Стрелок от первого лица

Не путать с стрелком из легкого оружия , рельсовым стрелком или стрельбой в галерею .

Для других видов использования см. Шутер от первого лица (устранение неоднозначности) .

«Doom Clone» перенаправляет здесь. Для современного возрождения см. Boomer Shooter .

A player engaging in combat during an above-ground section in Half-Life

Шутер от первого лица ( FPS )-это видеоигра, сосредоточенная на борьбе с оружием и другим боем на основе оружия, который можно увидеть с точки зрения от первого лица , и игрок испытывает действие прямо в глазах главного героя . Этот жанр разделяет несколько общих черт с другими играми в шутере и, в свою очередь, подпадает под категорию Action Games . С момента создания жанра, передовая 3D и псевдо-3D -графика оказалась фундаментальной, чтобы позволить разумный уровень погружения в игровой мир , и этот тип игры помогли продвигать технологии дальше, бросая вызов разработчикам оборудования во всем мире, чтобы внедрить многочисленные инновации в полях в области. Графические единицы обработки . Многопользовательские игры были неотъемлемой частью опыта и стали еще более заметными с распространением подключения к Интернету в последние годы.

Although earlier games predate it by 20 years, the first-person shooter genre owes credit to Wolfenstein 3D (1992) for being the highest-profile archetype upon which most subsequent titles were based. One such title, considered the progenitor of the genre's mainstream acceptance and popularity, was Doom (1993), often cited as the most influential game in this category; for years, the term "Doom clone" was used to designate this type of game, due to Doom's enormous success. Another common name for the genre in its early days was "corridor shooter", since processing limitations of that era's computer hardware meant that most of the action had to take place in enclosed areas, such as corridors and small rooms.

During the 1990s, the genre was one of the main cornerstones for technological advancements of computer graphics, starting with the release of Quake in 1996. Quake was one of the first real-time 3D rendered video games in history, and quickly became one of the most acclaimed shooter games of all time. Graphics accelerator hardware became essential to improve performances and add new effects such as full texture mapping, dynamic lighting and particle processing to the 3D engines that powered the games of that period, such as the iconic id Tech 2, the first iteration of the Unreal Engine, or the more versatile Build. Other seminal games were released during the years, with Marathon enhancing the narrative and puzzle elements, Duke Nukem 3D introducing voice acting, complete interactivity with the environment, and city-life settings to the genre, and games like Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six and Counter-Strike starting to adopt a realistic and tactical approach aimed at simulating real life counter-terrorism situations. GoldenEye 007, released in 1997, was a landmark first-person shooter for home consoles, while the critical and commercial success of later titles like Perfect Dark, Medal of Honor and the Halo series helped to heighten the appeal of this genre for the consoles market, straightening the road to the current tendency to release most titles as cross-platform, like many games in the Far Cry and Call of Duty series.

Definition

First-person shooters are a type of shooter game that relies on a first-person point of view with which the player experiences the action through the eyes of the character. They differ from third-person shooters in that, in a third-person shooter, the player can see the character they are controlling (usually from behind, or above). The primary design focus is combat, mainly involving firearms or other types of long range weapons.

A defining feature of the genre is "player-guided navigation through a three-dimensional space." This is a defining characteristic that clearly distinguishes the genre from other types of shooting games that employ a first-person perspective, including light gun shooters, rail shooters, shooting gallery games, or older shooting electro-mechanical games. First person-shooter games are thus categorized as being distinct from light gun shooters, a similar genre with a first-person perspective which uses dedicated light gun peripherals, in contrast to the use of conventional input devices. Light-gun shooters (like Virtua Cop) often feature "on-rails" (scripted) movement, whereas first-person shooters give the player complete freedom to roam the surroundings.

The first-person shooter may be considered a distinct genre itself, or a type of shooter game, in turn a subgenre of the wider action game genre. Following the release of Doom in 1993, games in this style were commonly referred to as "Doom clones"; over time this term has largely been replaced by "first-person shooter". Wolfenstein 3D, released in 1992, the year before Doom, has been often credited with introducing the genre, but critics have since identified similar, though less advanced, games developed as far back as 1973. There are occasional disagreements regarding the specific design elements which constitute a first-person shooter. For example, titles like Deus Ex or BioShock may be considered as first-person shooters, but may also fit into the role-playing games category, as they borrow extensively from that genre. Other examples, like Far Cry and Rage, could also be considered adventure games, because they focus more on exploration than simple action, they task players with multiple different objectives other than just killing enemies, and they often revolve around the construction of complex cinematic storylines with a well defined cast of secondary characters to interact with. Furthermore, certain puzzle or platforming games are also sometimes categorized as first-person shooters, in spite of lacking any direct combat or shooting element, instead using a first-person perspective to help players immerse within the game and better navigate 3D environments (for example, in the case of Portal, the 'gun' the player character carries is used to create portals through walls rather than fire projectiles). Some commentators also extend the definition to include combat flight simulators and space battle games, whenever the cockpit of the aircraft is depicted from a first-person point of view.

Game design

Like most shooter games, first-person shooters involve an avatar, one or more ranged weapons, and a varying number of enemies. Because they take place in a 3D environment, these games tend to be somewhat more realistic than 2D shooter games, and have more accurate representations of gravity, lighting, sound and collisions. First-person shooters played on personal computers are most often controlled with a combination of a keyboard and mouse. This system has been claimed as superior to that found in console games, which frequently use two analog sticks: one used for running and sidestepping, the other for looking and aiming. It is common to display the character's hands and weaponry in the main view, with a heads-up display showing health, ammunition and location details. Often, it is possible to overlay a map of the surrounding area.

Combat and power-ups

First-person shooters generally focus on action gameplay, with fast-paced combat and dynamic firefights being a central point of the experience, though certain titles may also place a greater emphasis on narrative, problem-solving and logic puzzles. In addition to shooting, melee combat may also be used extensively. In some games, melee weapons are especially powerful, as a reward for the risk the player must take in maneuvering his character into close proximity to the enemy. In other games, instead, melee weapons may be less effective but necessary as a last resort. "Tactical shooters" tend to be more realistic, and require the players to use teamwork and strategy in order to succeed; the players can often command a squad of characters, which may be controlled by the A.I. or by human teammates, and can be given different tasks during the course of the mission.

First-person shooters typically present players with a vast arsenal of weapons, which can have a large impact on how they will approach the game. Some games offer realistic reproductions of actual existing (or even historical) firearms, simulating their rate of fire, magazine size, ammunition amount, recoil and accuracy. Depending on the context, other first-person shooters may incorporate some imaginative variations, including futuristic prototypes, alien-technology or magical weapons, and/or implementing a wide array of different projectiles, from lasers, to energy, plasma, rockets, and arrows. These many variations may also be applied to the tossing of grenades, bombs, spears and the like. Also, more unconventional modes of destruction may be employed by the playable character, such as flames, electricity, telekinesis or other supernatural powers, and traps.

In the early era of first-person shooters, often designers allowed characters to carry a large number of different weapons with little to no reduction in speed or mobility. More modern games started to adopt a more realistic approach, where the player can only equip a handheld gun, coupled with a rifle, or even limiting the players to only one weapon of choice at a time, forcing them to swap between different alternatives according to the situation. In some games, there's the option to trade up or upgrade weapons, resulting in multiple degrees of customization. Thus, the standards of realism are extremely variable. The protagonist can generally get healing and equipment supplies by means of collectible items such as first aid kits or ammunition packs, simply by walking over, or interacting with them. Some games allow players to accumulate experience points in a role-playing game fashion, that can generally be used to unlock new weapons, bonuses and skills.

Level design

First-person shooters may be structurally composed of levels, or use the technique of a continuous narrative in which the game never leaves the first-person perspective. Others feature large sandbox environments, which are not divided into levels and can be explored freely. In first-person shooters, protagonists interact with the environment to varying degrees, from basics such as using doors, to problem solving puzzles based on a variety of interactive objects. In some games, the player can damage the environment, also to varying degrees: one common device is the use of barrels containing explosive material which the player can shoot, harming nearby enemies. Other games feature environments which are extensively destructible, allowing for additional visual effects. The game world will often make use of science fiction, historic (particularly World War II) or modern military themes, with such antagonists as aliens, monsters, terrorists and soldiers of various types. Games feature multiple difficulty settings; in harder modes, enemies are tougher, more aggressive and do more damage, and power-ups are limited. In easier modes, the player can succeed through reaction times alone; on more difficult settings, it is often necessary to memorize the levels through trial and error.

Multiplayer

More 21st century first-person shooters utilize the Internet for multiplayer features, but local area networks were commonly used in early games.

First-person shooters may feature a multiplayer mode, taking place on specialized levels. Some games are designed specifically for multiplayer gaming, and have very limited single player modes in which the player competes against game-controlled characters termed "bots". Massively multiplayer online first-person shooters like those in the PlanetSide series allow thousands of players to compete at once in a persistent world. Large scale multiplayer games allow multiple squads, with leaders issuing commands and a commander controlling the team's overall strategy. Multiplayer games have a variety of different styles of match.

The classic types are the deathmatch (and its team-based variant) in which players score points by killing other players' characters; and capture the flag, in which teams attempt to penetrate the opposing base, capture a flag and return it to their own base whilst preventing the other team from doing the same. Other game modes may involve attempting to capture enemy bases or areas of the map, attempting to take hold of an object for as long as possible while evading other players, or deathmatch variations involving limited lives or in which players fight over a particularly potent power-up. These match types may also be customizable, allowing the players to vary weapons, health and power-ups found on the map, as well as victory criteria. Games may allow players to choose between various classes, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, equipment and roles within a team.

Free-to-play

Main article: Free-to-play

There are many free-to-play first-person shooters on the market now, including Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, Apex Legends, Team Fortress 2, PlanetSide 2, and Halo Infinite Multiplayer. Some games are released as free-to-play as their intended business model and can be highly profitable (League of Legends earned $2 billion in 2017), but others such as Warhammer 40,000: Eternal Crusade begin their life as paid games and become free-to-play later to reach a wider audience after an initially disappointing reception. Some player communities complain about freemium first-person-shooters, fearing that they create unbalanced games, but many game designers have tweaked prices in response to criticism, and players can usually get the same benefits by playing longer rather than paying.

History

For the history of light gun shooter, rail shooter and shooting gallery games that employ a first-person perspective, see Shooter game § History, and Light gun shooter § History.

Origins: 1970s–1980s

Before the popularity of first-person shooters, the first-person viewpoint was used in vehicle simulation games such as Battlezone.

The earliest two documented first-person shooter video games are Maze War and Spasim. Maze War was originally developed in 1973 by Greg Thompson, Steve Colley and Howard Palmer, high-school students in a NASA work-study program trying to develop a program to help visualize fluid dynamics for spacecraft designs. The work became a maze game presented to the player in the first-person, and later included support for a second player and the ability to shoot the other player to win the game. Thompson took the game's code with him to Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where with help from Dave Lebling to create an eight-player version that could be played over ARPANET, computer-run players using artificial intelligence, customizable maps, online scoreboards and a spectator mode. Spasim had a documented debut at the University of Illinois in 1974 on the PLATO mainframe system. The game was a rudimentary space flight simulator for up to 32 players, featuring a first-person perspective. Both games were distinct from modern first-person shooters, involving simple tile-based movement where the player could only move from square to square and turn in 90-degree increments. Such games spawned others that used similar visuals to display the player as part of a maze (such as Akalabeth: World of Doom in 1979), and were loosely called "rat's eye view" games, since they gave the appearance of a rat running through a maze. Another crucial early game that influenced first-person shooters was Wayout. It featured the player trying to escape a maze, using ray casting to render the environment, simulating visually how each wall segment would be rendered relative to the player's position and facing angle. This allowed more freeform movement compared to the grid-based and cardinal Maze War and Spasim. Among PLATO games, Witz and Boland's 1977 Futurewar, a dystopian 3D first-person dungeon shooter, has been argued to be the first true FPS. This is due to the combination of a fully perspective-shifting 3D maze with enemies ahead, and what may be the earliest representation of weapons appearing in perspective in front of the player.

A slightly more sophisticated first-person shooting mainframe game was Panther (1975), a tank simulator for the PLATO system. Atari's first-person tank shooter arcade video game Battlezone (1980), modeled closely after PLATO Panther, was released for arcades and presented using a vector graphics display, with the game designed by Ed Rotberg. It is considered to be the first successful first-person shooter video game, making it a milestone for the genre. It was primarily inspired by Atari's top-down arcade shooter game Tank (1974). The original arcade cabinet also employed a periscope viewfinder similar to submarine shooting arcade games such as Midway's video game Sea Wolf (1976) and Sega's electro-mechanical game Periscope (1966). Battlezone became the first successful mass-market game featuring a first-person viewpoint and wireframe 3D graphics, with a version later released for home computers in 1983.

Early first-person shooters: 1987–1992

MIDI Maze, a first-person shooter released in 1987 for the Atari ST, featured maze-based gameplay and character designs similar to Pac-Man, but displayed in a first-person perspective. Later ported to various systems — including the Game Boy and Super NES under the title Faceball 2000 — it featured the first network multiplayer deathmatches, using a MIDI interface. Despite the inconvenience of connecting numerous machines together, it gained a cult following; 1UP.com called it the "first multi-player 3D shooter on a mainstream system" and the first "major LAN action game".

Id Software's Hovertank 3D pioneered ray casting technology in May 1991 to enable faster gameplay than 1980s vehicle simulators; and Catacomb 3-D introduced another advance, texture mapping, in November 1991. The second game to use texture mapping was Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss, a March 1992 action role-playing game by Looking Glass Technologies that featured a first-person viewpoint and an advanced graphics engine. In October 1990, id developer John Romero learned about texture mapping from a phone call to Paul Neurath. Romero described the texture mapping technique to id programmer John Carmack, who remarked, "I can do that.", and would feel motivated by Looking Glass's example to do the same in Catacomb 3-D. Catacomb 3-D also introduced the display of the protagonist's hand and weapon (in this case, magical spells) on the screen, whereas previously aspects of the player's avatar were not visible. The experience of developing Ultima Underworld would make it possible for Looking Glass to create the Thief and System Shock series years later.

Rise in popularity: 1992–1993

From Wolfenstein 3D to Quake, FPS games were all about their game engines. id Software & Raven Software completely dominated the market, with Apogee Software/3D Realms and Epic MegaGames being their main competitors. This technological race, monopoly, and three-ways rivalry started during the Wolfenstein 3D's era from 1992 to 1993.

Although it was not the earliest shooter game with a first-person perspective, Wolfenstein 3D is often credited with establishing the first-person shooter genre and many of its staples.

Wolfenstein 3D was the first episodic FPS game developed by id Software, as a successor to the successful 1980s 2D infiltration video-games Castle Wolfenstein and Beyond Castle Wolfenstein from Muse Software, and published by Apogee Software the 5th of May 1992 in which the player had to explore mazes while battling Nazis to find keys required to unlock doors to reach each floor's exit all while searching every wall for secret areas filled with treasures for a higher score until each episode's last floor's boss and was an instant success because of its first episode's distribution and spread as shareware whereas the second and the third available after registration; and the three last prequel episodes available as a separate mission pack, to the point that it has since been credited for having single-handedly invented the concept of first-person-shooter as a genre of video-games. It was built on John Carmack's ray casting technology already experimented into id's previous games Hovertank One and Catacomb 3D to create a new standard for first-person-shooter video-games widely emulated, improved, and still applied to this day. Tom Hall originally designed it to be a first-person infiltration game including stealth, hiding dead bodies, disguises and alarms, following the legacy of its predecessors, and the game engine does include these original features, however John Romero and John Carmack wanted a simple shooter and Tom Hall had to fight hard to even include the secret areas. Despite its violent themes, Wolfenstein largely escaped the controversy generated by the later Doom, although it was banned from Germany due to the use of Nazi iconography which is a sensitive topic there where Wolfenstein has been forbidden until 2022 and Nintendo too required id Software to remove blood, gore, and all Nazi iconography as well as replace the enemy attack dogs with giant rats to allow it to be released on SNES because of their anti-violence policy. id Software released a map editor to let players create and share online their own home-made maps for the game which started the players' modding communities who blossomed with Doom and maintain their games alive continuously sustaining new content for them. During Doom's development, id Software quickly developed a short extension for Wolfenstein 3D titled Spear of Destiny released the 19th of September 1992 to tease the players with the Hell to come in Doom as Spear of Destiny concluded into Hell, then two years later, Doom 2 included two secret levels featuring Wolfenstein in Hell while re-using Spear of Destiny's Hell final level's music to close the loop.

Ken Silverman decided to develop his own game engine after he played Wolfenstein 3D in 1992. His first game, that he named Walken as in "Ken's Walking simulator", was close to Wolf3D engine. Then he improved his game with his friend Andrew Cotter, added narration to each floor, renamed it Ken's Labyrinth, and released it on Internet as shareware under his brother's company Advanced Systems the 1st of January 1993. The game was about escaping a bizarre dream labyrinth full of people shooting projectiles at the player while projectiles were more balls than bullets, meaning they had limited range and were slow enough to dodge them as opposite to Wolfenstein 3D whose weapons were hitscan firearms, some walls reflected projectiles, killed enemies vanished without any death animation nor remnant body on the floor, and Ken himself voiced the protagonist and filled his game with pictures of himself which hurt the player if they dared to shoot them, which made his game personal. Epic MegaGames, then Wolfenstein 3D's publisher Apogee Software's main competitor, noticed it, saw potential, then signed a commercial agreement with Ken's father, as Ken was still minor. However, the original Advanced Systems' Ken's Labyrinth was made from Ken and Andrew's limited resources to the point that Ken made the sound effects with his mouth, therefore Epic MegaGames made use of their resources to revamp the game, replaced the projectiles balls with bubble gum balls, starbursts which bounced off walls, and homing missiles, while collecting more of the same weapon increased their range and collecting thunderbolts increased the range of all weapons at once, also replaced the original final boss with Ken himself, added diverse monsters, temporary power-ups such as reflecting enemies' projectiles, kill enemies on contact, and invincibility, as well as treasures for buying these power-ups from vending-machines and for paying doors' toll, slot-machines to win coins instead of finding treasures in secret areas, death-traps such as holes in floors which were the only way to get rid of some invulnerable enemies, water fountains which slowly restored health (much like in Duke Nukem 3D three years later), changed the goal from the original's merely escaping the labyrinth to rescue the player's abducted dog Sparky and save the world, added the requirement to have Sparky follow the player to the exit of each floor to be able to reach the next floor, which made the player have to pay attention to another character beside their own, and commercialized Ken's Labyrinth v2 still as shareware the 21st of March 1993. All versions of Ken's Labyrinth got to be source-ported many times and even onto Nintendo Switch by a fan. As soon as id Software showed off some previews of Doom in the middle of its development, Ken Silverman started to develop his own game engine to rival with John Carmack once again, used a thesaurus to search synonyms for the word "construction", and named his new game engine "Build". Apogee Software wanted Build since id Software went their own way and didn't want to license their new Doom engine (yet). Both Epic MegaGames and Apogee Software attempted to contract Ken Silverman who chose Apogee Software which he never explained his reasons however Epic Games expressed no regret since not relying on Ken Silverman motivated them to develop their own technologies, which paid off.

Most shooters in this period were developed for IBM PC compatible computers. On the Macintosh side, Bungie released its first shooter, Pathways into Darkness in August 1993, which featured more adventure and narrative elements alongside first-person shooter gameplay. Pathways had been inspired by Wolfenstein 3D, and born out of an attempt to take their previous top-down dungeon exploration game Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete into a 3D setting.

ShadowCaster, developed by Raven Software and published by Origin Systems the 27th of October 1993, used a heavily modified version of Wolf3D engine made by John Carmack during summer 1992 who offered it to Raven Software after he was impressed with their first RPVG Black Crypt because he was curious about how Raven would use his game engine to make a RPVG instead of a FPSG. ShadowCaster was the first commercial game released with classic "2.5D Doom engine" improvements such as distance fogging, non-orthogonal walls, textured ceilings and floors, etc before Doom itself came out. It introduced some RPG elements into a FPS game engine as well as a customizable HUD, an auto-map, jumping, swimming, flying, shapeshifting with each metamorphosis featuring its own characteristics to adapt to each situation. Then it got enhanced with redbook audio narration, voiced dialogues which replaced the text boxes, two new levels, and 3D rendered cutscenes, then re-released on CD-ROM in 1994. ShadowCaster started a durable close friendship between id Software and Raven Software as id will always share their technologies with Raven who will continuously use and upgrade them.

Apogee Software, the publisher of Wolfenstein 3D, followed up its success and released another FPS game based on its engine titled Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold from another developer Jam Productions 5 December 1993 which featured a sci-fi setting about a British secret agent named Blake Stone pursuing a mad scientist through his facilities like a sci-fi James Bond, a similar Wolf3D's gameplay of exploring mazes while battling various foes to find keycards required to unlock doors to reach each floor's exit all while searching every wall for secret areas filled with treasures for a higher score until each episode's last floor's boss but with a far wider diversity of enemies, and added textured floors and ceilings, switches to find and to press to open new areas, traps, an auto-map, stats tracking, a grenade launcher, limited-use vending-machines, teleporters, enemies spawners, back-tracking to previous levels as well as some friendly NPCs in the form of scientists who would give the player hints and supplies provided the player didn't kill them. The game was initially well-received but sales rapidly declined in the wake of the success of id's Doom, released a week later. It still got a sequel Blake Stone: Planet Strike the 28th of October 1994 which integrated the auto-map into the HUD as a rotating mini-map which revealed secret doors at the cost of consuming auto-mapper charges and added some enemies who camouflaged into the environment or were cloaked to surprise the player though.

Advances in 3D engines: 1993-1997

During the Doom & Quake's era from 1993 to 1997, FPS games were still all about their game engines as original and inovative games were ignored for the only reason that they game engine was outdated, FPS games were simplistic shoot them all without any complex plot however their gameplay started to evolve and the combo id Software & Raven Software still dominated the market while a challenger Captone Software persisted at attempting to be original and compete with them and failed every time for diverse reasons where another challenger LucasArts succeeded and Bungie Software made FPS games featuring a complex plot, the modding communities who sustain life into their games blossomed starting from Doom, 2D sprites were replaced with 3D polygons starting from Descent then Quake and Apogee Software returned on the market as 3D Realms thanks to Ken Silverman and some personality.

Doom, released the 10th of December 1993, refined Wolfenstein 3D's template by adding support for higher resolution, improved textures, variations in height (e.g., stairs and platforms the player's character could climb upon), more intricate level design (Wolfenstein 3D was limited to a grid based system where walls had to be orthogonal to each other, whereas Doom allowed for any inclination) and rudimentary illumination effects such as flickering lights and areas of darkness, creating a far more believable 3D environment than Wolfenstein 3D's levels, all of which had a flat-floor space and corridors. Doom allowed competitive matches between multiple players, termed "deathmatches", and the game was responsible for the word's subsequent entry into the video gaming lexicon. According to creator John Romero, the game's deathmatch concept was inspired by the competitive multiplayer of fighting games such as Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury. Doom became so popular that its multiplayer features began to cause problems for companies whose networks were used to play the game, causing frequent bandwidth reductions. Doom has been considered the most important first-person shooter ever made. It was highly influential not only on subsequent shooter games but on video gaming in general, and has been made available on almost every video gaming system since. Multiplayer gaming, which is now integral to the first-person shooter genre, was first successfully achieved on a large scale by Doom. While its combination of gory violence, dark humor and hellish imagery garnered acclaim from critics, these attributes also generated criticism from religious groups and censorship committees, with many commentators labelling the game a "murder simulator". There was further controversy when it emerged that the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre were fans of the game; the families of several victims later unsuccessfully attempted to sue numerous video game companies - among them id Software - whose work the families claimed inspired the massacre. John Carmack explained how he designed his Doom engine to Ken Silverman that he considered his only equal which inspired Ken who was in the process of developing his Build engine.

Operation Body Count, developed on Wolf3D engine and released by Capstone Software the 1st of January 1994, was Capstone's first FPS game, was all about a terrorist attack on the UNO tower, and was an early attempt at making a tactical FPS game since the player was in command of an anti-terrorist squad that they could order around and even switch to any of their body at any time as long as they were not dead and featured some digitized graphics, transparent textures such as breakable glass, randomization of enemies and items' placement, body armors, booby-traps, and a nearly fully destructible environment since the flamethrower could set people and environments on fire, which could make movement extremely hazardous for the player, especially since the fire randomly spread, and the grenade-launcher too could destroy any wall (with some hard coded exceptions). OBC also featured textured floors and ceilings and an auto-map like Blake Stone however, unlike BS, OBC featured more than one floor texture per level although its floors and ceilings' graphics were partially parallax meaning that they appeared to "warp" as the player moved around. Despite some of its original ideas, it was badly made, the terrorists were stereotypes of Arabian people, the AI was not smart enough to make nor the enemies pose any challenge nor the squad's teammates be actually useful, and being based on Wolf3D engine after Doom was released made it already technologically outdated and "doomed" from the start as opposite to Blake Stone which did enjoy one week of glory before Doom was released. OBC still got to be source-ported into GZDoom and remastered by its modding community eventually though.

Corridor 7: Alien Invasion, developed and published by Capstone Software the 1st of March 1994, was their second attempt to make a FPS game. Still based on Wolf3D engine, the plot reminds strikingly of Half-Life's, four years later, since it was about scientific experiments with gamma beam on an alien artifact brought from Mars by a team of American scientists which opened a portal and connected Earth to another world from which an alien invasion started into the research facility. Corridor 7 added animated textures such as computer screens, distant shading which darkened distant areas to limit the player's sight's distance, dark areas and night vision mode to see into them, some invisible aliens and traps which could only be seen through infrared vision mode, some energy stations to recharge the visor's battery, some aliens who camouflaged into the environments (like Blake Stone: Planet Strike released half a year later), screen jumpscares whenever the player was idle for 10 seconds, body armors, limited-use healing chambers, force fields which hurt the player if they walked into them, mines to trap corridors, maps of the floors, and replaced keys with security computer screens which unlocked all doors of the same color within the floor whereas some computers were traps which triggered an alarm which attracted nearby enemies to the player. Capstone Software released Corridor 7 first as floppy disks, then as a CD-ROM the 6th of May 1995 which featured a different soundtrack, randomization of placements within floors, and added 10 more levels into the alien homeworld with new weapons and alien types along with multiplayer in the form of up to 12 players' deathmatch and team deathmatch modes (believed to be the first FPS game to allow that many players) and 8 additional maps made specially for it. In deathmatch, the player could choose among 12 of the game's characters both humans and aliens who had different speed and health stats, however all characters used the same weapons though. Corridor 7 was a significant improvement after Capstone's previous FPS game Operation Body Count (read above), the atmosphere was gripping, the aliens were more appreciated than the stereotypes of Arabian people, the AI was improved with some enemies patrolling routes and some others camouflaging into environments or being invisible and not attacking until the player was close enough to ambush them, providing an actual challenge to players, and the game was considerably more evolved than Wolfenstein 3D and Blake Stone, however it was still based on the then outdated Wolf3D engine after Doom was released and therefore was "doomed" from the start too even if it did better than its predecessor, it was still not technologically on par with Doom and Capstone moved onto another new game engine after this game. Still, Corridor 7 was so appreciated that it got to be source-ported only five years after its original release into the Doomsday engine and completely remastered by its modding community.

The 12th of March 1994, the Japanese company Exact released Geograph Seal for the Sharp X68000 home computer. An obscure import title as far as the Western market is concerned, it was nonetheless an early example of a 3D polygonal first-person shooter, with innovative platform game mechanics and free-roaming outdoor environments.

CyClones was begun in February 1994 and published by Raven Software the 1st of November 1994, marking the beginning of a new period for Raven who split into two groups: One which worked with id's new DOOM engine to create Mage, a fantasy action game, which would eventually evolve into the game Heretic. The other team started on a project that was to use the engine from ShadowCaster to create a futuristic missions-based FPS game called CyClones. The name referred to Cybernetic Clones, the minions of aliens who had ravaged and devastated Earth. The game was in first person 3D, as was most other Raven games, so reusing the ShadowCaster engine and its tools was a natural choice. But within a short time, the team found that they wanted to do more with the game and engine than they had done before. A new, 100% in-house engine was created that could handle moving platforms, catwalks, sloped areas, and transparent textures. The engine, by Carl Stika, was nicknamed STEAM. A small budget was granted for full-motion video sequences to be created for the game, to be presented between missions as briefings. CyClones allowed to use the mouse to aim without moving, as opposite to other FPS games from the time which bound the mouse to both aiming and moving simultaneously, and without turning either, as the crosshair was not fixed at the center of the screen on which it could move freely as opposite to nowadays standard fixed aiming, CyClones's aiming was comparable to Metroid Prime's years later. CyClones used the mouse not only for aiming but also for picking up objects and interacting with the environment such as doors and switches and even revealed secret doors since the crosshair changed color upon pointing a secret door. It also included vertical aiming, jumping, various missions objectives as well as one of the first training modes in a FPS game.

Apogee Software's Rise of the Triad: Dark War, released the 21th of December 1994, began as a sequel to Wolfenstein 3D, but was soon altered and became a stand-alone game . The game included "ludicrous" gibs, bullet holes persisted, and sheets of glass could be shattered by shooting or running through them.

Bungie Software released the sci-fi FPS game Marathon the 21th of December 1994 still exclusively on Mac, which streamlined concepts from their previous game Pathways Into Darkness by eliminating role-playing elements in favor of the shooter action spurred by Doom's success. Marathon was highly successful, leading to two sequels Marathon 2: Durandal released the 24th of November 1995 then Marathon: Infinity released the 15th of October 1996 to form the Marathon Trilogy, and becoming the standard for FPS games on Mac which pioneered or was an early adopter of several new gameplay features such as default freelook, ammo clips and weapons reloading though not manually, forcing the player to keep an eye on their ammo clips to anticipate the next reloading, dual-wielded and dual-function weapons, a motion sensor to detect both enemies and allies in the area, gravity alterations, swimming, interactive environments such as healing stations, oxygen stations, save points, teleporters, many computer terminals spread all around the levels as plot devices which provided messages, informations, various objectives and maps to the player's character as well as friendly defense drones and non-player characters (NPCs), versatile multiplayer modes (such as King of the Hill, Kill the Man with the Ball, and cooperative campaign) and a map editor for players to create and share their own maps for the games. The Marathon games also had a strong emphasis on storytelling in addition to the action, which revolved around evolving relationships between the human player's character and some AIs during a surprise invasion and subsequent war against a hostile alien Empire which already conquered and enslaved some other alien species, much like Bungie's future projects such as the Halo and Destiny series which took a lot from the Marathon trilogy which is no more exclusive to Mac since Bungie Software open-sourced it in 2000 then released the original trilogy as freeware in 2005, some fans have source-ported it to Windows and Linux as well as remastered them using the open-source engine Aleph One and have even been developing many new scenarios, total conversions, and multiplayer maps sustaining a still active community. Many sci-fi games both from Bungie themselves and from other studios have cited the Marathon trilogy as a huge influence on their stories and settings such as the series Halo, Destiny, Mass Effect and Warframe.

After having provided a modified Wolfenstein 3D engine to Raven Software for ShadowCaster and being impressed by the final result, id Software requested that Raven develop a medieval-themed/dark fantasy game using a modified version of id's Doom engine. Raven considered themselves as typical D&D fans and initially drafted the game with role-playing elements. They then took instruction from id programmer John Carmack to simply "do it like Doom, and add the fantasy flavor." Raven Software then used and upgraded the Doom engine and released Heretic the 23th of December 1994 which introduced larger maps, vertical aiming, flying, gibs, randomized ambient sound effects, interactive environments such as rushing water and winds which push the player along, an inventory system to store and select many different items which range from health potions to the "morph ovum" which transforms enemies into chickens and one of the most notable item that can be found is the "Tome of Power" which acts as a secondary firing mode for certain weapons, resulting in a much more powerful projectile for each weapon, some of which change the look of the projectile entirely, then Raven added two more episodes and re-released it as Heretic: Shadow of the Serpent Riders the 31st of March 1996.

Super 3D Noah's Ark, developed on Wolf3D engine and published by the christian video-games company Wisdom Tree (formerly named Color Dreams) the 1st of January 1995, was the first non-violent FPS game along with being the first religious FPS game (Doom was already based on christian mythology as well since the enemy was christian's Hell however unlike Super 3D Noah's Ark, it merely used it as a setting and didn't attempt to teach religion) which featured Noah from Abrahamic mythology's Noah's Ark as the protagonist and re-used Wolfenstein 3D's gameplay and level-design while replacing enemies' death animations by seemingly friendly animals falling asleep upon being hit by the player's weapon which was a slingshot shooting food to feed the unresting hungry animals aboard goats filled Noah's Ark made of the recycled original maps from Wolfenstein 3D including the same items' placements and even the SNES version was itself a mere reskin from Wolfenstein 3D's SNES version as well however the PC version did upgrade some things upon Wolfenstein 3D such as textured floors (like Blake Stone) along with higher resolutions graphics and MIDI music, and added a new gameplay feature such as quizzes which tested the player's religious knowledge whose rewards were more ammo to keep playing the game along with some score's points. This is not what Wisdom Tree had originally designed though, since they originally designed a FPS game based on the horror movies Hellraiser themselves adapted from Clive Barker's novels, until they realized that this was in contradiction with their christian social image then designed Super 3D Noah's Ark instead. A popular rumor has it that Wolf3D engine was given to Wisdom Tree by id Software as a kind of "revenge" against Nintendo for all the censorship that Wolfenstein 3D had to go through to be on the Super Nintendo. However, there's no proof of this, and Wisdom Tree bought a license for the game engine like everybody else instead of having it "given" to them. The SNES version was not licensed by Nintendo and therefore couldn't be played on a SNES by itself which is why the SNES game cartridge was actually an adapter cartridge which required another licensed SNES game cartridge to be inserted into it in order to get Super 3D Noah's Ark to work despite being unlicensed.

Star Wars: Dark Forces was released the 6th of February 1995 after LucasArts decided Star Wars would make appropriate material for a game in the style of Doom. However, Star Wars: Dark Forces improved on several technical features that Doom lacked, such as the ability to crouch, jump, or look and aim up and down. Dark Forces also was one of the first games to incorporate 3D-designed objects rendered into the game's 2.5D graphics engine. The game's success launched the Star Wars: Jedi Knight series, beginning with the direct sequel Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II the 9th of October 1997.

Descent (released by Parallax Software the 17th of March 1995), a game in which the player pilots a spacecraft around caves and factory ducts, was among the earliest truly three-dimensional first-person shooters. It abandoned sprites and ray casting in favour of polygonal models and allowed movement through all of the six possible degrees of freedom.

The 28th of April 1995, the Japanese company Exact released the successor to Geograph Seal for the PlayStation console, called Jumping Flash!, which placed more emphasis on its platform elements.

Witchaven, developed by Capstone Software and published by their parent company IntraCorp the 20th of September 1995, was the first commercial game licensed on Apogee Software rebranded 3D Realms' Ken Silverman's new Build engine to rival id Software's John Carmack's Doom engine and was a medieval fantasy First Person Slasher game as in a melee-focused FPS game, reminiscent of Raven Software's Heretic including an inventory system, both a single-player campaign and multiplayer, but far harder as it was far more tactical, making use of environmental hazards such as magma and traps against enemies, while implementing more of a RPG gameplay such as weapons' durability which broke after many uses, requiring the player to find other weapons and save the strongest weapons for the strongest foes, evolving stats from earned experience where each level up unlocked new spells and abilities such as lockpicking in the form of an unlocking spell as well as dual wielding some weapons. The campaign involved a knight on an epic quest to defeat a witch who cast a curse of never-ending darkness onto his land. In order to complete this quest, he had to battle hordes of minions with both medieval weapons and magical spells to reach the witch on her volcanic island. It featured digitized graphics, however the characters made of clay didn't appeal to everyone and the environments were empty, as well as adjustable level of gore, the same Corridor 7's trick to spawn a screen jumpscare whenever the player is idle, and it is known for game logic issues, dumb AI, hazardous map triggers and game physics that cause slippery player movement, sudden deaths, and faulty hit detection. That didn't stop an original fan of the game to eventually name his black metal band after it. Witchaven was open-sourced in 2006 then source-ported into JFBuild by JonoF and into BuildGDX by its community which fixed most of its original issues in 2018.

William Shatner's TekWar, developed by Capstone Software and published by SoftKey Multimedia Inc. the 30th of September 1995, barely ten days after Witchaven (read above), was the second commercial game licensed on Apogee Software rebranded 3D Realms' Ken Silverman's new Build engine to rival id Software's John Carmack's Doom engine and was a FPS game adapted from William Shatner's TekWar novels and TV series who personally contributed to the video-game to the point of live-acting the player's boss during briefings and debriefings. William Shatner's TekWar, both novels, TV series and video-game, is a sci-fi story revolving around a neural drug named Tek and the Matrix, a virtual reality (four years before the first Matrix movie). The video-game featured FMVs, digitized live-actors and actresses, a stun gun to neutralize people in a non-lethal fashion, and gibs and dropped the player into a lively open-world future Los Angeles, making it the first FPS game which featured an open-world modern city, full of civilians, cops and enemies where civilians panicked if the player drew a weapon who they begged to not shoot while holding their hands up and ran away for their life whereas cops drew their gun onto the player and ordered him to drop their weapon and enemies shot him on sight from everywhere without the cops ever reacting whereas they shot the player if he dared to shoot back at the enemies, which is the main issue with this game: everyone is allowed to shoot you but you are not allowed to shoot anyone. Some civilians were actually kamikaze androids who self-destructed when close to the player, taking them into their explosion. Half of the game also took place into the Matrix. William Shatner's TekWar was the worst of Capstone's FPS games however it still got to be source-ported into BuildGDX.

Raven Software upgraded the Doom engine further and released Hexen: Beyond Heretic the 30th of October 1995 which added jumping, more immersive environments with effects such as swirling leaves or scattering bats upon the player's approach, weather effects, some destructible objects, scripted environmental changes such as earthquakes, different character classes to allow different playstyles as well as interconnected maps through hub maps instead of the standard linear succession of maps which granted a taste of open-world in a FPS game.

Apogee Software, then renamed 3D Realms, followed up with Duke Nukem 3D (sequel to the earlier platformers Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II), released as shareware the 29th of January 1996, which ran on the then new Build engine developed by Ken Silverman with the support of John Carmack. Duke Nukem 3D won acclaim for its humour based around stereotyped machismo as well as its adrenalinic gameplay and graphics. However, some found the game's (and later the whole series') treatment of women to be derogatory and tasteless.

Witchaven 2: Мститель крови , разработанная Capstone Software и опубликованная их материнской компанией IntraCorp 6 мая 1996 года, был продолжением первого Witchaven , который установил рыцаря из первой игры на еще более опасное стремление спасти принцессу, похищенную сестрой ведьмы , ищущей мести, все еще лицензированные на 3D Railms , двигателе он добавил оружие двойное владеть щитом на месте второго оружия, а также редактора карт, чтобы позволить игрокам создавать и делиться своими картами , Однако Capstone не исправил проблемы первой игры И это была их последняя игра, прежде чем вымерли, поскольку они разрабатывали продолжение на основе сборки в их предыдущем на основе Wolf3D игровом коридоре , когда их материнская компания IntraCorp обанкротилась . Witchaven 2 был открыт в 2006 году, а затем в Buildgdx, который был введен в BuildGDX, которое исправило большую часть своих первоначальных проблем в 2018 году.

Раздор , разработанная Rogue Entertainment и опубликованная Velocity Inc. 15 мая 1996 года, Была последняя коммерческая игра, которая использовала и модифицировала двигатель Doom , прежде чем ID выпустил новый Quake Engine в следующем месяце и он ввел некоторые функции RPVG в стандартную формулу FPS, такую ​​как настоящий живой открытый мир, заполненный NPC , диалоги с выбором ответов, некоторые из них были даже озвучены, торговля, подкрепление, которые участвуют в бое Необязательные квесты, эволюция персонажа его способностей, интригующий сюжет разворачивается на разные маршруты и выводы в соответствии с выбором и действиями игрока, некоторых сжигательных эффектов, а также некоторых инфильтрационных игровых процессов, таких как скрытность, маскировка и тревога. Сюжет происходит в средневековом мире, пораженном кометой , которая выпустила вирус , который уничтожил почти всю жизнь на планете и испортил большинство оставшихся людей, которые создали высокотехнологичный теократический новый мировой порядок, известный как «Порядок», тогда как Немногие оставшиеся свободные люди, организованные подземным сопротивлением, известным как «Фронт», и игрок является неназванным наемником (иногда называемым страшной), которая присоединяется к фронту, чтобы бороться с угнетающим правлением ордена, в то время как ей удаленно помогают радиопередача Прозвище Blackbird, который иногда комментирует с юмором ситуации, с которыми сталкивается игрок. Однако, несмотря на все свои инновации, Strife осталась относительно незамеченной, потому что она была выпущена прямо между двумя другими чрезвычайно популярными играми Duke Nukem 3D и Quake , которые к тому времени сделали двигатель Doom уже устаревшим. Тем не менее, игроки, которые обнаружили его через много лет после того, как его первоначальный выпуск оценил его оригинальность за свое время и даже сравнили его с Deus Ex и Marathon . посвященные Модинг сообщества, источнику, в GZDoom для обновления и обновления ее от оригинальной версии до современных стандартов.

Вскоре после выпуска Duke Nukem 3D программное обеспечение ID выпустило долгожданное землетрясение 22 июня 1996 года. Как и Doom , Quake был влиятельным и определяющим жанром, с быстрым, кровавым игровым процессом, в полностью трехмерной игрной среде и использованием визуализированных полигональных моделей в реальном времени вместо спрайтов. Он был сосредоточен на онлайн-играх и представлял собой несколько типов матчей, которые все еще находятся в играх с от первого лица сегодня. Это была первая игра FPS, получившая культ кланов игроков (хотя концепция существовала ранее в Mechwarrior 2 , NetMech и события , с его знаниями Battletech , а также среди Mud Players), и вдохновит популярные вечеринки такие как, как Quakecon . Популярность игры и использование 3D полигональной графики также помогла расширить растущий рынок аппаратного обеспечения видеокарты ; И дополнительная поддержка и поддержка для модификаций игр привлекли игроков, которые хотели возиться с игрой и создать свои собственные модули. По словам создателя Джона Ромеро, Quake 3D -мир был вдохновлен 3D -боевой игрой Virtua Fighter . Звук также предназначался для расширения жанра с помощью виртуа -борца, оказавшего влияние ближнего боя , но этот элемент в конечном итоге был отменен из финальной игры.

Теневой воин , разработанный и опубликованный 3D -сферами 13 мая 1997 года, введены 3D-вокселей вместо 2D спрайтов для оружия и инвентаризации, а также режим вторичного стрельбы с оружием, поднимаемые лестницы, настоящие ситуации в комнате за комнатой , прозрачная вода, некоторые транспортные средства для вождения и совершенно новый азиатский герой по имени Ло Ванг в Совершенно новая азиатская обстановка, в отличие от его предшественника Дьюка Нукема 3D, акцентной атмосферы и теневого воина, так же, как его предшественник, преднамеренно незрелый и политически неверный юмор, а также главного героя, который доставляет регулярные однострочные, комментируя ситуацию под рукой, а также главный герой, который доставляет регулярные однострочные , комментируя ситуацию под рукой. Полем Большая часть юмора получена из чрезмерных стереотипных изображений азиатской культуры .

Онлайн и консольные игры: 1997-2020

Основываясь на Джеймса Бонда фильме , Rare Goldeneye 007 был выпущен в 1997 году, и по состоянию на 2004 год это была самая продаваемая игра Nintendo 64 в Соединенных Штатах. Это был первый знаменательный стрелок от первого лица для консольных геймеров и был очень признан своей атмосферной кампанией для однопользовательских игр и хорошо разработанных многопользовательских карт. В нем была снайперская винтовка , возможность выполнять снимки головы и включение элементов стелса (Все эти аспекты также были включены в духовное продолжение игры, Perfect Dark ), а также некоторые функции, вдохновленные Virtua Cop, такие как перезагрузка оружия, анимация реакции на попадание в зависимости от положения, штрафы за убийство невинных и вновь спроектированную систему прицели позволил игрокам стремиться к точному месту на экране.

Хотя Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six начал популярную тенденцию тактических стрелков от первого лица, в 1998 году была популярная тенденция тактических стрелков от первого лица. В нем представлены командный, реалистичный дизайн и темы, основанные на борьбе с терроризмом , требующими миссий, которые должны быть запланированы до выполнения и В нем один удар иногда был достаточно, чтобы убить персонажа. Почетная медаль , опубликованная в 1999 году, родила долгое проживание имитативных стрелков от первого лица, установленных во время Второй мировой войны.

Valve Период жизни был выпущен в 1998 году, основанный на Quake . графической технологии Первоначально встретился с лишь легким ожиданием, он стал коммерческим успехом. В то время как большинство предыдущих стрелков от первого лица на платформе IBM-ПК были сосредоточены на висцеральном игровом процессе с относительно слабыми или неактуальными сюжетами, полураспада уделяется гораздо большим вниманием на сильном повествовании; В игре не было сцены , но все время оставалось в перспективе от первого лица. Он извлекал выгоду из выгоды от концепций персонажей, не являющихся энмии (ранее показанных во многих других названиях, таких как серия марафона и раздоры ) и более широкая внутриигровая интерактивность (как впервые представлено такими, как Duke Nukem 3D и System Shock ), но не использовал борьбы в традиционном смысле, Сделать для несколько более правдоподобного общего опыта. Игра была высоко оценена за его искусственный интеллект , выбор оружия и внимание к деталям и «с тех пор была признана одной из величайших игр всех времен», согласно Gamespot. Его продолжение, Half-Life 2 (выпущено в 2004 году), было менее влиятельным, хотя «, возможно, более впечатляющей игрой».

Starsiege: Tribes , также выпущенные в 1998 году, был многопользовательским онлайн -шутером, позволяющим более 32 игрокам за один матч. В нем участвовали командный игровой процесс с различными специализированными ролями и необычной функцией Jet Pack . Игра была очень популярна, а затем подражала многим другим названиям, таким как серия Battlefield . ID Quake III Arena Epic и Unreal Tournament , выпущенные в 1999 году, стали настоящими вехами для многопользовательских игр благодаря их невероятной графике и бешеной, но доступным и идеально сбалансированным онлайн -режимам; С другой стороны, в обеих играх была представлена ​​только очень ограниченная кампания с одним игроком, предназначенную для более «одноразового» аркадного подхода. Counter-Strike также был выпущен в 1999 году, полураспада модификация с темой контртерроризма, скопированной из Rainbow Six . Игра и более поздняя версия Counter-Strike: Source (2004) стала самой популярной многопользовательской модификацией игры, когда более 90 000 игроков соревновались в Интернете, одновременно во время своего пика.

На игровом шоу E3 в 1999 году Bungie представила стратегическую игру в реальном времени под названием Halo ; AKA Halo CE В следующем E3 была отображена капитальная версия стрелка от третьего лица . В 2000 году Bungie была куплена Microsoft . Затем Halo был обновлен и выпущен в качестве шутера от первого лица; Это был один из названий запуска для консоли Xbox . Это был безудержный критический и коммерческий успех и считается главным шутером первого лица. Бунги В нем показали повествование и сюжетную линию, напоминающие о предыдущей серии марафона , но теперь в основном рассказали в игровом диалоге и сценах. Он также получил признание за своих персонажей, как главного героя, мастера начальника , так и своих инопланетных антагонистов . Продолжение, Halo 2 (2004), привнесло популярность онлайн -игр на консольный рынок через Xbox Live , в которой она была самой игрой в течение почти двух лет.

Deus Ex , выпущенный Ion Storm в 2000 году, показал систему выравнивания, аналогичную той, которая найдена в ролевых играх; У него также было несколько рассказов в зависимости от того, как игрок завершил миссии и выиграл признание за его серьезный, художественный стиль. Resident Evil Games Оставшиеся в живых в 2000 году и Dead Aim в 2003 году попытались объединить жанры стрельбы из легкого пистолета и стрелка от первого лица, а также элементы ужасов выживания . Metroid Prime , выпущенный в 2002 году для GameCube , высоко оцененного шутера от первого лица, включал элементы приключений Action Advent , такие как прыжки с головоломки и построенный на Metroid серии 2D с боковой прокруткой -приключений . Сделав «массовый шаг вперед для игр от первого лица», игра подчеркнула свои элементы приключений, а не стрельбу, и его приписывали журналист Крис Колер с «разрывом жанра, свободного от сцепления гибели ».

Усилия по разработке ранних портативных видеоигр с трехмерной графикой в ​​конечном итоге привели к рассвету амбициозных ручных игр от первого лица, начиная с двух портов Game Boy Advance of Back Track и Doom вскоре после того, как система была запущена в 2001 году. GBA в конечном итоге увидел выпуск нескольких игр с шутером от первого лица, специально предназначенных для него, в том числе Duke Nukem Advance , Ecks vs. Sever и Dark Arena , причем значительное количество их хвалят за то, что он подтолкнул оборудование до предела, обеспечивая удовлетворительный геймпл. Полем Несмотря на свой важный прием, они продемонстрировали бы жизнеспособность стрелков от первого лица на портативных устройствах, что стало более очевидным с новыми технологическими достижениями, которые сопровождали будущие портативные системы.

Вторая мировая война онлайн , выпущенная в 2001 году, показала постоянную и «огромную многопользовательскую среду», хотя IGN сказал, что «полная реализация этой среды, вероятно, еще через несколько лет». Battlefield 1942 , еще один стрелок Второй мировой войны, выпущенный в 2002 году, включал крупномасштабные сражения, включающие самолеты, военно -морские суда, сухопутные транспортные средства и пехотные бои. В 2003 году Planetside позволила сотням игроков одновременно конкурировать в постоянном мире, и был также повышен как «первый в мире массово многопользовательский онлайн -шутер от первого лица». Серьезная серия SAM , впервые выпущенная в 2001 году, и Painkiller , выпущенная в 2004 году, оба подчеркнули боевые волны врагов на больших открытых аренах, пытаясь вернуться к корням жанра.

Doom 3 , выпущенный в 2004 году, уделял больше внимания ужасам и пугающим игрока, чем в предыдущих играх в серии, и был признанным критиками бестселлером, бестселлером, Хотя некоторые комментаторы считали, что в этом не хватало игрового вещества и инноваций, уделяя слишком много внимания впечатляющей графике. В 2005 году фильм, основанный на гибели, включал последовательность, которая подражала точке зрения и действию шутера от первого лица, но был критически высмеял как преднамеренно неразумный и безвозмездный жестокий. В 2005 году страх был признан Для успешного объединения игрового процесса шутера от первого лица с японской атмосферой ужасов . Позже, в 2007 году, Irrational Games получит Bioshock признание некоторыми комментаторами как лучшая игра этого года для его инноваций в артистичности, повествовании и дизайне, С некоторыми называет это « духовным преемником » к более раннему системному шоку Irration 2 .

Наконец, Crytek Games Far Cry (2004) и Crysis а также Ubisoft (2007) , Far Cry 2 (2008) разорвут новые основания с точки зрения графики и крупного открытого уровня, дизайна, Принимая во внимание, что Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare (2007), сопротивление: Fall of Man (2006) и его продолжение сопротивления 2 (2008) представляли все более утонченные линейные уровни и повествования, с быстрым темпом и линейностью игр Call of Duty , имеющих сходство с рельсовыми стрелками. Черный в 2006 году считался лидером в кинематографическом дизайне, с сильным звуковым дизайном и разрушаемыми средами. В 2007 году Портал популяризировал концепцию механики головоломки в перспективе от первого лица. В 2006 году Gamasutra сообщила, что шутер от первого лица как один из самых больших и быстрорастущих жанров видеоигр с точки зрения доходов для издателей.

Team Fortress 2 , первоначально производимый пользовательский мод для Quake , но сделал официальный продукт Bry Valve по его выпуску в 2007 году, запустил новый тип командного поджанра под названием Hero Shooters , который состоят из стрелков от первого лица и третьего лица. Там, где игроки выбираются из одного из нескольких готовых персонажей с существующим оружием и навыками, используя эти разные персонажи для выполнения целей против своих противников. Жанр шутера героя имел значительный рост после выпуска Overwatch , в которой усовершенствовал формулу шутера героя, добавив уникальных персонажей и более крупное повествование, поскольку они расширили игру в будущих обновлениях.

Использование игровых контроллеров, определяющих движение ,-в частности, Wii- «обещал сделать FPS контроль более доступными и точными с интерфейсом, таким же простым, как буквально указывать на цель» и, таким образом, «резко изменяет шутер от первого лица». Тем не менее, технические трудности, относящиеся к функциям, отличным от прицеливания, таких как маневрирование или перезагрузка, предотвращали их широкое использование среди стрелков от первого лица. Пользовательский интерфейс Pointman объединяет чувствительный к движению геймпад, трекер для головы и педали скольжения, чтобы повысить точность и уровень контроля над своим аватаром В военных играх шутера от первого лица.

2011 стрелок Xonotic

х годов стрелки от первого лица и третьего лица получили популярность в росте Battle The Battle Royal В конце 2010 - Combat и Playerunknown's Battlegres (2017) достигли наибольшего количества параллельных игроков, когда -либо записанных в Steam . Его бесплатная версия мобильной игры , PubG Mobile (2018), достигла более 1 миллиарда загрузок по всему миру к началу 2021 года. и собрал более 8 миллиардов долларов к началу 2022 года.

Восстание технологии VR: 2020 - предложение

По мере развития технологий виртуальной реальности (VR), игры FPS разрабатываются рядом с различными игровыми платформами VR . Новые иммерсивные 3D-среды, использующие гарнитуры VR и контроллеры движения, обеспечивают некоторые совершенно уникальные впечатления и механики для игр FPS, такие как физически уклонение / уклонение, точный контроль для броска объектов и индивидуальное управление пальцами, повышение интерактивности с помощью игр и других Объекты в окружающей среде. VR -игры, естественно, больше внимания уделяют пространственному присутствию игроков и самой 3D среде, а не на реальной задаче / конкурентоспособности игры, который также распространяется на стрелков от первого лица, особенно в поджанре ужасов. Желебный период полураспада , выпущенный в 2020 году, на сегодняшний день (2023) является самым кассовым шутером от первого лица виртуальной реальности и обычно считается первым титулом AAA в VR. Несмотря на то, что на арене виртуальной реальности есть много шумихи, она все еще является новой технологией, и она еще предстоит определить, станут ли титулы VR FPS основной конкуренции или как эти платформы будут влиять на жанр в будущем.

Исследовать

В 2010 году исследователи из Университета Лейдена показали, что игра в видеоигры шутера от первого лица связана с превосходной умственной гибкостью. По сравнению с не игроками, игрокам таких игр требуется значительно более короткое время реакции при переключении между сложными задачами, возможно, потому, что они необходимы для разработки более отзывчивого мышления для быстрого реагирования на быстро движущихся визуальных и слуховых стимулов, а также для Сдвиньтесь взад и вперед между разными подмонтатами.

Смотрите также

• Стрелок от первого лица
• Список стрелков от первого лица
• Социальное взаимодействие и стрелки от первого лица
• Насилие и видеоигры