Неореализм (искусство)
В искусстве неореализм относится к нескольким движениям.
В литературе
[ редактировать ]Португальский неореализм был марксистским литературным движением [ Цитация необходима ] Это началось немного до правления Салазара. Это было в основном в соответствии с социалистическим реализмом [ Цитация необходима ] .
В Италии неореализм был движением, которое появилось в конце 1920 -х годов и началось быстро развиваться после Второй мировой войны. Он был представлен такими авторами, как Альберто Моравия , Игнацио Силн , Элио Витторини , Карло Леви , Васко Пратолини и другие.
В живописи
[ редактировать ]Neo-realism in painting was established by the ex-Camden Town Group painters Charles Ginner and Harold Gilman at the beginning of World War I. They set out to explore the spirit of their age through the shapes and colours of daily life. Their intentions were proclaimed in Ginner's manifesto in New Age (1 January 1914), which was also used as the preface to Gilman and Ginner's two-man exhibition of that year. It attacked the academic and warned against the ‘decorative’ aspect of imitators of Post-Impressionism. The best examples of neorealist work is that produced by these two artists; Howard Kanovitz and also Robert Bevan. For Robert Bevan he joined Cumberland Market Group in 1914.[1]
Artists
[edit]- Howard Kanovitz - Vernissage, 1967 - Cologne, Museum Ludwig [2]
- Chuck Close - Linda 1975/76 Akron (OH), Akron Art Museum [3]
- Stanley Spencer - Seated Nude, 1942 [4]
In cinema
[edit]Neorealism is characterized by a general atmosphere of authenticity. André Bazin, a French film theorist and critic, argued that neorealism portrays: truth, naturalness, authenticity, and is a cinema of duration. The necessary characteristics of neo-realism in film include:[5]
- a definite social context;
- a sense of historical actuality and immediacy;
- political commitment to progressive social change;
- authentic on-location shooting as opposed to the artificial studio;
- a rejection of classical Hollywood acting styles; extensive use of non-professional actors as much as possible;
- a documentary style of cinematography.
Films
[edit] |
Precursors
- Land Without Bread (1933, Spain)
- 1860 (1934, Italy)
- An Inn in Tokyo (1935, Japan)
- Toni (1935, France)
- Aniki-Bóbó (1942, Portugal)
- People of the Mountains (1942, Hungary)
- Ossessione (1943, Italy)
- Saltimbancos (1951, Portugal)
Italian
- Roma, città aperta (1945)
- Shoeshine (Sciuscià) (1946)
- Paisà (1946)
- Germania anno zero (1948)
- Bicycle Thieves (Ladri di biciclette) (1948)
- La terra trema (1948)
- Bitter Rice (1949)
- Stromboli (1950)
- Miracle in Milan (1951)
- Umberto D. (1952)
- La strada (1954)
- Rocco and His Brothers (1960)
- Il Posto (1961)
Other countries
- Lowly City (1946, India)
- Drunken Angel (1948, Japan)
- Stray Dog (1949, Japan)
- Los Olvidados (1950, Mexico)
- Surcos (1951, Spain)
- Ikiru (1952, Japan)
- Nagarik (1952, India)
- Tokyo Story (1953, Japan)
- Two Acres of Land (1953, India)
- Salt of the Earth (1954, United States)
- Newspaper Boy (1955, India)
- The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959, India)
- Death of a Cyclist (1955, Spain)
- Cairo Station (1958, Egypt)
- The Runaway (1958, India)
- The 400 Blows (1959, France)
- The Beginning and the End (1960, Egypt)
- Los golfos (1960, Spain)
- Nothing But a Man (1964, United States)
- Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975, Belgium)
- Killer of Sheep (1978, United States)
- Pixote (1981, Brazil)
- The Stolen Children (1982, Italy)
- Yol (1982, Turkey)
- Salaam Bombay! (1988, India)
- Veronico Cruz (1988, Argentina)
- American Me (1992, United States)
- Children of Heaven (1997, Iran)
- Satya (1998, India)
- The City (La Ciudad) (1998, United States)
- Not One Less (1999, China)
- Rosetta (1999, France)
- The Circle (Dayereh) (2000, Iran)
- Amores perros (2000, Mexico)
- Bolivia (2001, Argentina)
- Lilja 4-Ever (2002, Sweden)
- Cidade de Deus (2002, Brazil)
- Carandiru (2003, Brazil / Argentina)
- Familia rodante (2004, Argentina, et al.)
- Machuca (2004, Chile)
- The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (2005, Romania)
- L'Enfant (2005, Belgium / France)
- Man Push Cart (2005, United States)
- Half Nelson (2006, United States)
- Still Life (2006, China)
- 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (2007, Romania)
- Chop Shop (2007, United States)
- Ballast (2008, United States)
- Frozen River (2008, United States)
- Involuntary (2008, Sweden)
- Lorna's Silence (2008, Belgium)
- Wendy and Lucy (2008, United States)
- Fish Tank (2009, Great Britain)
- Goodbye Solo (2009, United States)
- Sin Nombre (2009, United States / Mexico)
- Treeless Mountain (2009, United States / South Korea)
- Winter's Bone (2010, United States)
- 0-41* (2016, India)
- En el séptimo día (2017, United States)
See also
[edit]- History of cinema
- Nouveau réalisme, a later French art movement
References
[edit]- ^ A Countryman in Town. Robert Bevan and The Cumberland Market Group. Exhibition catalogue. Southampton City Art Gallery. 2008.
- ^ Ruhrberg, Karl, Manfred Schneckenburger, Christiane Fricke, Klaus Honnef, and Ingo F. Walther. "Chapter 12 Painting as a Mind-Game." Art of the 20th Century. Köln: Taschen, 2016. 338-39. Print.
- ^ Ruhrberg, Karl, Manfred Schneckenburger, Christiane Fricke, Klaus Honnef, and Ingo F. Walther. "Chapter 12 Painting as a Mind-Game." Art of the 20th Century. Köln: Taschen, 2016. 338-39. Print.
- ^ Ruhrberg, Karl, Manfred Schneckenburger, Christiane Fricke, Klaus Honnef, and Ingo F. Walther. "Chapter 12 Painting as a Mind-Game." Art of the 20th Century. Taschen, 2016. 335. Print.
- ^ Bondanella, Peter. La Strada, Rutgers Films in Print Series. Rutgers University Press: 1987, page 3-4. ISBN 0-8135-1236-0.
External links
[edit]- Neorealism at the Internet Movie Database.
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