The bridleways are special in that they are for horses (and their riders) only and not open to cyclists, like normal bridleways.

The Beverley Brook Walk runs through the park between Roehampton Gate and Robin Hood Gate. The Capital Ring walking route passes through the park from Robin Hood Gate to Petersham Gate.

Cycling is allowed only on main roads, on National Cycle Route 4 through the centre of the park and on the Tamsin Trail (the shared-use pedestrian–cycle path that runs close to the park's perimeter). National Cycle Route 4 crosses the park between Ham Gate in the west and Roehampton Gate in the east, skirting Pen Ponds and White Lodge. It interlinks with the Thames Cycle Route and forms part of the London Cycle Network. The speed limit on this route through the centre of the park, where it is off the main road, is 10 mph (16 km/h).

As the park is a national nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest, all dog owners are required to keep their dogs under control while in the park. This includes not allowing their dog to disturb other park users or disrupt wildlife. In 2009, after some incidents leading to the death of wildfowl, the park's dogs-on-leads policy was extended. Park users are said to believe that the deer are feeling increasingly threatened by the growing number of dogs using the park and The Royal Parks advises against walking dogs in the park during the deer's birthing season.

Law enforcement

A mugging at gunpoint in 1854 reputedly led to the establishment of a park police force. Until 2005 the park was policed by the separate Royal Parks Constabulary, but that was subsumed into the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit of the Metropolitan Police. The mounted police have been replaced by a patrol team in a four-wheel drive vehicle. In 2015 the Friends of Richmond Park expressed concern about plans to cut the numbers of police in the park to half their level ten years previously, despite an increase in visitor numbers and in incidents of crime.

In July 2012 it was reported that police had been given the power to issue £50 on-the-spot fines for littering, cycling outside designated areas and dog fouling offences. In August 2012 a dog owner was ordered to pay £315 after allowing five dogs to chase ducks in the park. Since 2013 commercial dog-walkers have been required to apply for licences to walk dogs in the park, and are allowed to walk only four dogs at a time. In 2013 a cyclist was successfully prosecuted for speeding at 37 mph in the park. In 2015 a cycling club member was fined for speeding at 41 mph and faced disciplinary action from his cycling club, which uses the park for training. In 2014 and 2015 two men were prosecuted for picking mushrooms in the park.

Conservative MP Danny Kruger was fined after his puppy, during a family walk, caused a stampede when it chased a 200-strong herd of deer in the park in March 2021. Kruger apologised and said he would be more careful in future.

Sport and recreation

Cycling: Cycles are available for hire near Roehampton Gate and, at peak times, near Pembroke Lodge. The Tamsin Trail (shared between pedestrians and cyclists) provides a circuit of the park and is almost entirely car-free.

Fishing is allowed, by paid permit, on Pen Ponds from mid-June to mid-March.

Golf is played at Richmond Park Golf Course, a public facility opened in 1923 by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII). It has two 18-hole golf courses and practice facilities and is accessed from Chohole Gate.

Horse riding: Horses from local stables are ridden in the park.

Rugby: A section of the grassland to the north of the Roehampton Gate is maintained and laid out during the winter months for rugby; there are three pitches. At weekends, this area is hired extensively to the rugby union club Rosslyn Park F.C.. Visiting teams are transferred by bus to and from the park pitches from the club's nearby clubhouse and changing rooms.

Running: The Tamsin Trail is a 7.2 miles (11.6 km) trail around the park which is popular with runners. Members of Barnes Runners complete at least one circumnavigation of it on the first and third Sunday of every month. Richmond Park Parkrun, a five-kilometre organised run, takes place every Saturday.

There are children's playgrounds at Kingston Gate and Petersham Gate.

Friends of Richmond Park

Mandarin duck in the park

Friends of Richmond Park

Abbreviation	FRP
Formation	1961
Legal status	registered charity and membership organisation
Purpose	To conserve and protect Richmond Park and its peace and natural beauty for the benefit of the public and future generations, and to advance public education about the park
Headquarters	Richmond, London
Location	England, United Kingdom
Membership	3,700
Key people	Roger Hillyer, Chairman
Main organ	Park Life (printed magazine, published twice a year)
Staff	None
Volunteers	300
Website	www.frp.org.uk

The Friends of Richmond Park (FRP) was founded in 1961 to protect the park. In 1960 the speed limit in the park had been raised from 20 to 30 miles an hour and there were concerns that the roads in the park would be assigned to the main highway system as had recently happened in parts of Hyde Park. In 1969, plans by the then Greater London Council to assign the park's roads to the national highway were revealed by the Friends and subsequently withdrawn. The speed limit was reduced to 20 miles an hour in 2004.

In 2011, the Friends successfully campaigned for the withdrawal of plans for open-air screenings of films in the park. In 2012, the Friends contributed towards the cost of a new Jubilee Pond, and launched a public appeal for a Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme in which the Friends, the Richmond Park Wildlife Group and Healthy Planet have been working with staff from The Royal Parks to restore some of the streams and ponds in the park.

The Friends run a visitor centre near Pembroke Lodge, organise a programme of walks and education activities for young people, and produce a quarterly newsletter. The Friends have published two books, A Guide to Richmond Park and Family Trails in Richmond Park; profits from the books' sales contribute towards the Friends' conservation work.

The Friends of Richmond Park has been a charitable organisation since 2009. It has 3,700 members, is run by approximately 300 volunteers and has no staff. Broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough, former Richmond Park MP Baroness Susan Kramer and broadcaster Clare Balding are patrons of FRP. The chairman, since April 2021, is Roger Hillyer.

History

Stuart origins

In 1625 Charles I brought his court to Richmond Palace to escape an outbreak of plague in London and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer. It was originally referred to as the king's "New Park" to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond, which is now known as Old Deer Park. In 1637 he appointed Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland as keeper of the new park for life, with a fee of 12 (old) pence a day, pasture for four horses, and the use of the brushwood – later holders of that office were known as "Ranger". Charles's decision, also in 1637, to enclose the land was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way. To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced. Following Charles I's execution, custodianship of the park passed to the Corporation of the City of London. It was returned to the restored monarch, Charles II, on his return to London in 1660.

Georgian alterations

In 1719, Caroline of Ansbach and her husband, the future George II of Great Britain, bought Richmond Lodge as a country residence. This building had first been built as a hunting lodge for James I in 1619 and had also been occupied by William III. As shown in a map of 1734, Richmond Park and Richmond Gardens then formed a single unit – the latter was merged with Kew Gardens by George III in the early 19th century. In 1736 the Queen's Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park and Bog Gate or Queen's Gate was opened as a private entrance for Caroline to enter the park on her journeys between White Lodge and Richmond Lodge. The same map shows Pen Ponds, a lake divided in two by a causeway, dug in 1746 and initially referred to as the Canals, which is now a good place to see water birds. Richmond Lodge fell out of use on Caroline's death in 1737 but was brought back into use by her grandson George III as his summer residence from 1764 to 1772, when he switched his summer residence to Kew Palace and had Richmond Lodge demolished.

Plaque outside Sheen Gate to John Lewis, the Richmond brewer who secured public rights of access to the park in 1758

In 1751, Caroline's daughter Princess Amelia became ranger of Richmond Park after the death of Robert Walpole. Immediately afterwards, the Princess caused major public uproar by closing the park to the public, only allowing a few close friends and those with special permits to enter. This continued until 1758, when a local brewer, John Lewis, took the gatekeeper, who stopped him from entering the park, to court. The court ruled in favour of Lewis, citing the fact that, when Charles I enclosed the park in the 17th century, he allowed the public right of way in the park. Princess Amelia was forced to lift the restrictions.

19th century

Full right of public access to the park was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1872. However, people were no longer given the right to remove firewood; this is still the case and helps in preserving the park.

White Lodge from the air

Between 1833 and 1842 the Petersham Lodge estate, and then part of Sudbrook Park, were incorporated into Richmond Park. Terrace Walk was created from Richmond Gate to Pembroke Lodge. The Russell School was built near Petersham Gate in 1851. Between 1855 and 1861, new drainage improvements were constructed, including drinking points for deer. In 1867 and 1876 fallow deer from the park were sent to New Zealand to help build up stocks – the first fallow deer introduced to that country. In or around 1870, the Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers were using an area near Bog Gate as a drill ground. Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician, visited Lord John Russell at Pembroke Lodge in 1864, as did the Shah of Persia, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in 1873. He was the first modern Iranian monarch to visit Europe.

Early 20th century

Edward VII developed the park as a public amenity by opening up almost all the previously fenced woods and making public those gates that were previously private. From 1915 level areas of the park were marked out for football and cricket pitches. A golf course was developed on the former "Great Paddock" of Richmond Park, an area used for feeding deer for the royal hunt. The tree belt in this part of the park was supplemented by additional planting in 1936. The public golf course was opened in 1923 by Edward, Prince of Wales (who was to become King Edward VIII and, after his abdication, Duke of Windsor). The future king had been born in the park, at White Lodge, in 1894. In 1925, a second public 18-hole course was laid out to the south of the first (towards Robin Hood Gate); it was opened by the Duke of York (George VI). In honour of their respective openers, Richmond Park Golf Course's two courses are named the "Prince's" and the "Duke's".

The park played an important role during World War I and was used for cavalry training. On 7 December 1915 English inventor Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrated, in a secret test on Pen Ponds, how selenium cells would work in a remotely controlled prototype weapon for use against German Zeppelins. Reporting on this story several years later, in April 1924, The Daily Chronicle reported that the test had been carried out in the presence of Arthur Balfour, Lord Fisher and a staff of experts. Its success led to Matthews receiving a payment of £25,000 from the Government the very next morning. Despite this large sum changing hands, the Admiralty never used the invention. Between 1916 and 1925 the park housed a South African military war hospital, which was built between Bishop's Pond and Conduit Wood. The hospital closed in 1921 and was demolished in 1925. Richmond Cemetery, just outside the park, contains a section of war graves commemorating 39 soldiers who died at the hospital; the section is marked by a Cross of Sacrifice and a Grade II listed cenotaph designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.

Faisal I of Iraq and Lebanese politician Salim Ali Salam were photographed visiting the park in 1925.

World War II and its aftermath

An army camp was established in 1938. It covered 45 acres (18 ha) to the south and east of Thatched House Lodge, extending to the area south of Dann's Pond. It became known as Kingston Gate Camp and expanded the capacity of the East Surrey Regiment's regimental depot Infantry Training Centre (ITC). As a result, the ITC was better able to meet the demands of training new recruits and called-up militia between early 1940 and August 1941 when the ITC transferred to a facility in Canterbury shared with the Buffs. The camp was subsequently used as a military convalescent depot for up to 2,500 persons after which it continued as a base for the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) until after the war.

During World War II Pembroke Lodge was used as the base for "Phantom" (the GHQ Liaison Regiment). The Pen Ponds were drained, in order to disguise them as a landmark, and an experimental bomb disposal centre was set up at Killcat Corner, which is between Robin Hood Gate and Roehampton Gate.

An anti-aircraft gun site was inside Sheen Gate for the duration of the war. The Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, visited it on 10 November 1940 and it was featured in a photograph published in Picture Post on 13 December 1941.

Associated with the gun site was the research site of the Army Operational Research Group (AORG), located on the polo field beside Sheen Cross, where Stanley Hey researched improvements to the operation of anti-aircraft gun-laying radar. During the war, Hey discovered that the Sun is a radio source and he investigated radio reflections from meteor trails, and radio noise from cosmic sources. In 1946 Hey's group discovered Cygnus A, later shown to be the first radio galaxy. The Richmond Park installation thus became the first radio observatory in Britain.

In addition to use of the park for military purposes, approximately 500 acres (200 ha) of the park was converted to agricultural use during the war.

The Russell School (the located within the park's bundary) was destroyed by enemy action in 1943 and Sheen Cottage a year later.

John Boyd-Carpenter, MP for Kingston-upon-Thames, proposed using the Kingston Gate Camp to help alleviate the local post-war housing shortage but Minister of Works, Charles Key, was opposed, preferring that the site be eventually returned to its former parkland use. Key's department refurbished and repurposed the camp as an Olympic Village for the 1948 Summer Olympics. The Olympic Village was opened by Lord Burghley with Key making the announcement, in July 1948. After the Olympics, the camp was used by units of the Royal Corps of Signals and then by the Women's Royal Army Corps following their formation in 1949 as successor to the wartime ATS. Although it had been hoped to clear the camp during the 1950s, it remained in military use and was used to house service families repatriated following the Suez Crisis in 1956. It was not until 1965 that the camp was eventually demolished and reintegrated into the park during the following year.

Late 20th century – present

In 1953 President Tito of Yugoslavia stayed at White Lodge during a state visit to Britain.

The Petersham Hole was a sink hole caused by subsidence of a sewer which forced the total closure of the A307 road in Petersham in 1979–80. As the hole and subsequent repair work had forced a total closure of this main road between Richmond and Kingston, traffic was diverted through the park and the Richmond, Ham, and Kingston gates remained open throughout the day and night. The park road was widened at Ham Cross near Ham Gate to accommodate temporary traffic lights. About 10 deer a month were killed by traffic while the diversion was in operation.

When the present London Borough of Richmond upon Thames was created in 1965, it included the majority, but not the whole, of the park. The eastern tip, including Roehampton Gate, belonged to the London Borough of Wandsworth, and the southern tip belonged to the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. Following a series of borough boundary changes in 1994 and 1995, these anomalies were corrected and the whole park became part of Richmond upon Thames.

In the 2012 Summer Olympics the men's and the women's cycling road races went through the park.

Features

Boundary wall

The brick wall enclosing Richmond Park is eight miles (13 km) long and up to 9 ft (2.7m) high. Much of the wall is designated by Historic England as a Grade II listed building.

Gates

Six original gates

Richmond Gate, designed by Sir John Soane

When the park was enclosed in 1637 there were six gates in the boundary wall: Coombe Gate, Ham Gate, Richmond Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate. Of these, Richmond Gate has the heaviest traffic. The present gates were designed by Sir John Soane and were widened in 1896. Sheen Gate was where the brewer John Lewis asserted pedestrian right of entry in 1755 after Princess Amelia had denied it. The present double gates date from 1926. Coombe Gate (later known as Ladderstile Gate) provided access to the park for the parishioners of Coombe, with both a gate and a stepladder. The gate was locked in the early 1700s and bricked up in about 1735. The stepladder was reinstated after John Lewis's case in 1758 and remained in place until about 1884. The present gate dates from 1901. The present wrought iron gates of Roehampton Gate were installed in 1899. Ham Gate was widened in 1921, when the present wrought iron gates were installed. The chinoiserie lantern lights over the gate were installed in 1825.

Robin Hood Gate takes its name from the nearby Robin Hood Inn (demolished in 2001) and is close to what is called the Robin Hood roundabout on the A3. Widened in 1907, it has been closed to motorised vehicles since a 2003 traffic reduction trial. Alterations commenced in 2013 to make the gates more suitable for pedestrian use and return some of the hard surface to parkland.

Other gates

Chohole Gate served the farm that stood within the park on the site of the present Kings Farm Plantation. It is first mentioned in 1680. The gate now provides access to Richmond Park Golf Course.

Kingston Gate dates from about 1750. The existing gates date from 1898.

Bog Gate, or Queen's Gate, which connects the park with East Sheen Common, was built in 1736. Public access to the park via this gate, 24 hours a day, was granted in 1894 and the present "cradle" gate was installed.

Petersham Gate served the Russell School, replacing the more ornate gates to Petersham Lodge. A disused carriage gate further up the hill was probably a tradesman's entrance to the school or to the Lodge stables.

Bishop's Gate in Chisholm Road, previously known as the Cattle Gate, was for use by livestock allowed to pasture in the nineteenth century. It was opened for public use in 1896.

Kitchen Garden Gate, hidden behind Teck Plantation, is probably a nineteenth-century gate. It has never been open to the public.

Cambrian Gate or Cambrian Road Gate was constructed during World War I for access to the newly built South Africa Military Hospital. When the hospital was demolished in 1925, the entrance was made permanent, with public access, as a pedestrian gate.

Buildings

Holly Lodge Centre

Formation	1994
Legal status	Registered charity
Headquarters	Holly Lodge
Location	Richmond Park, Richmond, London, United Kingdom
Region served	Greater London and Surrey
Main organ	Stepping Stones (quarterly newsletter)
Budget	£121,168
Staff	2
Volunteers	90
Website	www.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk

The park includes a Grade I listed building, White Lodge. The park's boundary wall, and ten other buildings, are also Grade II listed: Ham Gate Lodge, built in 1742; Holly Lodge (formerly known as Bog Lodge) and the game larder in its courtyard, built in 1735; Pembroke Lodge; Richmond Gate and Richmond Gate Lodge, dated 1798 and designed by Sir John Soane; Thatched House Lodge; and White Ash Lodge and its barns and stables, built in the 1730s or 1740s.

The freebord or "deer leap" is a strip of land 5 metres (16'6") wide, running around most of the perimeter of the park. Owned by the Crown, it allows access to the outside of the boundary wall for inspection and repairs. Householders whose property backs on to the park can use this land by paying an annual fee.

Holly Lodge

Holly Lodge

In 1735, a new lodge, Cooper's Lodge, was built on the site of Hill Farm. It was renamed Lucas's Lodge in 1771 and Bog Lodge in the 1790s. Bog Lodge was renamed Holly Lodge in 1993 and now contains a visitors' centre (bookings only), the park's administrative headquarters and a base for the Metropolitan Police's Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.

Holly Lodge also includes the Holly Lodge Centre, an organisation which provides an opportunity for people of all ages and abilities to enjoy and learn from a series of hands-on experiences, focusing particularly on the environment and in the Victorian history and heritage of Richmond Park. The centre, which is wheelchair-accessible throughout, was opened in 1994. It was founded by Mike Fitt, who was then The Royal Parks' Superintendent of Richmond Park and later became Deputy Chief Executive of London's Royal Parks. A registered charity, the Holly Lodge Centre received the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service in 2005.

Princess Alexandra has been Holly Lodge Centre's Royal Patron since 2007. In 2011 she opened the centre's Victorian-themed pharmacy, Mr Palmer's Chymist. This includes the original interior, artefacts and dispensing records dating from 1865, from a chemist's shop in Mortlake, and is used for educational activities. The centre also includes a replica Victorian schoolroom, and a kitchen garden planted with varieties of vegetables used in Victorian times and herbs cultivated for their medicinal properties.

Pembroke Lodge

Main article: Pembroke Lodge

Pembroke Lodge

Pembroke Lodge and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park. In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then Prime Minister, Lord John Russell, and from 1876 to 1890 was the childhood home of his grandson, Bertrand Russell. It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley.

Thatched House Lodge

Main article: Thatched House Lodge

Thatched House Lodge

Thatched House Lodge was the London home of United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Second World War. Since 1963 it has been the residence of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy. It was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers, as Aldridge Lodge, and was enlarged in 1727, possibly by William Kent, as a home for Sir Robert Walpole. The two houses were joined and renamed Thatched House Lodge in 1771 by Sir John Soane. The gardens include an 18th-century two-room thatched summer house which gave the main house its name.

White Lodge

White Lodge

Main article: White Lodge

Built as a hunting lodge for George II by the architect Roger Morris, White Lodge was completed in 1730. Its many famous residents have included members of the Royal Family. The future king Edward VIII was born at White Lodge in 1894; his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI) and the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother) lived there in the 1920s. The Royal Ballet School (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955 at White Lodge where younger ballet students continue to be trained.

Bishop's Gate Lodge

Bishop's Gate Lodge takes its name from a gamekeeper who was on the staff in the first half of the 19th century. A reference dated 1854 said that the keeper had had access to the lodge for the past fifty years. The lodge is not shown on the 1813 plan of the park, but appears on the plans of 1850, and its layout seems to have changed little from that time. It forms part of a view over the park, and beyond, that is much favoured by amateur painters.

Other buildings

Oak Lodge, near Sidmouth Wood, was built in about 1852 as a home for the park bailiff, who was responsible for repair and maintenance in the park. It is used by The Royal Parks as its base for a similar function today.

There are also gate lodges at Chohole Gate, Kingston Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate and at Sheen Gate, which also has a bungalow (Sheen Gate Bungalow). Ladderstile Cottage, at Ladderstile Gate, was built in the 1780s.

Former buildings

Sheen Lodge (above) and Sir Richard Owen

A map by John Eyre, "Plan of His Majesty's New Park", shows a summer house near Richmond Gate.

Several buildings already existed within the park when it was created. One of these was a manor house at Petersham which was renamed Petersham Lodge. During the Commonwealth period it became accommodation for one of the park's deputy keepers, Lodowick Carlell (or Carlile), who was also a renowned playwright in his day, and his wife, Joan Carlile, one of the first women to practise painting professionally.

Elizabeth, Countess of Dysart, and her husband Sir Lionel Tollemache, took over Petersham Lodge when they became joint keepers of Richmond Park. After Tollemache's death the Lodge and its surrounding land were leased in 1686 to Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, whose sister Anne was married to the new king, James II. It became a private park and was subsequently landscaped. By 1692 Rochester had demolished the Lodge and replaced it with a splendid new mansion in his "New Park". In 1732, a new Petersham Lodge was built to replace it after a fire. This Petersham Lodge was demolished in 1835.

Professor Sir Richard Owen, the first Director of the Natural History Museum, lived at Sheen Cottage until his death in 1892. The cottage was destroyed by enemy action in 1944. The remains of the cottage can be seen in patches and irregularities in the wall 220 metres from Sheen Gate.

A bandstand, similar to one in Kensington Gardens, was erected near Richmond Gate in 1931. In 1975, after many years of disuse, it was moved to Regent's Park.

Viewpoints

The protected view of St Paul's from King Henry's Mound, before the Manhattan Loft Gardens development was built

There is a protected view of St Paul's Cathedral from King Henry's Mound, and also from Sawyer's Hill a view of central London in which the London Eye, Tower 42 (formerly the NatWest Tower) and 30 St Mary Axe ("The Gherkin") appear to be close to one another.

King Henry's Mound

Panorama of King Henry's Mound

King Henry's Mound, which may have been a Neolithic burial barrow, was listed in 2020 by Historic England along with another (unnamed) mound in the park which could be a long barrow. King Henry's Mound is located within the public gardens of Pembroke Lodge. At various times the mound's name has been connected with Henry VIII or with his father Henry VII. However, there is no evidence to support the legend that Henry VIII stood on the mound to watch for a sign from St Paul's that Anne Boleyn had been executed at the Tower and that he was then free to marry Jane Seymour.

To the west of King Henry's Mound is a panorama of the Thames Valley. St Paul's Cathedral, over 10 miles (16 km) to the east, can be seen through the naked eye or via a telescope that has been installed on the Mound. This vista, created soon after the cathedral was completed in 1710, is protected by a "dome and a half" width of sky on either side. In 2005 the then Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, sought to overturn this protection and reduce it to "half a dome". In 2009 his successor, Boris Johnson, promised to reinstate the wider view, though also approving a development at Victoria Station which, when completed, will obscure its right-hand corner. New gates − "The Way" − which can be viewed through the King Henry's Mound telescope, were installed in 2012 on the edge of Sidmouth Wood to mark the 300th anniversary of St Paul's.

In December 2016, it was reported that Manhattan Loft Gardens, a 42-storey 135m-tall apartment building under construction in Stratford, an area of London not covered by these planning restrictions, had "destroyed" the view from the park as it can now be seen behind the framed view of the cathedral's dome. The developers said that “Despite going through the correct planning processes in a public and transparent manner, at no point was the subject of visual impact to St Paul’s ever raised" by the Olympic Delivery Authority or the Greater London Authority and that they were looking into the issues raised by the development.

In November 2017, the Friends of Richmond Park reported that their campaigning on the issue had resulted in the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, instructing London planners to consult the Greater London Authority on planning requests for high-rise buildings which, if built, could affect the visibility of St Paul's from established viewpoints. His instruction has now been incorporated into planning procedures across Greater London.

Plantings and memorials

Azaleas flowering in Isabella Plantation in springtime

"Handkerchief" tree (Davidia involucrata) in Prince Charles' Spinney

The park's open slopes and woods are based on lowland acid soils. The grassland is mostly managed by grazing. The park contains numerous woods and copses, some created with donations from members of the public.

Between 1819 and 1835, Lord Sidmouth, Deputy Ranger, established several new plantations and enclosures, including Sidmouth Wood and the ornamental Isabella Plantation, both of which are fenced to keep the deer out. After World War II the existing woodland at Isabella Plantation was transformed into a woodland garden, and is organically run, resulting in a rich flora and fauna. Opened to the public in 1953, it is now a major visitor attraction in its own right. It is best known for the flowering, in April and May, of its evergreen azaleas and camellias, which have been planted next to its ponds and streams. There are also many rare and unusual trees and shrubs.

The Jubilee Plantation was created in 1887 to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria.. Prince Charles' Spinney was planted out in 1951 with trees protected from the deer by fences, to preserve a natural habitat. The bluebell glade is managed to encourage native British bluebells. Teck Plantation, established in 1905, commemorates the Duke and Duchess of Teck, who lived at White Lodge. Their daughter Mary married George V. Tercentenary Plantation, in 1937, marked the 300th anniversary of the enclosure of the park. Victory Plantation was established in 1946 to mark the end of the Second World War. Queen Mother's Copse, a small triangular enclosure on the woodland hill halfway between Robin Hood Gate and Ham Gate, was established in 1980 to commemorate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.

The park lost over 1000 mature trees during the Great Storm of 1987 and the Burns' Day Storm of 1990. The subsequent replanting included a new plantation, Two Storms Wood, a short distance into the park from Sheen Gate. Some extremely old trees can also be seen inside this enclosure.

Bone Copse, which was named in 2005, was started by the Bone family in 1988 by purchasing and planting a tree from the park authorities in memory of Bessie Bone who died in that year. Trees have been added annually, and in 1994 her husband Frederick Bone also died. The annual planting has been continued by their children.

The park's Platinum Jubilee Woodland, marking the Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, was opened by Sir David Attenborough in 2023.

James Thomson and Poet's Corner

Ian Dury memorial bench

Poet's Corner, an area at the north end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens, commemorates the poet James Thomson (1700–1748), who was living in Richmond at the time of his death. A curved metal bench inscribed with lines by Thomson and known as Poet's Seat is located there. Sculpted by Richard Farrington, it was based on an idea by Jane Fowles.

A wooden memorial plaque with an ode to Thomson by the writer and historian John Heneage Jesse was formerly located near Pembroke Lodge stables, where it was installed in 1851. The plaque was replaced by the Selborne Society in 1895.

In 2014 Poet's Corner was re-sited to the other side of the main path and the ode, on a re-gilded board, was installed in a completely new oak frame. The new Poet's Corner, funded by the Friends of Richmond Park and the Visitor Centre at Pembroke Lodge, and by a donation in memory of Wendy Vachell, also includes three curved benches made from reclaimed teak. The benches are inscribed with a couplet by the Welsh poet W. H. Davies, "A poor life this, if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare".

Benches, also sculpted by Richard Farrrington, at King Henry's Mound are inscribed with a few lines from Thomson's poem "The Seasons".

Poet's Corner is linked to King Henry's Mound by The John Beer Laburnum Arch, named after one of Pembroke Lodge Gardens' former charge-hands. The arch has a display of yellow laburnum flowers in May.

Ian Dury

In 2002 a "musical bench", designed by Mil Stricevic, was placed in a favoured viewing spot of rock singer and lyricist Ian Dury (1942–2000) near Poet's Corner. On the back of the bench are the words "Reasons to be cheerful", the title of one of Dury's songs. The solar-powered seat was intended to allow visitors to plug in and listen to eight of his songs as well as an interview, but was subjected to repeated vandalism. In 2015 the bench was refurbished and the MP3 players and solar panels were replaced with metal plates on which a QR code can be scanned via a smartphone. Visitors can access nine Ian Dury and the Blockheads songs and hear Dury's Desert Island Discs interview with Sue Lawley, first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 15 December 1996.

Nature

Wildlife

Originally created for deer hunting, Richmond Park now has 630 red and fallow deer that roam freely within much of the park. A cull takes place each November and February to ensure numbers can be sustained; about 200 deer are culled annually and the meat is sold to licensed game dealers. Some deer are also killed in road accidents, through ingesting litter such as small items of plastic, or by dogs.

The park is an important refuge for other wildlife, including woodpeckers, squirrels, rabbits, snakes, frogs, toads, stag beetles and many other insects plus numerous ancient trees and varieties of fungi. It is particularly notable for its rare beetles.

Richmond Park supports a large population of ring-necked parakeets. These bred from birds that escaped or were freed from captivity.

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  Red deer stag and starling
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  A female ring-necked parakeet
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  Jackdaw

Ponds and streams

В парке около 30 прудов. Некоторые из них, в том числе пруд Барн-Вуд, пруд Бишопс, пруд Виселица, пруд Бараньей Ноги, пруд Мартина и пруд Белого Ясеня, были созданы для осушения земли или обеспечения водой скота. Ручные пруды (которые в прошлом использовались для выращивания карпов в пищу) date from 1746. Они образовались, когда в начале 17 века была вырыта траншея для осушения заболоченной местности; позже в том же столетии он был расширен и углублен за счет добычи гравия для местного строительства. Пруды теперь забирают воду из ручьев, текущих с возвышенностей вокруг них, и сбрасывают ее в Беверли-Брук . Беверли-Брук и два пруда-ручки — наиболее заметные водные участки в парке.

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  Это южный и верхний из двух прудов-ручек.
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  Верхний пруд-ручье осушили, чтобы защитить плотину во время работ по его оттоку.

Беверли Брук поднимается на базе отдыха Каддингтон в Вустерском парке. и входит в парк (где за ним следуют тропа Тэмсин и Беверли-Уок) у ворот Робин Гуда, создавая водный объект, используемый оленями, более мелкими животными, водяными травами и некоторыми кувшинками . Его название происходит от прежнего присутствия в реке европейского бобра ( касторового волокна ), вид, вымерший в Великобритании с 16 века.

Большинство ручьев в парке впадают в Беверли-Брук, но источник над прудом Даннс впадает в Садбрук (из «Южного ручья») на границе парка. Садбрук протекает через небольшую долину, известную как Хэм-Дип, и была перекрыта плотинами и расширена в двух местах, образовав пруд Хэм-Дип и пруд Хэм-Гейт, впервые нанесенные на карту в 1861 и 1754 годах соответственно. Они были созданы для водопоя оленей. В обоих прудах были проведены восстановительные работы, включая расчистку от ила, которые завершились в 2013 году. Садбрук осушает западный откос холма, который на востоке является частью водосбора Беверли-Брук, а на юге - реки Хогсмилл . Садбруку впадает ручей Латчмир Сразу за прудом Хэм-Гейт к . Затем Садбрук впадает в Садбрук-парк в Питершеме. Другой ручей берет свое начало к северу от Сидмутского леса и проходит через Кондуит-Вуд к границе парка возле Бог-Гейт.

Ручей протекает через плантацию Изабеллы .

Отдельная система водоснабжения для плантации Изабелла была разработана в 1950-х годах. Вода из верхнего пруда Пен перекачивается в пруд Стилл, пруд Томсона и пруд Пег.

Самый новый пруд в парке - пруд Аттенборо, открытый телеведущим и натуралистом сэром Дэвидом Аттенборо и названный в его честь в июле 2014 года. парка Он был создан в рамках программы сохранения прудов и ручьев .

В культуре

Коллекция Херсум

Коллекция Херсум

Формирование	2013
Основатель	Дэниел Херсам (1958–2021)
Регистрационный номер.	1153010
Юридический статус	Зарегистрированная благотворительная организация
Штаб-квартира	Пембрук Лодж , Ричмонд Парк
Расположение	Ричмонд, Лондон , Англия, Великобритания
Стул	Джейн Херсам
Бюджет	<11 000 фунтов стерлингов
Веб-сайт	коллекция слухов .org .uk

The Hearsum Collection является зарегистрированной благотворительной организацией. который собирает и сохраняет наследие Ричмонд-парка. У него есть коллекция, которую основал покойный Дэниел Хирсум в 1997 году. культурного наследия, охватывающего последние четыре столетия, включая более 5000 предметов, включая старинные гравюры, картины, карты, открытки, фотографии, документы, книги и вырезки из прессы. Добровольцы из организации «Друзья Ричмонд-парка» каталогизировали их. Коллекция, которая по состоянию на 2024 год продолжает храниться в неудовлетворительном помещении в Пембрук Лодж, за работой наблюдают волонтеры и сотрудники, работающие неполный рабочий день. В 2014 году попечители объявили о планах создания нового специально построенного центра наследия , который обеспечит полный доступ публики к Коллекции.

В апреле 2017 года Коллекция в сотрудничестве с Королевскими парками и Управлением общественных работ выставку Ирландии организовала в Дублинском парке Феникс под названием «Парки, наше общее наследие: Парк Феникс, Дублин и Королевские парки, Лондон» , демонстрируя исторические связи между Ричмонд-парк (и другие королевские парки в Лондоне) и Феникс-парк. Эта выставка также демонстрировалась в Mall Galleries в Лондоне в июле и августе 2017 года.

Литература

Вымысел

Глава 22 Джорджа Макдональда романа «Маркиз Лосси» (опубликовано в Лондоне в 1877 году Херстом и Блэкеттом ) называется «Ричмонд-Парк».

В романе Джорджет Хейер эпохи Регентства «Сильвестр, или Злой дядя» (1957) есть экспедиция в Ричмонд-парк.

Плантация Изабеллы в Ричмонд-парке — это сцена пикника и исчезновения ребенка в главах 9 и 10 романа Криса Клива 2008 года «Другая рука» . Ричмонд-Парк фигурирует в Жаклин Уилсон романе «Одинокая лилия» (2010) и в редактируемой ею антологии стихов «Зеленые стеклянные бусы» (2011).

Королевские парки поручили писательнице Шене Маккей написать рассказ о Ричмонд-парке под названием «Бег оленя» , который был опубликован в 2009 году.

Роман Энтони Горовица « 2014 года Мориарти» о Артура Конан Дойла персонаже из его рассказов о Шерлоке Холмсе включает сцену, действие которой происходит в Ричмонд-парке.

Научная литература

«Хинд в Ричмонд-парке» Книга Уильяма Генри Хадсона , опубликованная в 1922 году и переизданная в 2006 году, представляет собой расширенное эссе по естествознанию. Он включает в себя отчет о его посещениях Ричмонд-парка и конкретном случае, когда юную девушку сбил благородный олень, когда она пыталась накормить его желудем.

Искусство

17 век

Картина маслом « Семья Карлайл с сэром Джастинианом Ишамом в Ричмонд-парке» хранится в Лэмпорт-холле в Нортгемптоншире . Его написала Джоан Карлайл (1600–1679), жившая в Петершам-Лодж.

18 и 19 века

Ричмонд-парк Томаса Роулендсона

, написанный Т. Стюартом (учеником сэра Джошуа Рейнольдса ) в 1758 году Портрет Джона Льюиса, пивовара из Ричмонда, графство Суррей , чей судебный иск вынудил принцессу Амелию восстановить пешеходный доступ в парк, находится в коллекции произведений искусства района Ричмонд-апон-Темз. Он выставлен в Справочной библиотеке Ричмонда.

Картина Джозефа Аллена сэра Роберта Уолпола (1676–1745), 1-го графа Орфорда, штат Кентукки, в роли рейнджера Ричмонд-парка (в честь Джонатана Ричардсона Старшего) находится в коллекции Национального фонда и хранится в Эрддиге , Рексхэм . Картина основана на одноименном портрете Джонатана Ричардсона Старшего и Джона Вуттона , который хранится в музее и художественной галерее Нориджского замка .

художника и карикатуриста Томаса Роулендсона Рисунок (1756–1827) «Ричмонд-парк» и Джеймса Сметэма » « Влюбленные в Ричмонд-парке , написанные в 1864 году, хранятся в Йельском центре британского искусства в Нью-Хейвене, штат Коннектикут .

Семья графа Дайсарта в Ричмонд-парке работы Уильяма Фредерика Уизерингтона (1785–1865) находится в коллекции Hearsum в Pembroke Lodge.

Пейзаж: Вид в Ричмонд-парке был написан в 1850 году английским художником-романтиком Джоном Мартином . Он проводится в Музее Фицуильяма в Кембридже .

Уильяма Беннета « Акварель В Ричмонд-парке» , написанная в 1852 году, хранится в галерее Тейт Британия . Его можно просмотреть по предварительной записи в Зале гравюр и рисунков.

Вид в Ричмонд-парке, небольшой мост направо, Эндрю Геддес

Картина маслом «В Ричмонд-парке » (1856) викторианского художника Генри Мура находится в коллекции Йоркского музейного фонда .

Пейзаж с оленями, Ричмонд-парк (1875 г.) работы Альфреда Доусона находится в коллекции музея Ридинга .

Белый домик Джона Бакстона Найта в Ричмонд-парке , написанный в 1898 году, находится в коллекции Лидса . музеев и галерей

Работы Эндрю Геддеса « Вид на Ричмонд-парк, фонтан слева» (до 1844 г.) и «Вид в Ричмонд-парке, небольшой мост справа» (около 1826 г.) находятся в коллекции Абердинских архивов, галерей и музеев .

20 и 21 века

Картина маслом «Ричмонд-парк» (1913) художника Артура Джорджа Белла находится в коллекции Лондонского музея транспорта .

Спенсера Гора Картина «Ричмонд-парк» , предположительно написанная осенью 1913 года или незадолго до смерти художника в марте 1914 года, была выставлена ​​в галерее Патерсона и Карфакса. в 1920 году. В 1939 году он был выставлен в Варшаве , Гельсингфорсе и Стокгольме Британским Советом как Группа деревьев . Сейчас он находится в коллекции галереи Тейт под своим первоначальным названием, но в настоящее время не выставлен на обозрение. Картина входит в серию пейзажей, написанных в Ричмонд-парке в последние месяцы жизни Гора. По словам куратора галереи Тейт Хелены Бонетт, ранняя смерть Гора от пневмонии , за два месяца до того, как ему исполнилось бы 36 лет, была вызвана его картиной на открытом воздухе в Ричмонд-парке в холодные и влажные зимние месяцы. Неизвестно, где в парке была сделана фотография, но ряд деревьев возле пруда возле Кембрийских ворот очень похож на деревья на картине. Другая картина Гора с таким же названием ( «Ричмонд-Парк »), написанная в 1914 году, находится в Эшмоловском музее . Его картина «Лес в Ричмонд-парке» находится в коллекции Художественной галереи Бирмингема .

Картина маслом «Осень, Ричмонд-парк » Альфреда Джеймса Маннингса находится в Художественном музее сэра Альфреда Маннингса в Колчестере .

Китайский художник Чан Йи написал и проиллюстрировал несколько книг, живя в Великобритании. Олень в Ричмонд-парке — это табличка V в его книге «Тихий путешественник в Лондоне» , опубликованной в 1938 году.

Картина «Деревья в Ричмонд-парке, графство Суррей» , написанная в 1938 году Фрэнсисом Фердинандом Морисом Куком , находится в коллекции Манчестерской художественной галереи .

Ричмонд-парк № 2 работы английской художницы-импрессиониста Лоры Найт находится на территории Королевской академии художеств .

В Ричмонд-парке (1962) работы Джеймса Эндрю Уикхема Саймонса находится в Художественном музее UCL в Университетском колледже Лондона .

Кеннет Армитидж (1916–2002) создал серию скульптур и рисунков дубов в Ричмонд-парке в период с 1975 по 1986 год. Его коллаж и гравюра «Ричмонд-парк: Высокая фигура с дергающимися руками» (1981) находятся в коллекции произведений искусства правительства Великобритании и выставлены в посольстве Великобритании в Праге . В правительственной коллекции произведений искусства также находится «Ричмонд-парк Армитиджа : два дерева с белыми стволами» (1975). и Ричмонд-Парк: Пять деревьев, серое небо (1979). Его бронзовая скульптура Ричмонд-Дуб (1985–86) выставлена ​​в посольстве Великобритании в Бразилиа, Бразилия.

Ричмонд-Парк «Утро, Лондон » (2004) Боба Рэнкина находится в больнице Королевы Марии, Рохэмптон , где также находится панель из пяти картин маслом Ивонн Флетчер под названием «Ричмонд-Парк, Лондон » (2005–06).

Исторические плакаты

Лев (на фото в мае 1980 года) замаскировался под Удар молнии в фильме «Удар молнии Титфилда» .

В 1911 году компания Underground Electric Railways опубликовала плакат «Ричмонд-парк» , разработанный Чарльзом Шарландом. Это в Лондонском музее транспорта. в котором также есть: плакат «Дистрикт» 1908 года «Ричмонд-парк для удовольствия и свежего воздуха» , написанный неизвестным художником; Ричмонд-парк неизвестного художника (1910); «Ричмонд в метро» Альфреда Франса (1910); Ричмонд-парк Артура Дж. Белла (1913); Ричмонд-Парк; юмора нет. 10 немецко-американского кукольника и иллюстратора Тони Сарга (1913); Ричмонд-парк на трамвае Чарльза Шарланда (1913 г.); Ричмонд-парк Гарольда Л. Окли (1914); Естественная история Лондона; нет. 3, «Цапли в Ричмонд-парке» , Эдвин Ноубл (1916); Ричмонд-парк Эмили Камиллы Леопольда Тафани (1920); «Прогулки в Ричмонд-парке» Фреды Лингстром (1924); Ричмонд-парк Чарльза Пейна (1925); и Ричмонд-парк , плакат, созданный по заказу Лондонского транспорта в 1938 году и иллюстрированный художницей Дамой Лорой Найт.

Фильм

Ричмонд-парк был местом съемок нескольких фильмов и сериалов:

• Локомотив « пробегает по парку и врезается в дерево в студии Ealing Studios комедийном фильме Удар молнии Титфилда» (1953).
• В фильме 1968 года «Представление» Джеймс Фокс пересекает Ричмонд-парк на автомобиле «Роллс-Ройс» .
• Парк был декорацией для классического исторического фильма «Анна тысячи дней» (1969). с Ричардом Бертоном и Женевьевой Бюжо , в котором рассказывается о том, что сейчас называется Ричмондом 16 века. В фильме рассказывается история короля Генриха VIII ухаживания за Анной Болейн и их недолгого брака.
• Индийскую пыльную бурю в парке снимали для фильма « Жара и пыль» (1983).
• Королевская балетная школа в Ричмонд-парке снялась в фильме «Билли Эллиот» (2000).
• В 2010 году режиссер Гай Ричи части фильма «Шерлок Холмс: Игра теней» снял в парке (2011) с Робертом Дауни-младшим и Джудом Лоу .
• Некоторые сцены из «В лес» (2014) диснеевского фантастического фильма с участием Мерил Стрип . были сняты в парке.
• Ричмонд-парк был местом съемок некоторых сцен семейной комедии 2018 года «Патрик» .

Ричмонд-парк является не только местом съемок фильмов, но и регулярно снимается в телевизионных программах, корпоративных видеороликах и модных съемках. Он появился в программах Blue Peter , Inside Out (региональная программа BBC о текущих событиях) и Springwatch (сериал BBC о естественной истории). В 2014 году он был показан в видео по заказу The Hearsum Collection . Совсем недавно это стало предметом документального фильма о природе «Ричмонд-парк – национальный природный заповедник» , представленного сэром Дэвидом Аттенборо и спродюсированного организацией «Друзья Ричмонд-парка», который выиграл лучший «длинный фильм» на Национальной премии благотворительного кино в 2018 году.

Международные связи

Парк в замке Ричмонд, Брансуик

Ричмонд-Парк, Брансуик, Германия

« Ричмонд-парк » в Германии назван в честь парка в Великобритании и был создан в 1768 году в Брауншвейге для принцессы Августы , сестры Георга III. Она была замужем за герцогом Брауншвейгским спроектировал парк в английском стиле и скучала по дому, поэтому Ланселот «Способность» Браун и построил для нее дворец, оба под названием «Ричмонд».

В 1935 году дворец вместе со всем поместьем был приобретен городом Брауншвейгом . Одним из условий покупки было отсутствие структурных изменений и застройка парка. Дворец, перестроенный после Второй мировой войны и реконструированный в 1987 году по историческому первоначальному проекту, сейчас используется для общественных мероприятий. Парк площадью почти четыре гектара (10 акров) открыт для публики с 1964 года.

См. также

• Ист-Шин Коммон
• Пестхаус Коммон, Ричмонд
• Ричмондское кладбище
• Поле для гольфа Ричмонд-Парк
• Садбрук Парк, Питершем
• Список национальных заповедников Англии
• Список объектов особого научного интереса в Большом Лондоне
• Парки, открытые пространства и заповедники в лондонском районе Ричмонд-апон-Темз.

Источники

• Майкл Бакстер Браун (1985). Ричмонд-Парк: История Королевского Дир-парка . Лондон: Роберт Хейл . ISBN  978-0709021636 . LCCN   85177278 . ОЛ   2613329М .
• Джон Клоук (1996). Дворцы и парки Ричмонда и Кью 2: Ричмонд-Лодж и дворцы Кью . Филлимор и Ко Лтд . ISBN  978-1860770234 . OCLC   36045530 . ОЛ   8627654М .
• Дэвид МакДауэлл (1996). Ричмонд-Парк: Исторический путеводитель Уокера . Дэвид МакДауэлл. ISBN  978-0952784708 . OCLC   36123245 . ОЛ   8477606М .
• Мэри Поллард; Рон Кромптон (2011). Первые 50 лет: история Друзей Ричмонд-парка (PDF) . Друзья Ричмонд-парка .
• Пол А. Рэббиттс (2014). Ричмонд-парк: от средневекового пастбища до Королевского парка . Страуд, Глостершир : Издательство Amberley Publishing . ISBN  978-1445618562 .

Дальнейшее чтение

• Джон Бартрам (с Джоном Картером) (2017). Жизнь в парке: Мемуары егеря королевских парков . Лондон: Издательство Джона Блейка . ISBN  9781786062796 .
• Джон МакМ Мур (2024). «Исторические источники воды в Ричмонд-парке и его окрестностях». История Ричмонда: Журнал Ричмондского краеведческого общества . 44 : 29–37. ISSN   0263-0958 .

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт. Архивировано 18 мая 2017 г. на Wayback Machine.
• Информация для посетителей Royal Parks о Ричмонд-парке
• Карта Ричмонд-парка от Royal Parks
• Положения о королевских парках и других открытых пространствах 1997 г. , Постановление 1997 г. № 1639, HMSO
• Друзья Ричмонд-парка
• Фильм о национальном природном заповеднике Ричмонд-парк , представленный сэром Дэвидом Аттенборо, «Друзья Ричмонд-парка», 2 сентября 2018 г.
• Павильон наследия (видео 2014 г.), The Hearsum Collection
• Макс Ланкестер (ноябрь 2023 г.). «Что в названии? Особенности Ричмонд-парка» (PDF) . Друзья Ричмонд-парка . Проверено 17 августа 2024 г.