Кембридж, Массачусетс

Кембридж
Город
Мэрия Кембриджа Библиотека Уайденера Стата Центр Central Square Charles River at night
Flag Seal
Motto(s):  Literis Antiquis Novis Institutis Decora (Latin) "Distinguished for Classical Learning and New Institutions""
Location of Cambridge in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Cambridge Location in Massachusetts Cambridge Location in the United States Cambridge Cambridge (the United States) Show map of Greater Boston areaShow map of MassachusettsShow map of the United StatesShow all
Coordinates: 42°22′25″N 71°06′38″W
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Middlesex
Region	New England
Settled	1630
Incorporated	1636
City	1846
Named for	University of Cambridge
Government
• Type	Council–manager
• Mayor	E. Denise Simmons
• Vice mayor	Marc C. McGovern
• City manager	Yi-An Huang
Area
• Total	7.10 sq mi (18.40 km2)
• Land	6.40 sq mi (16.57 km2)
• Water	0.71 sq mi (1.83 km2)
Elevation	40 ft (12 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	118,403
• Density	18,512.04/sq mi (7,147.01/km2)
• Demonym	Cantabrigian
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Code	02138-02142
Area code	617 / 857
FIPS code	25-11000
GNIS feature ID	0617365
Website	cambridgema.gov

Кембридж ( / ˈ k eɪ m b r ɪ dʒ / КАЙМ -brij ) — город в округе Мидлсекс, Массачусетс , США. Это пригород в агломерации Большого Бостона , расположенный прямо через реку Чарльз от Бостона . Население города по данным переписи населения США 2020 года составляло 118 403 человека, что делало его самым густонаселенным городом в округе, четвертым по величине в Массачусетсе после Бостона , Вустера и Спрингфилда и девятым по численности населения в Новой Англии . Город был назван в честь Кембриджского университета в Кембридже , Англия, который был важным центром пуританской теологии, которую поддержали основатели города.

Гарвардский университет , университет Лиги плюща , основанный в Кембридже в 1636 году, является старейшим высшим учебным заведением в Соединенных Штатах. Массачусетский технологический институт (MIT), Университет Лесли и Международная школа бизнеса Hult также находятся в Кембридже. Рэдклифф-колледж , женский колледж гуманитарных наук, располагался в Кембридже с момента его основания в 1879 году до его присоединения к Гарварду в 1999 году.

Kendall Square, near MIT in the eastern part of Cambridge, has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet" due to the high concentration of startup companies that have emerged there since 2010.

Founded in December 1630 during the colonial era, Cambridge was one among the first cities established in the Thirteen Colonies, and it went on to play a historic role during the American Revolution.

In May 1775, approximately 16,000 American patriots assembled in Cambridge Common to begin organizing a military retaliation against British troops following the Battles of Lexington and Concord. On July 2, 1775, two weeks after the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia formally established the Continental Army and appointed George Washington commander of it, Washington arrived at Cambridge Common to take command of the Patriot soldiers camped there. Many of these soldiers played a role in supporting Washington's successful Siege of Boston, which trapped garrisoned British troops from moving by land, forcing the British to ultimately abandon Boston. Cambridge Common is thus celebrated as the birthplace of the Continental Army.

History

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

George Washington takes command of the Continental Army in Cambridge Square on July 3, 1775; Cambridge is considered the birthplace of the Continental Army, which went on to secure American independence by defeating the British in the American Revolutionary War.

An 1873 map of Harvard Square

An 1873 map of Cambridge

An 1852 map of Greater Boston highlighting the regional rail lines and course of Middlesex Canal; Cambridge is near the bottom of the map highlighted in yellow, and West Cambridge, which is present-day Arlington, Massachusetts, highlighted in pink

Pre-colonization

The Massachusett inhabited the area that is now called Cambridge for thousands of years prior to European colonization of the Americas, most recently under the name Anmoughcawgen, which means 'fishing weir' or 'beaver dam' in Natick. At the time of European contact, the area was inhabited by Naumkeag or Pawtucket to the north and Massachusett to the south, and may have been inhabited by other groups such as the Totant, not well described in later European narratives. The contact period introduced a number of European infectious diseases which would decimate native populations in virgin soil epidemics, leaving the area uncontested upon the arrival of large groups of English settlers in 1630.

17th century and colonialism

In December 1630, the site of present-day Cambridge was chosen for settlement because it was safely upriver from Boston Harbor, making it easily defensible from attacks by enemy ships. The city was founded by Thomas Dudley, his daughter Anne Bradstreet, and his son-in-law Simon Bradstreet. The first houses were built in the spring of 1631. The settlement was initially referred to as "the newe towne". Official Massachusetts records show the name rendered as Newe Towne by 1632, and as Newtowne by 1638.

Located at the first convenient Charles River crossing west of Boston, Newtowne was one of several towns, including Boston, Dorchester, Watertown, and Weymouth, founded by the 700 original Puritan colonists of the Massachusetts Bay Colony under Governor John Winthrop. Its first preacher was Thomas Hooker, who led many of its original inhabitants west in 1636 to found Hartford and the Connecticut Colony; before leaving, they sold their plots to more recent immigrants from England. The original village site is now within Harvard Square. The marketplace where farmers sold crops from surrounding towns at the edge of a salt marsh (since filled) remains within a small park at the corner of John F. Kennedy and Winthrop Streets.

In 1636, Newe College, later renamed Harvard College after benefactor John Harvard, was founded as North America's first institution of higher learning. Its initial purpose was training ministers. According to Cotton Mather, Newtowne was chosen for the site of the college by the Great and General Court, then the legislature of Massachusetts Bay Colony, primarily for its proximity to the popular and highly respected Puritan preacher Thomas Shepard. In May 1638, the settlement's name was changed to Cambridge in honor of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England.

In 1639, the Massachusetts General Court purchased the land that became present-day Cambridge from the Naumkeag Squaw Sachem of Mistick.

The town comprised a much larger area than the present city, with various outlying parts becoming independent towns over the years: Cambridge Village (later Newtown and now Newton) in 1688, Cambridge Farms (now Lexington) in 1712 or 1713, and Little or South Cambridge (now Brighton) and Menotomy or West Cambridge (now Arlington) in 1807. In the late 19th century, various schemes for annexing Cambridge to Boston were pursued and rejected.

Newtowne's ministers, Hooker and Shepard, the college's first president, the college's major benefactor, and the first schoolmaster Nathaniel Eaton were all Cambridge alumni, as was the colony's governor John Winthrop. In 1629, Winthrop had led the signing of the founding document of the city of Boston, which was known as the Cambridge Agreement, after the university. In 1650, Governor Thomas Dudley signed the charter creating the corporation that still governs Harvard College.

Cambridge grew slowly as an agricultural village eight miles (13 km) by road from Boston, the colony's capital. By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with most of the town comprising farms and estates. Most inhabitants were descendants of the original Puritan colonists, but there was also a small elite of Anglican "worthies" who were not involved in village life, made their livings from estates, investments, and trade, and lived in mansions along "the Road to Watertown", present-day Brattle Street, which is still known as Tory Row.

18th century and Revolutionary War

The Virginian George Washington, coming from Philadelphia, took command of the force of Patriot soldiers camped on Cambridge Common on July 3, 1775, which is now considered the birthplace of the Continental Army.

On January 24, 1776, Henry Knox arrived with an artillery train captured from Fort Ticonderoga, which allowed Washington to force the British Army to evacuate Boston. Most of the Loyalist estates in Cambridge were confiscated after the Revolutionary War.

19th century and industrialization

Between 1790 and 1840, Cambridge grew rapidly with the construction of West Boston Bridge in 1792 connecting Cambridge directly to Boston, making it no longer necessary to travel eight miles (13 km) through the Boston Neck, Roxbury, and Brookline to cross the Charles River. A second bridge, the Canal Bridge, opened in 1809 alongside the new Middlesex Canal. The new bridges and roads made what were formerly estates and marshland into prime industrial and residential districts.

In the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution. It was home to some of the famous Fireside poets, named because their poems would often be read aloud by families in front of their evening fires. The Fireside poets, including Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, were highly popular and influential in this era.

Soon after, turnpikes were built: the Cambridge and Concord Turnpike (today's Broadway and Concord Ave.), the Middlesex Turnpike (Hampshire St. and Massachusetts Ave. northwest of Porter Square), and what are today's Cambridge, Main, and Harvard Streets connected various areas of Cambridge to the bridges. In addition, the town was connected to the Boston & Maine Railroad, leading to the development of Porter Square as well as the creation of neighboring Somerville from the formerly rural parts of Charlestown.

Cambridge was incorporated as a city in 1846. The city's commercial center began to shift from Harvard Square to Central Square, which became the city's downtown around that time.

Between 1850 and 1900, Cambridge took on much of its present character, featuring streetcar suburban development along the turnpikes and working class and industrial neighborhoods focused on East Cambridge, comfortable middle-class housing on the old Cambridgeport, and Mid-Cambridge estates and upper-class enclaves near Harvard University and on the minor hills. The arrival of the railroad in North Cambridge and Northwest Cambridge led to three changes: the development of massive brickyards and brickworks between Massachusetts Avenue, Concord Avenue, and Alewife Brook; the ice-cutting industry launched by Frederic Tudor on Fresh Pond; and the carving up of the last estates into residential subdivisions to house the thousands of immigrants who arrived to work in the new industries.

For much of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the city's largest employer was the New England Glass Company, founded in 1818. By the middle of the 19th century, it was the world's largest and most modern glassworks. In 1888, Edward Drummond Libbey moved all production to Toledo, Ohio, where it continues today under the name Owens-Illinois. The company's flint glassware with heavy lead content is prized by antique glass collectors, and the Toledo Museum of Art has a large collection. The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and the Sandwich Glass Museum on Cape Cod also house several pieces.

In 1895, Edwin Ginn, founder of Ginn and Company, built the Athenaeum Press Building for his publishing textbook empire.

20th century

By 1920, Cambridge was one of New England's main industrial cities, with nearly 120,000 residents. Among the largest businesses in Cambridge during the period of industrialization was Carter's Ink Company, whose neon sign long adorned the Charles River and which was for many years the world's largest ink manufacturer. Next door was the Athenaeum Press. Confectionery and snack manufacturers in the Cambridgeport-Area 4-Kendall corridor included Kennedy Biscuit Factory, later part of Nabisco and originator of the Fig Newton, Necco, Squirrel Brands, George Close Company (1861–1930s), Page & Shaw, Daggett Chocolate (1892–1960s, recipes bought by Necco), Fox Cross Company (1920–1980, originator of the Charleston Chew, and now part of Tootsie Roll Industries), Kendall Confectionery Company, and James O. Welch (1927–1963, originator of Junior Mints, Sugar Daddies, Sugar Mamas, and Sugar Babies, now part of Tootsie Roll Industries). Main Street was nicknamed "Confectioner's Row".

Only the Cambridge Brands subsidiary of Tootsie Roll Industries remains in town, still manufacturing Junior Mints in the old Welch factory on Main Street. The Blake and Knowles Steam Pump Company (1886), the Kendall Boiler and Tank Company (1880, now in Chelmsford, Massachusetts), and the New England Glass Company (1818–1878) were among the industrial manufacturers in what are now Kendall Square and East Cambridge.

In 1935, the Cambridge Housing Authority and the Public Works Administration demolished an integrated low-income tenement neighborhood with African Americans and European immigrants. In its place, it built the whites-only "Newtowne Court" public housing development and the adjoining, blacks-only "Washington Elms" project in 1940; the city required segregation in its other public housing projects as well.

As industry in New England began to decline during the Great Depression and after World War II, Cambridge lost much of its industrial base. It also began to become an intellectual, rather than an industrial, center. Harvard University, which had always been important as both a landowner and an institution, began to play a more dominant role in the city's life and culture. When Radcliffe College was established in 1879, the town became a mecca for some of the nation's most academically talented female students. MIT's move from Boston to Cambridge in 1916 reinforced Cambridge's status as an intellectual center of the United States.

After the 1950s, the city's population began to decline slowly as families tended to be replaced by single people and young couples. In Cambridge Highlands, the technology company Bolt, Beranek, & Newman produced the first network router in 1969 and hosted the invention of computer-to-computer email in 1971. The 1980s brought a wave of high technology startups. Those selling advanced minicomputers were overtaken by the microcomputer. Cambridge-based VisiCorp made the first spreadsheet software for personal computers, VisiCalc, and helped propel the Apple II to consumer success. It was overtaken and purchased by Cambridge-based Lotus Development, maker of Lotus 1-2-3 (which was, in turn, replaced in by Microsoft Excel).

The city continues to be home to many startups. Kendall Square was a software hub through the dot-com boom and today hosts offices of such technology companies as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon. The Square also now houses the headquarters of Akamai.

In 1976, Harvard's plans to start experiments with recombinant DNA led to a three-month moratorium and a citizen review panel. In the end, Cambridge decided to allow such experiments but passed safety regulations in 1977. This led to regulatory certainty and acceptance when Biogen opened a lab in 1982, in contrast to the hostility that caused the Genetic Institute, a Harvard spinoff, to abandon Somerville and Boston for Cambridge. The biotech and pharmaceutical industries have since thrived in Cambridge, which now includes headquarters for Biogen and Genzyme; laboratories for Novartis, Teva, Takeda, Alnylam, Ironwood, Catabasis, Moderna Therapeutics, Editas Medicine; support companies such as Cytel; and many smaller companies.

Rent control

See also: Rent control in Massachusetts § Cambridge decisions

During the era of rent control in Massachusetts, at least 20 percent of all rent controlled apartments in Cambridge housed the rich. The vast majority housed middle- and high-income earners. In an independent study conducted of 2/3 of the rent controlled apartments in Cambridge in 1988, 246 were households headed by doctors, 298 by lawyers, 265 by architects, 259 by professors, and 220 by engineers. There were 2,650 with students, including 1,503 with graduate students.

Those who lived in rent controlled apartments included

• Ruth Abrams, a Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.
• Kenneth Reeves, the mayor of Cambridge at the time rent control was repealed in Massachusetts, was living in the same rent controlled apartment he lived in as a Harvard student in 1973.
• Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark

The end of rent control in 1994 had numerous effects on the city. Within four years of repealing the law, Cambridge, where "the city's form of rent control was unusually strict," saw new housing and construction increase by 50%, and the tax revenue from construction permits tripled. Property values in Cambridge increased by about $7.8 billion in the decade following the repeal. Roughly a quarter of this increase, $1.8 billion ($3 billion in 2024 dollars), was due to the repeal of rent control.

Close to 40% of all Cambridge properties were under rent control when it was repealed. Their property values appreciated faster than non-rent controlled properties, as did the properties around them. By the end of the 20th century, Cambridge had one of the most costly housing markets in the Northeastern United States.

21st century

Cambridge's mix of amenities and proximity to Boston kept housing prices relatively stable despite the bursting of the United States housing bubble in 2008 and 2009. Cambridge has been a sanctuary city since 1985 and reaffirmed its status as such in 2006.

Geography

A winter view of Cambridge and Harvard University's Weld Boathouse seen from Boston with the Charles River in the foreground

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Cambridge has a total area of 7.1 square miles (18 km²), 6.4 square miles (17 km²) of which is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km²) (9.82%) of which is water.

Adjacent municipalities

Cambridge is located in eastern Massachusetts, bordered by:

• the city of Boston to the south and east (across the Charles River)
• the city of Somerville to the north
• the town of Arlington to the northwest
• the town of Belmont and
• the city of Watertown to the west

The border between Cambridge and the neighboring city of Somerville passes through densely populated neighborhoods, which are connected by the MBTA Red Line. Some of the main squares, Inman, Porter, and to a lesser extent, Harvard and Lechmere, are very close to the city line, as are Somerville's Union and Davis Squares.

Through the City of Cambridge's exclusive municipal water system, the city further controls two exclave areas, one being Payson Park Reservoir and Gatehouse, a 2009 listed American Water Landmark located roughly one mile west of Fresh Pond and surrounded by the town of Belmont. The second area is the larger Hobbs Brook and Stony Brook watersheds, which share borders with neighboring towns and cities including Lexington, Lincoln, Waltham and Weston.

Neighborhoods

Squares

Cambridge has been called the "City of Squares", as most of its commercial districts are major street intersections known as squares. Each square acts as a neighborhood center.

Kendall Square, formed by the junction of Broadway, Main Street, and Third Street, has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet", owing to its high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010. Technology Square is an office and laboratory building cluster in this neighborhood. Just over the Longfellow Bridge from Boston, at the eastern end of the MIT campus, it is served by the Kendall/MIT station on the MBTA Red Line subway. Most of Cambridge's large office towers are located in the Square. Kendall Square houses some of the biggest technological companies of the world, including Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, and Apple. A biotech industry has developed in this area. The Cambridge Innovation Center, a large co-working space, is in Kendall Square at 1 Broadway. The Cambridge Center office complex is in Kendall Square, and not at the actual center of Cambridge. The "One Kendall Square" complex is nearby, but not actually in Kendall Square.

Central Square is formed by the junction of Massachusetts Avenue, Prospect Street, and Western Avenue. Containing a variety of ethnic restaurants, it was economically depressed as recently as the late 1990s; it underwent gentrification in recent years (in conjunction with the development of the nearby University Park at MIT), and continues to grow more costly. It is served by the Central Station stop on the MBTA Red Line subway. Lafayette Square, formed by the junction of Massachusetts Avenue, Columbia Street, Sidney Street, and Main Street, is considered part of the Central Square area. Cambridgeport is south of Central Square, and bordered by MIT, the Charles River, Massachusetts Avenue, and River Street.

Harvard Square is formed by the junction of Massachusetts Avenue, Brattle Street, Dunster Street, and JFK Street. This is the primary site of Harvard University and a major Cambridge shopping area. It is served by a Red Line station. Harvard Square was originally the Red Line's northwestern terminus and a major transfer point to streetcars that also operated in a short tunnel—which is still a major bus terminal, although the area under the Square was reconfigured dramatically in the 1980s when the Red Line was extended. A short distance away from the square lies the Cambridge Common, while the neighborhood north of Harvard and east of Massachusetts Avenue is known as Baldwin, in honor of the first Black principal of Cambridge public schools, Maria L. Baldwin. It was renamed "Baldwin" in 2021, and so some know the area better by its former name, Agassiz, after the famed scientist Louis Agassiz.

Porter Square is about a mile north on Massachusetts Avenue from Harvard Square, at the junction of Massachusetts and Somerville Avenues. It includes part of the city of Somerville and is served by the Porter Square Station, a complex housing a Red Line stop and a Fitchburg Line commuter rail stop. Lesley University's University Hall and Porter campus are in Porter Square.

Inman Square is at the junction of Cambridge and Hampshire streets in mid-Cambridge. It is home to restaurants, bars, music venues, and boutiques. Victorian streetlights, benches, and bus stops were added to the streets in the 2000s, and a new city park was installed.

Lechmere Square is at the junction of Cambridge and First streets, adjacent to the CambridgeSide Galleria shopping mall. It is served by Lechmere station on the MBTA Green Line.

Other neighborhoods

Cambridge's residential neighborhoods border but are not defined by the squares.

• East Cambridge (Area 1) is bordered on the north by Somerville, on the east by the Charles River, on the south by Broadway and Main Street, and on the west by the Grand Junction Railroad tracks. It includes the NorthPoint development.
• MIT Campus (Area 2) is bordered on the north by Broadway, on the south and east by the Charles River, and on the west by the Grand Junction Railroad tracks.
• Wellington-Harrington (Area 3) is bordered on the north by Somerville, on the south and west by Hampshire Street, and on the east by the Grand Junction Railroad tracks.
• The Port, formerly known as Area 4, is bordered on the north by Hampshire Street, on the south by Massachusetts Avenue, on the west by Prospect Street, and on the east by the Grand Junction Railroad tracks. Residents of Area 4 often simply call their neighborhood "The Port" and the area of Cambridgeport and Riverside "The Coast". In October 2015, the Cambridge City Council officially renamed Area 4 "The Port", formalizing the longtime nickname, largely on the initiative of neighborhood native and then-Vice Mayor Dennis Benzan. The port is usually the busier part of the city.
• Cambridgeport (Area 5) is bordered on the north by Massachusetts Avenue, on the south by the Charles River, on the west by River Street, and on the east by the Grand Junction Railroad tracks.
• Mid-Cambridge (Area 6) is bordered on the north by Kirkland and Hampshire Streets and Somerville, on the south by Massachusetts Avenue, on the west by Peabody Street, and on the east by Prospect Street.
• Riverside (Area 7), an area sometimes called "The Coast", is bordered on the north by Massachusetts Avenue, on the south by the Charles River, on the west by JFK Street, and on the east by River Street.
• Baldwin (Area 8) is bordered on the north by Somerville, on the south and east by Kirkland Street, and on the west by Massachusetts Avenue.
• Neighborhood Nine or Radcliffe (formerly called Peabody, until the recent relocation of a neighborhood school by that name) is bordered on the north by railroad tracks, on the south by Concord Avenue, on the west by railroad tracks, and on the east by Massachusetts Avenue.

The Avon Hill sub-neighborhood consists of the higher elevations within the area bounded by Upland Road, Raymond Street, Linnaean Street and Massachusetts Avenue.

• Brattle area/West Cambridge (Area 10) is bordered on the north by Concord Avenue and Garden Street, on the south by the Charles River and Watertown, on the west by Fresh Pond and the Collins Branch Library, and on the east by JFK Street. It includes the sub-neighborhoods of Brattle Street (formerly known as Tory Row) and Huron Village.
• North Cambridge (Area 11) is bordered on the north by Arlington and Somerville, on the south by railroad tracks, on the west by Belmont, and on the east by Somerville.
• Cambridge Highlands (Area 12) is bordered on the north and east by railroad tracks, on the south by Fresh Pond, and on the west by Belmont.
• Strawberry Hill (Area 13) is bordered on the north by Fresh Pond, on the south by Watertown, on the west by Belmont, and on the east by the Watertown-Cambridge Greenway (formerly railroad tracks).

Gallery

Cambridge skyline in November 2016

• Areas of Cambridge
• 
  Central Square
• 
  Harvard Square
• 
  Inman Square

Climate

In the Köppen-Geiger classification, Cambridge has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) with hot summers and cold winters, that can appear in the southern end of New England's interior. Abundant rain falls on the city (and in the winter often as snow); it has no dry season. The average January temperature is 26.6 °F (−3 °C), making Cambridge part of Group D, independent of the isotherm. There are four well-defined seasons.

hideClimate data for Cambridge, 1991–2020 simulated normals (16 ft elevation)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	37.0 (2.8)	39.2 (4.0)	45.9 (7.7)	57.6 (14.2)	67.5 (19.7)	76.6 (24.8)	82.6 (28.1)	81.3 (27.4)	74.1 (23.4)	62.8 (17.1)	52.3 (11.3)	42.4 (5.8)	59.9 (15.5)
Daily mean °F (°C)	28.8 (−1.8)	30.6 (−0.8)	37.4 (3.0)	48.2 (9.0)	58.1 (14.5)	67.5 (19.7)	73.4 (23.0)	72.1 (22.3)	64.9 (18.3)	53.6 (12.0)	43.7 (6.5)	34.5 (1.4)	51.1 (10.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	20.5 (−6.4)	21.9 (−5.6)	28.9 (−1.7)	39.0 (3.9)	48.7 (9.3)	58.3 (14.6)	64.2 (17.9)	63.0 (17.2)	55.8 (13.2)	44.4 (6.9)	35.1 (1.7)	26.8 (−2.9)	42.2 (5.7)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.72 (94)	3.74 (95)	4.52 (115)	4.37 (111)	3.66 (93)	4.38 (111)	3.46 (88)	3.72 (94)	3.92 (100)	4.78 (121)	4.05 (103)	4.97 (126)	49.29 (1,251)
Average dew point °F (°C)	18.5 (−7.5)	19.2 (−7.1)	24.6 (−4.1)	34.2 (1.2)	45.7 (7.6)	56.3 (13.5)	62.4 (16.9)	61.7 (16.5)	55.8 (13.2)	44.4 (6.9)	33.6 (0.9)	25.0 (−3.9)	40.1 (4.5)
Source 1: PRISM Climate Group
Source 2: NCEI(Precipitation)

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1764	1,582	—
1790	2,115	+33.7%
1800	2,453	+16.0%
1810	2,323	−5.3%
1820	3,295	+41.8%
1830	6,072	+84.3%
1840	8,409	+38.5%
1850	15,215	+80.9%
1860	26,060	+71.3%
1870	39,634	+52.1%
1880	52,669	+32.9%
1890	70,028	+33.0%
1900	91,886	+31.2%
1910	104,839	+14.1%
1920	109,694	+4.6%
1930	113,643	+3.6%
1940	110,879	−2.4%
1950	120,740	+8.9%
1960	107,716	−10.8%
1970	100,361	−6.8%
1980	95,322	−5.0%
1990	95,802	+0.5%
2000	101,355	+5.8%
2010	105,162	+3.8%
2020	118,403	+12.6%
2022	118,488	+0.1%
Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data. Source: U.S. Decennial Census

Map of racial distribution in Cambridge, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Multiracial ⬤ Native American/Other

showHistorical racial composition	2020	2010	1990	1970	1950
White	61.7%	66.6%	75.3%	91.1%	95.3%
—Non-Hispanic	57.5%	62.1%	71.6%	89.7%	n/a
Black or African American	10.6%	11.7%	13.5%	6.8%	4.3%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	8.8%	7.6%	6.8%	1.9%	n/a
Asian	18.3%	15.1%	8.4%	1.5%	0.3%
Two or more races	7.1%	4.3%	n/a	n/a	n/a

2020 census

Cambridge, Massachusetts – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	65,425	65,259	65,553	64.55%	62.06%	55.36%
Black or African American alone (NH)	11,627	11,589	12,016	11.47%	11.02%	10.15%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	213	159	154	0.21%	0.15%	0.13%
Asian alone (NH)	11,984	15,818	22,628	11.82%	15.04%	19.11%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	71	31	49	0.07%	0.03%	0.04%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	713	575	993	0.70%	0.55%	0.84%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)	3,867	3,757	6,272	3.82%	3.57%	5.30%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	7,455	7,974	10,738	7.36%	7.58%	9.07%
Total	101,355	105,162	118,403	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

As of the census of 2010, there were 105,162 people, 44,032 households, and 17,420 families residing in the city. The population density was 16,354.9 inhabitants per square mile (6,314.7/km²). There were 47,291 housing units at an average density of 7,354.7 per square mile (2,839.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 66.60% White, 11.70% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 15.10% Asian (3.7% Chinese, 1.4% Asian Indian, 1.2% Korean, 1.0% Japanese), 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.10% from other races, and 4.30% from two or more races. 7.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race (1.6% Puerto Rican, 1.4% Mexican, 0.6% Dominican, 0.5% Colombian & Salvadoran, 0.4% Spaniard). Non-Hispanic Whites were 62.1% of the population in 2010, down from 89.7% in 1970. An individual resident of Cambridge is known as a Cantabrigian.

In 2010, there were 44,032 households, out of which 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.9% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 60.4% were non-families. 40.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 13.3% of the population under the age of 18, 21.2% from 18 to 24, 38.6% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,979, and the median income for a family was $59,423 (these figures had risen to $58,457 and $79,533 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $43,825 versus $38,489 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,156. About 8.7% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Cambridge has been ranked as one of the most liberal cities in America. Locals living in and near the city jokingly refer to it as "The People's Republic of Cambridge". For 2016, the residential property tax rate in Cambridge was $6.99 per $1,000. Cambridge enjoys the highest possible bond credit rating, AAA, with all three Wall Street rating agencies.

In 2000, 11.0% of city residents were of Irish ancestry; 7.2% were of English, 6.9% Italian, 5.5% West Indian and 5.3% German ancestry. 69.4% spoke only English at home, while 6.9% spoke Spanish, 3.2% Chinese or Mandarin, 3.0% Portuguese, 2.9% French Creole, 2.3% French, 1.5% Korean, and 1.0% Italian.

Income

See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

Rank	ZIP Code (ZCTA)	Per capita income	Median household income	Median family income	Population	Number of households
1	02142	$67,525	$100,114	$150,774	2,838	1,385
2	02138	$52,592	$75,446	$120,564	35,554	13,868
3	02140	$50,856	$75,446	$120,564	18,164	8,460
	Cambridge	$47,448	$72,529	$93,460	105,737	44,345
	Middlesex County	$42,861	$82,090	$104,032	1,522,533	581,120
4	02139	$42,235	$71,745	$93,220	36,015	14,474
5	02141	$39,241	$64,326	$76,276	13,126	6,182
	Massachusetts	$35,763	$66,866	$84,900	6,605,058	2,530,147
	United States	$28,155	$53,046	$64,719	311,536,594	115,610,216

Economy

Kendall Square, the center of Cambridge's biotech economy as seen from the Charles River

Manufacturing was an important part of Cambridge's economy in the late 19th and early 20th century, but educational institutions are its biggest employers today. Harvard and MIT together employ about 20,000. As a cradle of technological innovation, Cambridge was home to technology firms Analog Devices, Akamai, Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN Technologies) (now part of Raytheon), General Radio (later GenRad), Lotus Development Corporation (now part of IBM), Polaroid, Symbolics, and Thinking Machines.

In 1996, Polaroid, Arthur D. Little, and Lotus were Cambridge's top employers, with over 1,000 employees, but they faded out a few years later. Health care and biotechnology firms such as Genzyme, Biogen Idec, bluebird bio, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Pfizer and Novartis have significant presences in the city. Though headquartered in Switzerland, Novartis continues to expand its operations in Cambridge.

Other major biotech and pharmaceutical firms expanding their presence in Cambridge include GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Shire, and Pfizer. Most of Cambridge's biotech firms are in Kendall Square and East Cambridge, which decades ago were the city's center of manufacturing. Some others are in University Park at MIT, a new development in another former manufacturing area.

None of the high technology firms that once dominated the economy was among the 25 largest employers in 2005, but by 2008 Akamai and ITA Software were. Google, IBM Research, Microsoft Research, and Philips Research maintain offices in Cambridge. In late January 2012—less than a year after acquiring Billerica-based analytic database management company, Vertica—Hewlett-Packard announced it would also be opening its first offices in Cambridge. Also around that time, e-commerce giants Staples and Amazon.com said they would be opening research and innovation centers in Kendall Square. And LabCentral provides a shared laboratory facility for approximately 25 emerging biotech companies.

The proximity of Cambridge's universities has also made the city a center for nonprofit groups and think tanks, including the National Bureau of Economic Research, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cultural Survival, and One Laptop per Child.

In September 2011, Cambridge launched its Entrepreneur Walk of Fame initiative, recognizing people who have made contributions to innovation in global business.

In 2021, Cambridge was one of approximately 27 US cities to receive a AAA rating from each of the three major US credit rating agencies, Moody's Investors Service, Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings. 2021 marked the 22nd consecutive year that Cambridge had retained this distinction.

Top employers

As of 2019, the city's ten largest employers are:

#	Employer	# of employees
1	Harvard University	12,565
2	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	9,311
3	City of Cambridge	3,256
4	Takeda Pharmaceuticals	3,484
5	Biogen	2,421
6	Novartis Inst. For Biomedical Research	2,267
6	Cambridge Innovation Center	2,267
8	Cambridge Health Alliance	1,806
9	Mt. Auburn Hospital	1,789
10	Sanofi Genzyme	1,782

Arts and culture

Fogg Museum at Harvard University

Museums

• Harvard Art Museum, including the Busch-Reisinger Museum, a collection of Germanic art, the Fogg Art Museum, a comprehensive collection of Western art, and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum, a collection of Middle East and Asian art
• Harvard Museum of Natural History, including the Glass Flowers collection
• List Visual Arts Center, MIT
• MIT Museum
• Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard
• Semitic Museum, Harvard

Public art

Cambridge has a large and varied collection of permanent public art, on both city property, managed by the Cambridge Arts Council, Community Art Center, and the Harvard and MIT campuses. Temporary public artworks are displayed as part of the annual Cambridge River Festival on the banks of the Charles River during winter celebrations in Harvard and Central Squares and at Harvard University campus sites. Experimental forms of public artistic and cultural expression include the Central Square World's Fair, the annual Somerville-based Honk! Festival, and If This House Could Talk, a neighborhood art and history event.

Street musicians and other performers entertain tourists and locals in Harvard Square during the warmer months. The performances are coordinated through a public process that has been developed collaboratively by the performers, city administrators, private organizations and business groups. The Cambridge public library contains four Works Progress Administration murals completed in 1935 by Elizabeth Tracy Montminy: Religion, Fine Arts, History of Books and Paper, and The Development of the Printing Press.

Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site

Stata Center at MIT

Simmons Hall at MIT

Architecture

Despite intensive urbanization during the late 19th century and the 20th century, Cambridge has several historic buildings, including some from the 17th century. The city also has abundant contemporary architecture, largely built by Harvard and MIT.

Notable historic buildings in the city include:

See also: List of Registered Historic Places in Cambridge, Massachusetts

• The Asa Gray House (1810)
• Austin Hall, Harvard University (1882–1884)
• Cambridge City Hall (1888–1889)
• Cambridge Public Library (1888)
• Christ Church, Cambridge (1761)
• Cooper-Frost-Austin House (1689–1817)
• Elmwood House (1767), residence of the president of Harvard University
• First Church of Christ, Scientist (1924–1930)
• The First Parish in Cambridge (1833)
• Harvard-Epworth United Methodist Church (1891–1893)
• Harvard Lampoon Building (1909)
• The Hooper-Lee-Nichols House (1685–1850)
• Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site (1759), former home of poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and headquarters of George Washington
• The Memorial Church of Harvard University (1932)
• Memorial Hall, Harvard University (1870–1877)
• Middlesex County Courthouse (1814–1848)
• Urban Rowhouse (1875)
• O'Reilly Spite House (1908), built to spite a neighbor who would not sell his adjacent land

Contemporary architecture:

• Arthur M. Sackler Museum at Harvard University, one of the few buildings in the U.S. by Pritzker Prize winner James Stirling
• Baker House dormitory at MIT by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto, one of only two Aalto buildings in the U.S.
• Harvard Graduate Center/Harkness Commons by The Architects Collaborative with Walter Gropius
• Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard, the only Le Corbusier building in North America
• Design Research Building by Benjamin Thompson and Associates
• Harvard Science Center, Holyoke Center, and Peabody Terrace by Catalan architect and Harvard Graduate School of Design Dean Josep Lluís Sert
• Kresge Auditorium, MIT, by Eero Saarinen
• Harvard Art Museums, renovation and major expansion of Fogg Museum building, completed in 2014 by Renzo Piano
• MIT Chapel by Eero Saarinen
• MIT Media Lab, two buildings by I. M. Pei and Fumihiko Maki
• Simmons Hall at MIT by Steven Holl
• Stata Center, home to the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, the Department of Linguistics, and the Department of Philosophy by Frank Gehry

Music

The city has an active music scene, from classical performances to the latest popular bands. Beyond its colleges and universities, Cambridge has many music venues, including The Middle East, Club Passim, The Plough and Stars, The Lizard Lounge and the Nameless Coffeehouse.

Parks and recreation

Alewife Brook Reservation

Consisting largely of densely built residential space, Cambridge lacks significant tracts of public parkland. Easily accessible open space on the university campuses, including Harvard Yard, Radcliffe Yard, and MIT's Great Lawn, as well as the considerable open space of Mount Auburn Cemetery and Fresh Pond Reservation, partly compensates for this. At Cambridge's western edge, the cemetery is known as a garden cemetery because of its landscaping (the oldest planned landscape in the country) and arboretum. Although known as a Cambridge landmark, much of the cemetery lies within Watertown. It is also an Important Bird Area (IBA) in the Greater Boston area. Fresh Pond Reservation is the largest open green space in Cambridge with 162 acres (656,000 m²) of land around a 155-acre (627,000 m²) kettle hole lake. This land includes a 2.25-mile walking trail around the reservoir and a public nine-hole golf course.

Public parkland includes the esplanade along the Charles River, which mirrors its Boston counterpart, Cambridge Common, Danehy Park, and Alewife Brook Reservation.

Government

Federal and state representation

Voter registration and party enrollment as of February 12, 2020
Party		Number of voters	Percentage
	Democratic	39,916	56.48%
	Republican	2,126	3.01%
	Unaffiliated	27,922	39.51%
	Libertarian	213	0.31%
Total		70,674	100%

Cambridge is split between Massachusetts's 5th and 7th U.S. congressional districts. The 5th district seat is held by Democrat Katherine Clark, who replaced now-Senator Ed Markey in a 2013 special election; the 7th is represented by Democrat Ayanna Pressley, elected in 2018. The state's senior United States senator is Democrat Elizabeth Warren, elected in 2012, who lives in Cambridge. The governor of Massachusetts is Democrat Maura Healey, elected in 2022.

Cambridge is represented in six districts in the Massachusetts House of Representatives: the 24th Middlesex (which includes parts of Belmont and Arlington), the 25th and 26th Middlesex (the latter of which includes a portion of Somerville), the 29th Middlesex (which includes a small part of Watertown), and the Eighth and Ninth Suffolk (both including parts of the City of Boston). The city is represented in the Massachusetts Senate as a part of the 2nd Middlesex, Middlesex and Suffolk, and 1st Suffolk and Middlesex districts.

Politics

From 1860 to 1880, Republicans Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, and James Garfield each won Cambridge, Grant doing so by margins of over 20 points in both of his campaigns. Following that, from 1884 to 1892, Grover Cleveland won Cambridge in all three of his presidential campaigns, by less than ten points each time.

Then from 1896 to 1924, Cambridge became something of a swing city with a slight Republican lean. Republican candidates carried the city in five of the eight presidential elections during that time, with five of the elections resulting in either a plurality or a margin of victory of fewer than ten points.

In modern times, however, Cambridge has been a stronghold of the Democratic Party. In the last 23 presidential elections, dating back to the nomination of Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election, Democratic presidential candidates have won Cambridge with every Democratic nominee since Massachusetts native John F. Kennedy in 1960 receiving at least 70% of the vote, except for Jimmy Carter in 1976 and 1980. Since 1928, the only Republican nominee to come within ten points of carrying Cambridge is Dwight Eisenhower in his 1956 reelection bid.

Presidential election results

Year	Democratic	Republican
2020	91.7% 50,233	6.4% 3,519
2016	87.9% 46,563	6.3% 3,323
2012	86.0% 43,515	10.8% 5,476
2008	87.8% 40,876	10.1% 4,697
2004	84.8% 35,886	12.6% 5,338
2000	72.1% 28,846	12.9% 5,166
1996	78.9% 30,043	13.1% 4,990
1992	74.7% 30,737	14.2% 5,847
1988	77.0% 32,027	21.1% 8,770
1984	76.2% 32,582	23.4% 10,007
1980	60.8% 24,337	19.9% 7,952
1976	68.7% 29,052	24.6% 10,424
1972	74.0% 30,486	25.4% 10,464
1968	76.8% 29,386	17.9% 6,840
1964	83.6% 36,009	13.4% 5,764
1960	70.3% 34,029	28.3% 13,691
1956	49.7% 25,240	48.3% 24,538
1952	56.2% 31,668	41.8% 23,526
1948	62.6% 33,501	32.1% 17,149
1944	58.4% 27,629	36.2% 17,149
1940	58.8% 30,412	38.6% 19,967
1936	55.9% 25,917	33.4% 15,495
1932	60.9% 24,585	35.0% 14,121
1928	60.9% 25,794	37.0% 15,662
1924	37.2% 11,321	49.5% 15,048
1920	38.6% 10,808	58.2% 16,289
1916	55.6% 7,999	42.8% 6,149
1912	48.7% 6,665	24.5% 3,360
1908	43.5% 5,562	51.6% 6,595
1904	48.7% 6,769	48.3% 6,706
1900	46.2% 5,249	50.3% 5,717
1896	25.6% 2,868	64.8% 7,247
1892	53.6% 5,996	44.2% 4,945
1888	51.4% 4,832	46.1% 4,330
1884	47.8% 4,040	40.6% 3,430
1880	43.5% 3,293	55.9% 4,227
1876	49.1% 3,531	50.9% 3,654
1872	34.8% 1,753	65.2% 3,289
1868	39.2% 1,982	60.8% 3,079
1864	38.0% 1,693	62.0% 2,760
1860	24.6% 888	50.0% 1,805

City government

Cambridge City Hall in the 1980s

Cambridge has a city government led by a mayor and a nine-member city council. There is also a six-member school committee that functions alongside the superintendent of public schools. The councilors and school committee members are elected every two years using proportional representation.

The mayor is elected by the city councilors from among themselves and serves as the chair of city council meetings. The mayor also sits on the school committee. The mayor is not the city's chief executive. Rather, the city manager, who is appointed by the city council, serves in that capacity.

Under the city's Plan E form of government, the city council does not have the power to appoint or remove city officials who are under the direction of the city manager. The city council and its members are also forbidden from giving orders to any subordinate of the city manager.

Yi-An Huang is the City Manager as of September 6, 2022, succeeding Owen O'Riordan (now the Deputy City Manager) who briefly served as the Acting City Manager after Louis DePasquale resigned on July 5, 2022, after six years in office.

District	Councillor	In office since
At-large	Burhan Azeem	Jan. 2022
At-large	Marc C. McGovern**	Jan. 2014
At-large	Patty Nolan	Jan. 2020
At-large	Joan Pickett	Jan. 2024
At-large	Sumbul Siddiqui**	Jan. 2018
At-large	E. Denise Simmons*	Jan. 2002
At-large	Jivan Sobrinho-Wheeler	Jan. 2024
At-large	Paul Toner	Jan. 2022
At-large	Ayesha Wilson	Jan. 2024

* = current mayor
** = former mayor

On March 8, 2021, Cambridge City Council voted to recognize polyamorous domestic partnerships, becoming the second city in the United States following neighboring Somerville, which had done so in 2020.

County government

Cambridge was a county seat of Middlesex County, along with Lowell, until the abolition of executive county government. Though the county government was abolished in 1997, the county still exists as a geographical and political region. The employees of Middlesex County courts, jails, registries, and other county agencies now work directly for the state. The county's registrars of Deeds and Probate remain in Cambridge, but the Superior Court and District Attorney have had their operations transferred to Woburn. Third District Court has shifted operations to Medford, and the county Sheriff's office awaits near-term relocation.

Education

An aerial view of part of MIT's main campus

Dunster House, one of 12 undergraduate dormitories at Harvard University

Higher education

Cambridge is perhaps best known as an academic and intellectual center. Its colleges and universities include:

• Cambridge School of Culinary Arts
• Harvard University
• Hult International Business School
• Lesley University
• Longy School of Music of Bard College
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Radcliffe College (now merged with Harvard College)

At least 258 of the world's total 962 Nobel Prize winners have at some point in their careers been affiliated with universities in Cambridge.

Cambridge College is named for Cambridge and was based in Cambridge until 2017, when it consolidated to a new headquarters in neighboring Boston.

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, one of the nation's oldest learned societies founded in 1780, is based in Cambridge.

Primary and secondary public education

The city's schools constitute the Cambridge Public School District. Schools include:

• Amigos School
• Baldwin School (formerly the Agassiz School)
• Cambridgeport School
• Fletcher-Maynard Academy
• Graham and Parks Alternative School
• Haggerty School
• Kennedy-Longfellow School
• King Open School
• Martin Luther King Jr. School
• Morse School (a Core Knowledge school)
• Peabody School
• Tobin School (a Montessori school)

Five upper schools offer grades 6–8 in some of the same buildings as the elementary schools:

• Amigos School
• Cambridge Street Upper School
• Putnam Avenue Upper School
• Rindge Avenue Upper School
• Vassal Lane Upper School

Cambridge has three district public high school programs, including Cambridge Rindge and Latin School (CRLS).

Другие государственные чартерные школы включают Чартерную школу Бенджамина Баннекера , которая обслуживает классы K – 6; Community Charter School of Cambridge in Kendall Square, which serves grades 7–12; and Prospect Hill Academy, a charter school whose upper school is in Central Square though it is not a part of the Cambridge Public School District.

Начальное и среднее частное образование

Часть Кембриджской публичной библиотеки, построенная в 1888 году.

В Кембридже также есть несколько частных школ, в том числе:

• Бостонская архиепископская хоровая школа
• Букингемская школа Брауна и Николса
• Кембриджская школа Монтессори
• Кембриджская друзей школа
• Школа Файервезер-стрит
• Международная школа Бостона (ранее École Bilingue)
• Матиньонская средняя школа
• Школа Шейди Хилл
• Школа Святого Петра

СМИ

См. Также: СМИ в Бостоне

В районе Метро Бостона основными телевизионными станциями города, связанными с сетью, являются WBTS-CD ( NBC ), WBZ-TV ( CBS ), WCVB-TV ( ABC ) и WFXT ( Fox ). Есть несколько дополнительных местных станций, к которым можно получить доступ по воздуху без необходимости использования кабеля и т. д. доступа. Город также обслуживается WGBH-TV и WGBX-TV , которые являются станциями-членами PBS , при этом WGBH является флагманской станцией сети Образовательного фонда WGBH по всему штату . Несколько телевизионных служб обеспечивают различные части Кембриджа кабельным , DSL , оптоволоконным и спутниковым телевещанием , а также Интернетом , включая AT&T U-verse/DIRECTV , Комкаст/Xfinity , и сеть DISH. .

Газеты

Кембридж обслуживается единственной онлайн-газетой Cambridge Day. Последняя физическая газета в городе, Cambridge Chronicle , прекратила выпуск в 2022 году и сегодня публикует только региональные статьи из других объектов Gannett.

Радио

Кембридж является домом для следующих радиостанций, включая станции с коммерческой лицензией и станции, управляемые студентами:

Позывной	Частота	Город/город	Лицензиат	Формат
WHRB	95,3 ФМ	Кембридж (Гарвард)	Гарвардская радиовещательная компания, Inc.	Музыкальное разнообразие
ВЖИБ	740 АМ/101,3 ФМ	Кембридж	Боб Биттнер Радиовещание	Взрослые стандарты / Поп
ВМБР	88,1 ФМ	Кембридж (МТИ)	Технологическая радиовещательная корпорация	Колледж радио

Телевидение и широкополосный доступ

Кембриджское общественное телевидение (CCTV) обслуживает город с момента его создания в 1988 году. CCTV управляет общедоступной телевизионной станцией Кембриджа и тремя телевизионными каналами, 8, 9 и 96, в кабельной системе XFinity (Comcast). Город объявил тендеры другим провайдерам кабельного телевидения, но Comcast остается его единственной компанией фиксированного телевидения и широкополосного доступа в Интернет. хотя доступны услуги американских провайдеров спутникового телевидения. В октябре 2014 года городской менеджер Кембриджа Ричард Росси назначил гражданскую рабочую группу по широкополосной связи для «изучения вариантов повышения конкуренции, снижения цен и улучшения скорости, надежности и обслуживания клиентов как для жителей, так и для предприятий».

Инфраструктура

Дополнительная информация: Список самых высоких зданий в Кембридже, Массачусетс.

Утилиты

• Услуги кабельного телевидения предоставляются компанией XFINITY (Comcast Communications).
• Некоторые части Кембриджа обслуживаются контуром централизованного теплоснабжения промышленных организаций, которые также охватывают Бостон.
• Электрические услуги и природный газ предоставляются Eversource Energy .
• Услуги фиксированной связи предоставляются Гарвардским университетом. Массачусетский технологический институт (MIT), и Verizon Communications. Все телефоны в Кембридже подключены к центральным офисам в столичном регионе.
• В городе имеется собственный общественный, образовательный и правительственный доступ (PEG), известный как Кембриджское общественное телевидение (CCTV).

Водный отдел

Кембридж получает воду из Хоббс-Брук (в Линкольне и Уолтеме) и Стоуни-Брук (Уолтем и Уэстон), а также через аварийное соединение с Управлением водных ресурсов Массачусетса . Городу принадлежит более 1200 акров (486 га) земли в других городах, включая эти водохранилища и части их водораздела. Вода из этих резервуаров самотеком течет по акведуку к Фреш-Понд в Кембридже. Затем он обрабатывается на соседнем заводе и перекачивается вверх на высоту 176 футов (54 м) над уровнем моря в водохранилище Пейсон-Парк (Бельмонт). Затем вода самотеком перераспределяется вниз по склону к отдельным пользователям в городе. В 2001 году открылась новая водоочистная станция.

В октябре 2016 года город объявил, что из-за засухи они начнут закупать воду у MWRA. 3 января 2017 года Кембридж объявил: «В результате продолжающихся осадков каждый месяц, начиная с октября 2016 года, мы смогли значительно сократить потребность в использовании воды MWRA. Мы не покупали воду MWRA с 12 декабря 2016 года, и если «Среднее» количество осадков продолжается и может продолжаться несколько месяцев».

• В Кембридже имеется канализация. Город соединен с канализационной сетью Управления водных ресурсов Массачусетса (MWRA) с очистными сооружениями в Бостонской гавани.

Транспорт

См. Также: Транспорт Бостона

Дорога

Массачусетс-авеню на Гарвард-сквер

Кембридж обслуживается несколькими основными дорогами, включая Маршрут 2 , Маршрут 16 и Маршрут 28 . не Массачусетская магистраль проходит через Кембридж, но доступна через выезд в соседнем Олстоне . И американский маршрут 1 , и межштатная автомагистраль 93 обеспечивают дополнительный доступ к восточной части Кембриджа через Леверетт-серкл в Бостоне. Маршрут 2А проходит по всей длине города, в основном вдоль Массачусетс-авеню. Река Чарльз образует южную границу Кембриджа и пересекается 11 мостами, соединяющими Кембридж с Бостоном, восемь из которых открыты для автомобильного движения, включая мост Лонгфелло и Гарвардский мост .

В Кембридже нерегулярная уличная сеть, поскольку многие дороги построены в колониальную эпоху. Вопреки распространенному мнению, дорожная система не возникла из давних коровьих троп. Дороги соединяли различные деревенские поселения друг с другом и близлежащими городами и формировались в зависимости от географических особенностей, в первую очередь ручьев, холмов и болотистых местностей. Сегодня основные «площади» обычно соединены длинными, в основном прямыми дорогами, такими как Массачусетс-авеню между Гарвардской площадью и Центральной площадью или Хэмпшир-стрит между Кендалл-сквер и Инман-сквер .

25 октября 2022 года городской совет Кембриджа проголосовал 8 голосами против 1 за исключение минимального количества парковочных мест из городского кодекса, сославшись на сокращение числа автомобилей, с целью содействия жилищному строительству.

Общественный транспорт

Центральная станция в красной линии MBTA Кембридже

Кембридж обслуживается Управлением транспорта Массачусетского залива , включая станции Porter на региональной пригородной железной дороге , станции Lechmere на зеленой линии и станции Alewife , Porter, Harvard , Central и Kendall Square/MIT на красной линии . Станция «Алевифе», конечная остановка красной линии, имеет большой многоэтажный гараж.

Гарвардский автобусный туннель под Гарвардской площадью соединяется с красной линией метро. обслуживал безрельсовые троллейбусы, троллейбусы Этот туннель был первоначально открыт для трамваев в 1912 году и после переоборудования маршрутов и автобусы; четыре линии троллейбусной системы МБТА продолжали использовать его до перевода на дизельное топливо в 2022 году. Туннель был частично изменен, когда в начале 1980-х годов красную линию продлили до Алевайф.

Станция Union Square в Сомервилле на зеленой линии и станция Community College в Чарлстауне на оранжевой линии расположены недалеко от Кембриджа.

Помимо государственного транзитного агентства, город также обслуживают шаттлы Агентства управления транспортом реки Чарльз (CRTMA), которые поддерживаются некоторыми крупнейшими компаниями, работающими в городе, а также самим муниципальным правительством.

Велоспорт

В Кембридже есть несколько велосипедных дорожек , в том числе одна вдоль реки Чарльз , и Линейный парк, соединяющий велосипедную дорожку Минитмен в Алевайф с общественной тропой Сомервилля . Сообщение с Уотертауном открылось в 2022 году. Велосипедные парковки являются обычным явлением, и на многих улицах есть велосипедные дорожки, хотя были высказаны опасения по поводу пригодности многих полос. На нескольких центральных улицах Массачусетского технологического института велосипедные дорожки переходят на тротуар. Кембридж запрещает езду на велосипеде на определенных участках тротуара, где интенсивное пешеходное движение.

Журнал Bicycling Magazine в 2006 году назвал Бостон одним из худших городов в стране для езды на велосипеде. но он удостоил Кембридж почетного звания одного из лучших и был назван журналом «большой надеждой Бостона». С тех пор Бостон последовал примеру Кембриджа и приложил значительные усилия для повышения безопасности и удобства езды на велосипеде.

Прогулка

Мост Уикс обеспечивает пешеходное сообщение между районом Олстон-Брайтон в Бостоне и Кембриджем через реку Чарльз .

Прогулки — популярное занятие в Кембридже. В 2000 году среди городов США с населением более 100 000 человек в Кембридже был самый высокий процент пассажиров, которые добирались до работы пешком . Главные исторические площади Кембриджа превратились в современные пешеходные кварталы, включающие функции успокоения дорожного движения, основанные на потребностях пешеходов, а не автомобилистов.

Междугородний

Междугородный автобусный и железнодорожный вокзалы Бостона на Южном вокзале в Бостоне и международный аэропорт Логан в Восточном Бостоне , до которых можно добраться на метро. Железнодорожное сообщение Fitchburg Line от Портер-сквер соединяется с некоторыми западными пригородами. С октября 2010 года также существует междугороднее автобусное сообщение между станцией Алевайф (Кембридж) и Нью-Йорком.

Департамент полиции

Основная статья: Департамент полиции Кембриджа (Массачусетс)

Помимо полицейского управления Кембриджа, город патрулируют Пятые (Брайтонские) казармы отряда H полиции штата Массачусетс . Однако из-за близости город также практикует функциональное сотрудничество с Четвертой (Бостонской) казармой отряда H. Кампусы Гарварда и Массачусетского технологического института патрулируются Департаментом полиции Гарвардского университета и Департаментом полиции Массачусетского технологического института соответственно.

Пожарная часть

Двигатель 2 пожарной охраны Кембриджа, отряд фельдшеров 2, пожарная часть лестницы 3

Город Кембридж охраняется пожарной службой Кембриджа. Основанная в 1832 году, CFD управляет восемью моторными ротами, четырьмя лестничными ротами, одной спасательной ротой и тремя ротами фельдшеров из восьми пожарных депо, расположенных по всему городу. Исполняющий обязанности начальника - Томас Ф. Кэхилл-младший.

Скорая медицинская помощь (EMS)

Город Кембридж получает неотложную медицинскую помощь от PRO EMS, частной службы скорой помощи.

Услуги публичной библиотеки

Основная статья: Кембриджская публичная библиотека

Дополнительные образовательные услуги предоставляются в Кембриджской публичной библиотеке. Большое современное главное здание было построено в 2009 году и соединяется с отреставрированным романским зданием Ричардсона 1888 года. Он был основан как частный Кембриджский Атенеум в 1849 году, был приобретен городом в 1858 году и стал библиотекой Даны. Здание 1888 года было подарком Фредерика Х. Ринджа .

Города-побратимы и города-побратимы

Смотрите также: Список городов-побратимов и городов-побратимов в Соединенных Штатах.

Кембриджа, Города-побратимы имеющие активные отношения:

• Коимбра , Португалия (1982)
• Гаэта , Италия (1982)
• Цукуба , Япония (1983)
• Сан-Хосе Лас Флорес , Сальвадор (1987)
• Ереван , Армения (1987)
• Голуэй , Ирландия (1997)
• Ле-Ке , Гаити (2014)

У Кембриджа есть еще десять неактивных городов-побратимов:

• Дублин , Ирландия (1983)
• Искья , Италия (1984)
• Катания , Италия (1987)
• Краков , Польша (1989)
• Флоренция , Италия (1992)
• Санто-Доминго-Оэсте , Доминиканская Республика (2003 г.)
• Саутварк , Англия (2004)
• Юсон (Тэджон) , Корея (2005)
• Хайдянь (Пекин) , Китай (2005 г.)
• Сьенфуэгос , Куба (2005)

Ссылки

Источники

Смотрите также: Библиография истории Кембриджа, Массачусетс.

• Бэйнс, Т.С., изд. (1878), «Кембридж (3.)» , Британская энциклопедия , том. 4 (9-е изд.), Нью-Йорк: Сыновья Чарльза Скрибнера, с. 732
• Чисхолм, Хью , изд. (1911), «Кембридж (Массачусетс)» , Британская энциклопедия , том. 5 (11-е изд.), Cambridge University Press, стр. 95–96.
• Дрейк, Сэмюэл Адамс, изд. (1879). История округа Миддлсекс, штат Массачусетс: содержит тщательно подготовленные истории каждого города и поселка в округе . Том. 2 (ЛВ). Эстес и Лориа.
  • Кембриджская статья преподобного Эдварда Эбботта в томе 1, страницы 305–358.
• Элиот, Сэмюэл Аткинс. История Кембриджа, Массачусетс: 1630–1913 гг . Кембридж, Массачусетс: The Cambridge Tribune , 1913.
• Хистэнд, Эмили. «Водораздел: Экскурсия в четырех частях». Обзор Джорджии (весна 1998 г.). Афины, Джорджия : Университет Джорджии : 7–28.
• Пейдж, Люциус. История Кембриджа, Массачусетс: 1630–1877 гг . Кембридж, Массачусетс: The Riverside Press , 1877.
• Обзор истории архитектуры в Кембридже: Средний Кембридж . Кембридж, Массачусетс: Кембриджская историческая комиссия, 1967. ISBN   0-262-53012-0 .
• Обзор истории архитектуры в Кембридже: Кембриджпорт . Кембридж, Массачусетс: Кембриджская историческая комиссия, 1971. ISBN   0-262-53013-9 .
• Обзор истории архитектуры в Кембридже: Старый Кембридж . Кембридж, Массачусетс: Кембриджская историческая комиссия, 1973. ISBN   0-262-53014-7 .
• Обзор истории архитектуры в Кембридже: Северо-Западный Кембридж . Кембридж, Массачусетс: Кембриджская историческая комиссия, 1977. ISBN   0-262-53032-5 .
• Обзор истории архитектуры в Кембридже: Восточный Кембридж (переработанное издание). Кембридж, Массачусетс: Кембриджская историческая комиссия, 1988. ISBN   0-262-53078-3
• Синклер, Джилл (апрель 2009 г.). Свежий пруд: история кембриджского пейзажа . Кембридж, Массачусетс: MIT Press. ISBN  978-0-262-19591-1 .
• Сиберг, Алан (2001). Кембридж на острове Чарльз . Биллерика, Массачусетс : Anne Miniver Press. ISBN  978-0-9625794-9-3 . Архивировано из оригинала 15 февраля 2023 года . Проверено 16 июня 2015 г.

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт
• Географические данные о Кембридже, штат Массачусетс, на OpenStreetMap.
• Кембридж, Массачусетс в Керли
• Путь инноваций – история изобретений в Кембридже и Бостоне