Mercurian: 414 craters (7.9%) Lunar: 1,624 craters (31.1%) Martian: 1,092 craters (20.9%) Venusian: 900 craters (17.2%) Others: 1,198 craters (22.9%)This is a list of named craters on Mercury , the innermost planet of the Solar System (for other features, see list of geological features on Mercury ) .[2] Most Mercurian craters are named after famous writers, artists and composers. According to the rules by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature , all new craters must be named after an artist that was famous for more than fifty years, and dead for more than three years, before the date they are named.[6] Craters larger than 250 km in diameter are referred to as "basins" (also see § Terminology ) .[7] [8]
As of 2021, there are 414 named Mercurian craters,[2] a small fraction of the total number of named Solar System craters, most of which are lunar , Martian and Venerian craters.[3] [4] [5] [a]
Other, non-planetary bodies with numerous named craters include Callisto (141 ), Ganymede (131 ), Rhea (128), Vesta (90), Ceres (90), Dione (73), Iapetus (58), Enceladus (53), Tethys (50) and Europa (41 ). For a full list, see List of craters in the Solar System .
Map of named mercury craters Eponym Ref Abedin 61°44′N 10°40′W / 61.73°N 10.66°W / 61.73; -10.66 (Abedin ) 116.23 2009 Zainul Abedin , Bangladeshi painterWGPSN Abu Nuwas 17°38′N 21°11′W / 17.63°N 21.19°W / 17.63; -21.19 (Abu Nuwas ) 117 1976 Abu Nuwas , Arabic poetWGPSN Africanus Horton 50°58′S 41°11′W / 50.96°S 41.19°W / -50.96; -41.19 (Africanus Horton ) 140 1976 Africanus Horton , Sierra Leonean writerWGPSN Ahmad Baba 58°20′N 128°21′W / 58.33°N 128.35°W / 58.33; -128.35 (Ahmad Baba ) 126 1979 Ahmad Baba al Massufi , West African writerWGPSN Ailey 45°35′N 177°55′E / 45.58°N 177.92°E / 45.58; 177.92 (Ailey ) 23 2012 Alvin Ailey , American choreographerWGPSN Aksakov 34°43′N 78°44′W / 34.71°N 78.74°W / 34.71; -78.74 (Aksakov ) 174 2012 Sergey Aksakov , Russian authorWGPSN Akutagawa 48°15′N 141°05′W / 48.25°N 141.09°W / 48.25; -141.09 (Akutagawa ) 106 2015 Ryūnosuke Akutagawa , Japanese writerWGPSN Al-Akhtal 59°23′N 99°43′W / 59.38°N 99.71°W / 59.38; -99.71 (Al-Akhtal ) 94.29 1985 Akhtal , Arab poetWGPSN Alencar 63°38′S 103°47′W / 63.64°S 103.78°W / -63.64; -103.78 (Alencar ) 106 1979 José de Alencar , Brazilian novelistWGPSN Al-Hamadhani 39°11′N 91°46′W / 39.19°N 91.76°W / 39.19; -91.76 (Al-Hamadhani ) 164 1979 Badi' az-Zaman al-Hamadhani , Arab writerWGPSN Al-Jāhiz 1°22′N 21°46′W / 1.36°N 21.76°W / 1.36; -21.76 (Al-Jāhiz ) 83 1976 Al-Jahiz , Arab authorWGPSN Alver 66°58′S 77°15′E / 66.97°S 77.25°E / -66.97; 77.25 (Alver ) 151 2013 Betti Alver , Estonian poetWGPSN Amaral 26°29′S 117°49′E / 26.49°S 117.82°E / -26.49; 117.82 (Amaral ) 105 2008 Tarsila do Amaral , Brazilian artistWGPSN Amru Al-Qays 12°26′N 176°07′W / 12.43°N 176.11°W / 12.43; -176.11 (Amru Al-Qays ) 47 1976 Imru Al-Qays Ibn Hujr , Arabic poetWGPSN Andal 47°31′S 37°43′W / 47.52°S 37.71°W / -47.52; -37.71 (Andal ) 109 1976 Aandaal , Tamil writerWGPSN Aneirin 27°28′S 2°41′W / 27.47°S 2.68°W / -27.47; -2.68 (Aneirin ) 467 2014 Aneirin , Welsh poet (6th century)WGPSN Angelou 80°19′N 66°43′W / 80.32°N 66.71°W / 80.32; -66.71 (Angelou ) 18 2019 Maya Angelou , American author and poetWGPSN Anguissola 80°41′N 217°21′W / 80.69°N 217.35°W / 80.69; -217.35 (Anguissola ) 35 2017 Sofonisba Anguissola , Italian painterWGPSN Anyte 79°30′N 210°40′W / 79.5°N 210.67°W / 79.5; -210.67 (Anyte ) 20 2017 Anyte of Tegea , Greek poetWGPSN Apollodorus 30°32′N 163°17′E / 30.54°N 163.28°E / 30.54; 163.28 (Apollodorus ) 41 2008 Apollodorus of Damascus , Ancient Greek architectWGPSN Aristoxenus 83°56′N 17°28′W / 83.93°N 17.46°W / 83.93; -17.46 (Aristoxenus ) 52 1979 Aristoxenus , Ancient Greek writerWGPSN Aśvaghoṣa 10°37′N 21°29′W / 10.61°N 21.49°W / 10.61; -21.49 (Aśvaghoṣa ) 88 1976 Aśvaghoṣa , Sanskrit , poetWGPSN Atget 25°34′N 166°23′E / 25.57°N 166.38°E / 25.57; 166.38 (Atget ) 100 2008 Eugène Atget , French photographerWGPSN
Eponym Ref Bach 69°52′S 103°01′W / 69.86°S 103.01°W / -69.86; -103.01 (Bach ) 214.29 1976 Johann Sebastian Bach , German composerWGPSN Bagryana 3°53′S 283°44′W / 3.89°S 283.73°W / -3.89; -283.73 (Bagryana ) 101 2015 Elisaveta Bagryana , Bulgarian poetWGPSN Balagtas 22°34′S 13°54′W / 22.56°S 13.9°W / -22.56; -13.9 (Balagtas ) 104 1976 Francisco Balagtas , Filipino poetWGPSN Balanchine 38°28′N 175°31′E / 38.47°N 175.52°E / 38.47; 175.52 (Balanchine ) 38 2012 George Balanchine , Georgian choreographerWGPSN Baranauskas 50°44′N 39°46′W / 50.73°N 39.76°W / 50.73; -39.76 (Baranauskas ) 36 2015 Antanas Baranauskas , Lithuanian poetWGPSN Barney 11°41′S 59°43′E / 11.69°S 59.71°E / -11.69; 59.71 (Barney ) 29 2013 Natalie Clifford Barney , American-French playwright, poet, and novelistWGPSN Balzac 10°37′N 144°40′W / 10.62°N 144.67°W / 10.62; -144.67 (Balzac ) 67 1976 Honoré de Balzac , French writerWGPSN Bartók 29°13′S 135°04′W / 29.22°S 135.06°W / -29.22; -135.06 (Bartók ) 118 1979 Béla Bartók , Hungarian composerWGPSN Barma 40°56′S 163°29′W / 40.93°S 163.49°W / -40.93; -163.49 (Barma ) 123 1982 Postnik "Barma" Yakovlev , Russian architectWGPSN Bashō 32°23′S 170°27′W / 32.39°S 170.45°W / -32.39; -170.45 (Bashō ) 75 1979 Matsuo Bashō , Japanese poetWGPSN Bechet 83°05′N 93°40′W / 83.08°N 93.66°W / 83.08; -93.66 (Bechet ) 17.6 2013 Sidney Bechet , American jazz musician and composerWGPSN Beckett 40°12′S 111°17′E / 40.2°S 111.29°E / -40.2; 111.29 (Beckett ) 60 2008 Clarice Beckett , Australian painterWGPSN Beethoven 20°52′S 124°13′W / 20.86°S 124.21°W / -20.86; -124.21 (Beethoven ) 630 1976 Ludwig van Beethoven , German composerWGPSN Bek 21°10′N 50°59′W / 21.16°N 50.99°W / 21.16; -50.99 (Bek ) 32 2010 Bek , Egyptian sculptorWGPSN Belinskij 77°05′S 103°55′W / 77.09°S 103.92°W / -77.09; -103.92 (Belinskij ) 70.67 1985 Vissarion Belinsky , Russian literary criticWGPSN Bellini 33°46′S 272°50′W / 33.77°S 272.83°W / -33.77; -272.83 (Bellini ) 45 2019 Giovanni Bellini , Italian painterWGPSN Bello 18°52′S 120°11′W / 18.87°S 120.18°W / -18.87; -120.18 (Bello ) 139 1976 Andrés Bello , Venezuelan writerWGPSN Benoit 7°29′N 104°21′E / 7.48°N 104.35°E / 7.48; 104.35 (Benoit ) 40 2009 Rigaud Benoit , Haitian artistWGPSN Berkel 13°44′S 26°49′E / 13.73°S 26.81°E / -13.73; 26.81 (Berkel ) 23 2009 Sabri Berkel , Turkish painterWGPSN Berlioz 79°20′N 38°50′E / 79.33°N 38.83°E / 79.33; 38.83 (Berlioz ) 31.44 2013 Hector Berlioz , French composerWGPSN Bernini 80°19′S 140°58′W / 80.32°S 140.97°W / -80.32; -140.97 (Bernini ) 168.13 1976 Gian Lorenzo Bernini , Italian sculptorWGPSN Berry 70°34′N 247°16′W / 70.57°N 247.27°W / 70.57; -247.27 (Berry ) 25 2020 Chuck Berry , American singer and songwriterWGPSN Bjornson 73°07′N 113°59′W / 73.11°N 113.99°W / 73.11; -113.99 (Bjornson ) 75.93 1985 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson , Norwegian poetWGPSN Boccaccio 80°59′S 23°01′W / 80.99°S 23.01°W / -80.99; -23.01 (Boccaccio ) 151.95 1976 Giovanni Boccaccio , Italian writerWGPSN Boethius 0°59′S 73°38′W / 0.98°S 73.64°W / -0.98; -73.64 (Boethius ) 114 1976 Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius , Roman philosopherWGPSN Botticelli 63°38′N 112°21′W / 63.63°N 112.35°W / 63.63; -112.35 (Botticelli ) 136.35 1979 Sandro Botticelli , Italian artistWGPSN Boznańska 59°38′N 40°45′W / 59.64°N 40.75°W / 59.64; -40.75 (Boznańska ) 72 2015 Olga Boznańska , Polish painterWGPSN Brahms 58°19′N 177°22′W / 58.32°N 177.36°W / 58.32; -177.36 (Brahms ) 100 1979 Johannes Brahms , German composerWGPSN Bramante 47°14′S 61°33′W / 47.23°S 61.55°W / -47.23; -61.55 (Bramante ) 156 1976 Donato Bramante , Italian architectWGPSN Brontë 38°23′N 127°04′W / 38.39°N 127.06°W / 38.39; -127.06 (Brontë ) 68 1976 The Brontë family , English writers and artists WGPSN Brooks 45°13′S 168°01′W / 45.22°S 168.02°W / -45.22; -168.02 (Brooks ) 34 2015 Gwendolyn Brooks , American poet and novelistWGPSN Bruegel 49°44′N 109°28′W / 49.73°N 109.46°W / 49.73; -109.46 (Bruegel ) 72 1985 Pieter Bruegel the Elder , Flemish painterWGPSN Brunelleschi 8°56′S 22°31′W / 8.94°S 22.51°W / -8.94; -22.51 (Brunelleschi ) 128.57 1976 Filippo Brunelleschi , Italian architectWGPSN Bunin 84°28′N 141°46′W / 84.47°N 141.76°W / 84.47; -141.76 (Bunin ) 37 2019 Ivan Bunin , Russian authorWGPSN Burke 85°55′N 171°34′W / 85.91°N 171.56°W / 85.91; -171.56 (Burke ) 28.5 2015 Billie Burke , American actressWGPSN Burns 54°06′N 117°22′W / 54.1°N 117.37°W / 54.1; -117.37 (Burns ) 43 1985 Robert Burns , Scottish poetWGPSN Byron 8°26′S 33°00′W / 8.44°S 33°W / -8.44; -33 (Byron ) 106.58 1976 Lord Byron , English poetWGPSN
Eponym Ref Calder 3°31′N 12°45′E / 3.51°N 12.75°E / 3.51; 12.75 (Calder ) 24 2013 Alexander Calder , American sculptorWGPSN Callicrates 66°31′S 30°22′W / 66.51°S 30.37°W / -66.51; -30.37 (Callicrates ) 68 1976 Kallicrates , Ancient Greek architectWGPSN Calvino 3°59′S 56°02′W / 3.99°S 56.03°W / -3.99; -56.03 (Calvino ) 67 2009 Italo Calvino , Italian writerWGPSN Camões 71°25′S 68°23′W / 71.42°S 68.39°W / -71.42; -68.39 (Camões ) 70 1976 Luís de Camões , Portuguese writerWGPSN Canova 25°36′N 3°43′W / 25.6°N 3.71°W / 25.6; -3.71 (Canova ) 46 2018 Antonio Canova , Italian sculptorWGPSN Capote 21°06′S 72°25′E / 21.1°S 72.41°E / -21.1; 72.41 (Capote ) 88 2013 Truman Capote , American AuthorWGPSN Caravaggio 3°11′N 87°14′E / 3.18°N 87.24°E / 3.18; 87.24 (Caravaggio ) 185 2013 Michelangelo Merisi Caravaggio , Italian painterWGPSN Carducci 36°32′S 90°23′W / 36.54°S 90.39°W / -36.54; -90.39 (Carducci ) 108.19 1976 Giosuè Carducci , Italian poetWGPSN Carleton 52°12′S 306°36′W / 52.2°S 306.6°W / -52.2; -306.6 (Carleton ) 177 2018 William Carleton , Irish writerWGPSN Carolan 83°53′N 31°46′E / 83.88°N 31.77°E / 83.88; 31.77 (Carolan ) 24.34 2015 Turlough Carolan , Irish composer and performerWGPSN Caruso 2°20′S 76°22′W / 2.33°S 76.36°W / -2.33; -76.36 (Caruso ) 31 2013 Enrico Caruso , Italian singerWGPSN Castiglione 40°52′S 87°58′E / 40.87°S 87.96°E / -40.87; 87.96 (Castiglione ) 80 2015 Giuseppe Castiglione , Italian painterWGPSN Catullus 21°54′N 67°33′W / 21.9°N 67.55°W / 21.9; -67.55 (Catullus ) 100.2 2012 Gaius Valerius Catullus , Roman poetWGPSN Cervantes 76°05′S 124°16′W / 76.09°S 124.26°W / -76.09; -124.26 (Cervantes ) 213.16 1976 Miguel de Cervantes , Spanish writerWGPSN Cézanne 8°28′S 123°41′W / 8.47°S 123.69°W / -8.47; -123.69 (Cézanne ) 67 1985 Paul Cézanne , French painterWGPSN Chaikovskij 7°52′N 50°56′W / 7.86°N 50.93°W / 7.86; -50.93 (Chaikovskij ) 171 1976 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , Russian composerWGPSN Chao Meng-Fu 88°25′S 156°22′W / 88.42°S 156.36°W / -88.42; -156.36 (Chao Meng-Fu ) 140.73 1976 Zhao Mengfu , Chinese artistWGPSN Chekhov 36°12′S 61°14′W / 36.2°S 61.23°W / -36.2; -61.23 (Chekhov ) 194 1976 Anton Chekhov , Russian playwright and writerWGPSN Chesterton 88°31′N 126°54′W / 88.51°N 126.9°W / 88.51; -126.9 (Chesterton ) 37.23 2012 Gilbert Keith Chesterton , English authorWGPSN Chiang Kʻui 14°43′N 102°48′W / 14.71°N 102.8°W / 14.71; -102.8 (Chiang Kʻui ) 41 1976 Jiang Kui , Chinese poetWGPSN Chŏng Chʼŏl 46°52′N 117°19′W / 46.87°N 117.31°W / 46.87; -117.31 (Chŏng Chʼŏl ) 143 1979 Jeong Cheol , Korean poetWGPSN Chopin 65°27′S 123°24′W / 65.45°S 123.4°W / -65.45; -123.4 (Chopin ) 131 1976 Frédéric Chopin , Polish composerWGPSN Chu Ta 2°02′N 105°40′W / 2.04°N 105.66°W / 2.04; -105.66 (Chu Ta ) 100 1976 Zhu Da , Chinese painterWGPSN Coleridge 55°40′S 66°36′W / 55.67°S 66.6°W / -55.67; -66.6 (Coleridge ) 112 1976 Samuel Taylor Coleridge , English poetWGPSN Copland 37°38′N 72°59′E / 37.63°N 72.99°E / 37.63; 72.99 (Copland ) 208 2010 Aaron Copland , American composerWGPSN Copley 38°38′S 86°01′W / 38.63°S 86.01°W / -38.63; -86.01 (Copley ) 34 1976 John Singleton Copley , American painterWGPSN Couperin 29°44′N 151°56′W / 29.74°N 151.94°W / 29.74; -151.94 (Couperin ) 80 1979 The Couperin family of French musicians WGPSN Cunningham 30°25′N 157°04′E / 30.41°N 157.07°E / 30.41; 157.07 (Cunningham ) 37 2008 Imogen Cunningham , American photographerWGPSN
Eponym Ref Dali 45°10′N 119°44′E / 45.16°N 119.74°E / 45.16; 119.74 (Dali ) 176 2008 Salvador Dalí , Spanish painterWGPSN Damer 36°22′N 115°49′W / 36.36°N 115.81°W / 36.36; -115.81 (Damer ) 60 2013 Anne Seymour Damer , English sculptorWGPSN Darío 26°17′S 9°31′W / 26.28°S 9.51°W / -26.28; -9.51 (Darío ) 151 1976 Rubén Darío , Nicaraguan writerWGPSN David 17°40′S 67°52′E / 17.66°S 67.87°E / -17.66; 67.87 (David ) 23 2013 Jacques-Louis David , French painterWGPSN de Graft 22°03′N 1°53′E / 22.05°N 1.89°E / 22.05; 1.89 (de Graft ) 68 2009 Joe de Graft , Ghanaian playwrightWGPSN Debussy 33°57′S 12°32′E / 33.95°S 12.54°E / -33.95; 12.54 (Debussy ) 81 2010 Claude Debussy , French composerWGPSN Degas 37°05′N 127°20′W / 37.08°N 127.34°W / 37.08; -127.34 (Degas ) 54 1979 Edgar Degas , French artistWGPSN Delacroix 44°19′S 129°31′W / 44.32°S 129.51°W / -44.32; -129.51 (Delacroix ) 158 1979 Eugène Delacroix , French artistWGPSN Derain 9°00′S 19°42′E / 9°S 19.7°E / -9; 19.7 (Derain ) 167 2009 André Derain , French artistWGPSN Derzhavin 45°36′N 36°56′W / 45.6°N 36.93°W / 45.6; -36.93 (Derzhavin ) 156 1979 Gavril Romanovich Derzhavin , Russian poetWGPSN Despréz 81°05′N 101°15′W / 81.08°N 101.25°W / 81.08; -101.25 (Despréz ) 47.05 1979 Josquin des Prez , Franco-Flemish composerWGPSN Dickens 73°16′S 155°58′W / 73.26°S 155.96°W / -73.26; -155.96 (Dickens ) 77.31 1976 Charles Dickens , English novelistWGPSN Disney 68°09′S 99°48′E / 68.15°S 99.8°E / -68.15; 99.8 (Disney ) 113 2012 Walt Disney , American animatorWGPSN Dominici 1°17′N 36°29′W / 1.29°N 36.49°W / 1.29; -36.49 (Dominici ) 20 2010 Maria de Dominici , Maltese painterWGPSN Donelaitis 52°58′S 38°25′E / 52.96°S 38.42°E / -52.96; 38.42 (Donelaitis ) 85 2013 Kristijonas Donelaitis , Lithuanian poetWGPSN Donne 2°55′N 14°03′W / 2.92°N 14.05°W / 2.92; -14.05 (Donne ) 86 1976 John Donne , English poetWGPSN Dostoevskij 44°44′S 178°07′W / 44.73°S 178.11°W / -44.73; -178.11 (Dostoevskij ) 430.06 1979 Fyodor Dostoyevsky , Russian novelistWGPSN Dowland 53°34′S 179°18′E / 53.56°S 179.3°E / -53.56; 179.3 (Dowland ) 158 1979 John Dowland , English composerWGPSN Driscoll 30°35′N 33°35′W / 30.58°N 33.58°W / 30.58; -33.58 (Driscoll ) 30 2015 Clara Driscoll , American artistWGPSN Duccio 58°14′N 52°25′W / 58.23°N 52.42°W / 58.23; -52.42 (Duccio ) 132 2013 Duccio di Buoninsegna , Italian painterWGPSN Du Fu 25°00′N 93°40′W / 25°N 93.66°W / 25; -93.66 (Du Fu ) 33 2015 Du Fu , Chinese artistWGPSN Dürer 21°31′N 118°59′W / 21.51°N 118.98°W / 21.51; -118.98 (Dürer ) 195 1976 Albrecht Dürer , German artistWGPSN Dvorák 9°24′S 12°08′W / 9.4°S 12.13°W / -9.4; -12.13 (Dvorák ) 75 1976 Antonín Dvořák , Czech composerWGPSN
Eponym Ref Eastman 9°31′N 125°46′E / 9.52°N 125.76°E / 9.52; 125.76 (Eastman ) 67 2009 Charles Eastman , Sioux authorWGPSN Echegaray 43°29′N 20°13′W / 43.48°N 20.22°W / 43.48; -20.22 (Echegaray ) 63 1985 José Echegaray , Spanish dramatistWGPSN Egonu 67°09′N 61°29′E / 67.15°N 61.48°E / 67.15; 61.48 (Egonu ) 25 2012 Uzo Egonu , Nigerian artistWGPSN Eitoku 21°48′S 157°11′W / 21.8°S 157.18°W / -21.8; -157.18 (Eitoku ) 101 1976 Kanō Eitoku , Japanese artistWGPSN Ellington 12°53′S 26°06′E / 12.88°S 26.1°E / -12.88; 26.1 (Ellington ) 216 2012 Duke Ellington , American musicianWGPSN Eminescu 10°40′N 114°13′E / 10.66°N 114.21°E / 10.66; 114.21 (Eminescu ) 129 2008 Mihai Eminescu , Romanian poetWGPSN Enheduanna 48°20′N 33°35′W / 48.34°N 33.59°W / 48.34; -33.59 (Enheduanna ) 105 2015 Enheduanna , Sumerian poetWGPSN Enwonwu 10°01′S 121°58′E / 10.01°S 121.96°E / -10.01; 121.96 (Enwonwu ) 38 2008 Ben Enwonwu , Nigerian painterWGPSN Ensor 82°19′N 17°32′W / 82.32°N 17.53°W / 82.32; -17.53 (Ensor ) 24.92 2013 James Ensor , Belgian painterWGPSN Equiano 40°00′S 30°35′W / 40°S 30.59°W / -40; -30.59 (Equiano ) 102 1976 Olaudah Equiano , Benin writerWGPSN Erté 27°26′N 117°20′W / 27.44°N 117.33°W / 27.44; -117.33 (Erté ) 48.5 2013 Erté , Russian-born French artistWGPSN
Eponym Ref Gainsborough 35°44′S 175°29′E / 35.73°S 175.48°E / -35.73; 175.48 (Gainsborough ) 95 1985 Thomas Gainsborough , English painterWGPSN Gaudí 76°54′N 69°10′E / 76.9°N 69.16°E / 76.9; 69.16 (Gaudí ) 81 2012 Antoni Gaudí i Cornet , Spanish Catalan architectWGPSN Gauguin 66°22′N 100°01′W / 66.36°N 100.01°W / 66.36; -100.01 (Gauguin ) 70 1979 Paul Gauguin , French artistWGPSN Geddes 27°10′N 29°43′W / 27.17°N 29.72°W / 27.17; -29.72 (Geddes ) 84 2010 Wilhelmina Geddes , Irish stained glass artistWGPSN Ghiberti 48°33′S 80°09′W / 48.55°S 80.15°W / -48.55; -80.15 (Ghiberti ) 110 1976 Lorenzo Ghiberti , Italian sculptorWGPSN Giambologna 42°35′S 124°07′W / 42.58°S 124.11°W / -42.58; -124.11 (Giambologna ) 69 2013 Giambologna , Flemish sculptorWGPSN Gibran 35°44′N 111°26′W / 35.73°N 111.44°W / 35.73; -111.44 (Gibran ) 106 2009 Kahlil Gibran , Lebanese American poet and artistWGPSN Giotto 12°28′N 56°29′W / 12.46°N 56.48°W / 12.46; -56.48 (Giotto ) 144 1976 Giotto di Bondone , Italian painterWGPSN Glinka 14°50′N 112°33′W / 14.83°N 112.55°W / 14.83; -112.55 (Glinka ) 89 2008 Mikhail Glinka , Russian composerWGPSN Gluck 37°57′N 18°47′W / 37.95°N 18.78°W / 37.95; -18.78 (Gluck ) 100 1979 Christoph Willibald Gluck , Austrian composerWGPSN Goethe 81°06′N 51°02′W / 81.1°N 51.03°W / 81.1; -51.03 (Goethe ) 317.17 1979 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , German writerWGPSN Gogol 28°16′S 147°28′W / 28.26°S 147.46°W / -28.26; -147.46 (Gogol ) 79 1985 Nikolai Gogol , Russian playwrightWGPSN Gordimer 87°44′N 170°54′W / 87.73°N 170.9°W / 87.73; -170.9 (Gogol ) 58 2019 Nadine Gordimer , South African writerWGPSN Goya 6°47′S 152°17′W / 6.79°S 152.29°W / -6.79; -152.29 (Goya ) 138 1976 Francisco Goya , Spanish artistWGPSN Grainger 44°05′S 104°49′E / 44.09°S 104.81°E / -44.09; 104.81 (Grainger ) 113 2012 Percy Grainger , Australian composerWGPSN Grieg 52°29′N 15°22′W / 52.49°N 15.36°W / 52.49; -15.36 (Grieg ) 59 1985 Edvard Grieg , Norwegian composerWGPSN Grotell 71°05′N 31°38′W / 71.09°N 31.63°W / 71.09; -31.63 (Grotell ) 48.25 2012 Maija Grotell , Finnish and American ceramistWGPSN Guido d'Arezzo 38°25′S 18°32′W / 38.41°S 18.53°W / -38.41; -18.53 (Guido d'Arezzo ) 58 1976 Guido of Arezzo , Italian music theoristWGPSN
Eponym Ref Hafiz 19°30′N 79°34′E / 19.5°N 79.56°E / 19.5; 79.56 (Hafiz ) 280 2014 Hafiz of Shiraz , Persian poetWGPSN Hals 54°58′S 114°59′W / 54.96°S 114.99°W / -54.96; -114.99 (Hals ) 93 1985 Frans Hals , Dutch painterWGPSN Han Kan 72°08′S 146°24′W / 72.13°S 146.4°W / -72.13; -146.4 (Han Kan ) 50 1985 Han Gan , Chinese painterWGPSN Handel 3°32′N 34°23′W / 3.53°N 34.38°W / 3.53; -34.38 (Handel ) 138 1976 George Frideric Handel , German composerWGPSN Harunobu 14°53′N 140°56′W / 14.88°N 140.93°W / 14.88; -140.93 (Harunobu ) 107 1976 Suzuki Harunobu , Japanese artistWGPSN Hauptmann 23°42′S 179°35′E / 23.7°S 179.59°E / -23.7; 179.59 (Hauptmann ) 118 1985 Gerhart Hauptmann , German playwrightWGPSN Hawthorne 51°19′S 115°20′W / 51.31°S 115.34°W / -51.31; -115.34 (Hawthorne ) 120 1979 Nathaniel Hawthorne , American novelistWGPSN Haydn 27°13′S 71°38′W / 27.22°S 71.64°W / -27.22; -71.64 (Haydn ) 251 1976 Joseph Haydn , Austrian composerWGPSN Heaney 33°46′S 237°43′W / 33.77°S 237.71°W / -33.77; -237.71 (Heaney ) 125 2017 Seamus Heaney , Irish poet and playwrightWGPSN Heine 32°28′N 124°53′W / 32.46°N 124.88°W / 32.46; -124.88 (Heine ) 73 1979 Heinrich Heine , German poetWGPSN Hemingway 17°23′N 3°08′W / 17.38°N 3.13°W / 17.38; -3.13 (Hemingway ) 126 2009 Ernest Hemingway , American writerWGPSN Henri 79°41′N 152°59′E / 79.68°N 152.98°E / 79.68; 152.98 (Henri ) 163.8 2012 Robert Henri , American painterWGPSN Hesiod 58°16′S 34°15′W / 58.27°S 34.25°W / -58.27; -34.25 (Hesiod ) 101 1976 Hesiod , Ancient Greek poetWGPSN Hiroshige 13°20′S 26°58′W / 13.34°S 26.96°W / -13.34; -26.96 (Hiroshige ) 138 1976 Andō Hiroshige , Japanese artistWGPSN Hitomaro 16°04′S 15°39′W / 16.07°S 15.65°W / -16.07; -15.65 (Hitomaro ) 105 1976 Kakinomoto no Hitomaro , Japanese poetWGPSN Hodgkins 29°07′N 17°58′E / 29.12°N 17.97°E / 29.12; 17.97 (Hodgkins ) 19 2009 Frances Hodgkins , New Zealand painterWGPSN Hokusai 57°50′N 16°39′E / 57.84°N 16.65°E / 57.84; 16.65 (Hokusai ) 114 2010 Katsushika Hokusai , Japanese painterWGPSN Holbein 36°10′N 29°50′W / 36.16°N 29.84°W / 36.16; -29.84 (Holbein ) 115 1979 Hans Holbein the Younger , German artistWGPSN Holberg 67°22′S 59°34′W / 67.37°S 59.57°W / -67.37; -59.57 (Holberg ) 64 1976 Ludvig Holberg , Danish writerWGPSN Holst 17°25′S 44°58′E / 17.42°S 44.96°E / -17.42; 44.96 (Holst ) 170 2012 Gustav Holst , British composerWGPSN Homer 1°18′S 36°37′W / 1.3°S 36.62°W / -1.3; -36.62 (Homer ) 319 1976 Homer , Ancient Greek poetWGPSN Hopper 12°26′S 55°58′W / 12.44°S 55.96°W / -12.44; -55.96 (Hopper ) 36 2012 Edward Hopper , American painterWGPSN Horace 69°20′S 50°01′W / 69.34°S 50.02°W / -69.34; -50.02 (Horace ) 56 1976 Horace , Roman poetWGPSN Hovnatanian 7°41′S 172°43′E / 7.68°S 172.71°E / -7.68; 172.71 (Hovnatanian ) 34 2008 Hakob Hovnatanian , Armenian painterWGPSN Hugo 39°37′N 48°29′W / 39.61°N 48.49°W / 39.61; -48.49 (Hugo ) 206 1979 Victor Hugo , French writerWGPSN Hun Kal 0°28′S 19°56′W / 0.47°S 19.93°W / -0.47; -19.93 (Hun Kal ) 0.93 1976 '20' in the language of the Maya (serves as Mercury's a meridian reference point) WGPSN Hurley 87°22′S 6°59′W / 87.36°S 6.99°W / -87.36; -6.99 (Hurley ) 67 2013 Frank Hurley , Australian photographerWGPSN
Eponym Ref Kandinsky 87°53′N 78°47′E / 87.89°N 78.78°E / 87.89; 78.78 (Kandinsky ) 60 2012 Wassily Kandinsky , Russian painterWGPSN Karsh 35°29′S 78°51′E / 35.49°S 78.85°E / -35.49; 78.85 (Karsh ) 58 2015 Yousuf Karsh , Armenian-Canadian photographerWGPSN Kālidāsā 18°13′S 179°49′W / 18.21°S 179.82°W / -18.21; -179.82 (Kālidāsā ) 160 1976 Kālidāsa , Sanskrit writerWGPSN Keats 70°19′S 156°39′W / 70.31°S 156.65°W / -70.31; -156.65 (Keats ) 107.85 1976 John Keats , English poetWGPSN Kenkō 21°21′S 16°10′W / 21.35°S 16.16°W / -21.35; -16.16 (Kenkō ) 105 1976 Yoshida Kenkō , Japanese writerWGPSN Kerouac 25°13′N 129°06′E / 25.21°N 129.1°E / 25.21; 129.1 (Kerouac ) 110 2015 Jack Kerouac , American writerWGPSN Kertész 27°22′N 146°05′E / 27.37°N 146.08°E / 27.37; 146.08 (Kertész ) 32 2008 André Kertész , Hungarian photographerWGPSN Khansa 58°57′S 51°56′W / 58.95°S 51.94°W / -58.95; -51.94 (Khansa ) 113 1976 Al-Khansa , Arabic poetWGPSN Kipling 19°22′S 72°01′E / 19.37°S 72.02°E / -19.37; 72.02 (Kipling ) 164 2010 Rudyard Kipling , English authorWGPSN Kirby 82°58′N 151°19′W / 82.96°N 151.32°W / 82.96; -151.32 (Kipling ) 31 2019 Jack Kirby , American illustratorWGPSN Kobro 82°10′S 81°13′E / 82.16°S 81.22°E / -82.16; 81.22 (Kobro ) 54 2012 Katarzyna Kobro , Polish sculptorWGPSN Kofi 56°45′N 117°52′E / 56.75°N 117.87°E / 56.75; 117.87 (Kofi ) 136 2012 Vincent Kofi , Ghanaian sculptorWGPSN Komeda 82°44′S 90°28′E / 82.74°S 90.47°E / -82.74; 90.47 (Komeda ) 54 2012 Krzysztof Komeda , Polish composerWGPSN Kōshō 59°56′N 139°52′W / 59.93°N 139.87°W / 59.93; -139.87 (Kōshō ) 64 1985 Kōshō, Japanese sculptor WGPSN Kuan Han-Chʻing 29°26′N 53°40′W / 29.44°N 53.67°W / 29.44; -53.67 (Kuan Han-Chʻing ) 143 1979 Guan Hanqing , Chinese playwrightWGPSN Kuiper 11°20′S 31°19′W / 11.34°S 31.32°W / -11.34; -31.32 (Kuiper ) 62 1976 Gerard Kuiper , American astronomerWGPSN Kulthum 50°43′N 93°32′E / 50.72°N 93.53°E / 50.72; 93.53 (Kulthum ) 31 2015 Umm Kulthum , Egyptian singerWGPSN Kunisada 1°22′N 113°01′E / 1.37°N 113.02°E / 1.37; 113.02 (Kunisada ) 241.45 2009 Utagawa Kunisada , Japanese woodblock printmakerWGPSN Kuniyoshi 57°52′S 37°29′W / 57.87°S 37.49°W / -57.87; -37.49 (Kuniyoshi ) 27 2014 Utagawa Kuniyoshi , Japanese painter and printmakerWGPSN Kurosawa 52°26′S 21°29′W / 52.44°S 21.49°W / -52.44; -21.49 (Kurosawa ) 152 1976 Kinko Kurosawa , Japanese musicianWGPSN Kyōsai 25°09′N 4°52′E / 25.15°N 4.86°E / 25.15; 4.86 (Kyōsai ) 39 2012 Kawanabe Kyōsai , Japanese artistWGPSN
Eponym Ref Lange 6°17′N 100°28′E / 6.28°N 100.47°E / 6.28; 100.47 (Lange ) 176.23 2009 Dorothea Lange , American photographerWGPSN Larrocha 43°17′N 69°50′W / 43.29°N 69.83°W / 43.29; -69.83 (Larrocha ) 196 2013 Alicia de Larrocha , Spanish pianistWGPSN Laxness 83°16′N 50°02′W / 83.27°N 50.04°W / 83.27; -50.04 (Laxness ) 25.89 2013 Halldór Laxness , Icelandic writerWGPSN L'Engle 86°38′S 69°37′E / 86.63°S 69.62°E / -86.63; 69.62 (L'Engle ) 62 2013 Madeleine L'Engle , American authorWGPSN Lennon 36°25′S 41°11′E / 36.41°S 41.18°E / -36.41; 41.18 (Lennon ) 95 2013 John Lennon , former Beatles member[9] [10] WGPSN Lennon-Picasso Basin 17°25′S 44°58′E / 17.42°S 44.96°E / -17.42; 44.96 (Lennon ) 1450 2018 John Lennon and Pablo Picasso [11] Leopardi 72°46′S 175°10′E / 72.76°S 175.16°E / -72.76; 175.16 (Leopardi ) 71.45 1976 Giacomo Leopardi , Italian writerWGPSN Lermontov 15°14′N 48°56′W / 15.24°N 48.94°W / 15.24; -48.94 (Lermontov ) 166 1976 Mikhail Lermontov , Russian writerWGPSN Lessing 28°30′S 90°20′W / 28.5°S 90.34°W / -28.5; -90.34 (Lessing ) 95 1985 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , German dramatistWGPSN Li Chʻing-Chao 77°58′S 71°10′W / 77.96°S 71.17°W / -77.96; -71.17 (Li Chʻing-Chao ) 69 1976 Li Qingzhao , Chinese writerWGPSN Li Po 17°06′N 35°41′W / 17.1°N 35.69°W / 17.1; -35.69 (Li Po ) 126 1976 Li Bai , Chinese poetWGPSN Liang Kʻai 39°53′S 175°50′E / 39.89°S 175.84°E / -39.89; 175.84 (Liang Kʻai ) 145 1979 Liang Kai , Chinese artistWGPSN Lismer 81°31′N 166°22′E / 81.51°N 166.37°E / 81.51; 166.37 (Lismer ) 139.12 2012 Arthur Lismer , Canadian painterWGPSN Liszt 16°08′S 168°20′W / 16.13°S 168.34°W / -16.13; -168.34 (Liszt ) 79 1985 Franz Liszt , Hungarian composerWGPSN Lorde 69°07′S 49°28′W / 69.12°S 49.47°W / -69.12; -49.47 (Lorde ) 45 2022 Audre Lorde , American writerWGPSN Lovecraft 86°14′S 73°49′W / 86.24°S 73.82°W / -86.24; -73.82 (Lovecraft ) 51.97 2013 H. P. Lovecraft , American authorWGPSN Lu Hsun 0°01′S 23°46′W / 0.01°S 23.76°W / -0.01; -23.76 (Lu Hsun ) 96 1976 Lu Xun , Chinese writerWGPSN Lysippus 1°02′N 132°45′W / 1.03°N 132.75°W / 1.03; -132.75 (Lysippus ) 155 1976 Lysippos , Ancient Greek sculptorWGPSN
Eponym Ref Ma Chih-Yuan 60°01′S 78°01′W / 60.01°S 78.01°W / -60.01; -78.01 (Ma Chih-Yuan ) 197 1976 Ma Zhiyuan , Chinese writerWGPSN Machaut 2°03′S 82°22′W / 2.05°S 82.37°W / -2.05; -82.37 (Machaut ) 104 1976 Guillaume de Machaut , French poet and composerWGPSN MacNicol 68°11′S 355°57′W / 68.19°S 355.95°W / -68.19; -355.95 (MacNicol ) 42 2022 Bessie MacNicol , Scottish painterWGPSN Magritte 72°47′S 121°38′E / 72.78°S 121.63°E / -72.78; 121.63 (Magritte ) 149 2012 René Magritte , Belgian painterWGPSN Mahler 19°41′S 18°49′W / 19.68°S 18.82°W / -19.68; -18.82 (Mahler ) 104 1976 Gustav Mahler , Bohemian composerWGPSN Mansart 72°43′N 123°22′W / 72.72°N 123.36°W / 72.72; -123.36 (Mansart ) 84.97 1979 Jules Hardouin-Mansart , French architectWGPSN Mansur 47°25′N 163°37′W / 47.41°N 163.61°W / 47.41; -163.61 (Mansur ) 95 1979 Ustad Mansur , Mughal artistWGPSN March 30°57′N 176°18′W / 30.95°N 176.3°W / 30.95; -176.3 (March ) 83 1979 Ausiàs March , Catalan poetWGPSN Mark Twain 10°55′S 138°17′W / 10.91°S 138.28°W / -10.91; -138.28 (Mark Twain ) 142 1976 Mark Twain , American novelistWGPSN Martí 75°58′S 168°16′W / 75.96°S 168.26°W / -75.96; -168.26 (Martí ) 69.48 1976 José Martí , Cuban writerWGPSN Martins 8°00′S 304°56′W / 8°S 304.93°W / -8; -304.93 (Martí ) 12.4 2019 Maria Martins , Brazilian sculptorWGPSN Martial 68°28′N 178°20′W / 68.47°N 178.33°W / 68.47; -178.33 (Martial ) 51 1979 Martial , Roman poetWGPSN Matabei 39°51′S 14°03′W / 39.85°S 14.05°W / -39.85; -14.05 (Matabei ) 24 2009 Iwasa Matabei , Japanese painterWGPSN Matisse 23°50′S 90°03′W / 23.83°S 90.05°W / -23.83; -90.05 (Matisse ) 189.04 1976 Henri Matisse , French painterWGPSN Melville 22°01′N 9°53′W / 22.01°N 9.89°W / 22.01; -9.89 (Melville ) 146 1976 Herman Melville , American novelistWGPSN Mena 0°10′S 124°44′W / 0.17°S 124.73°W / -0.17; -124.73 (Mena ) 15 1976 Juan de Mena , Spanish poetWGPSN Mendelssohn 70°04′N 257°27′W / 70.07°N 257.45°W / 70.07; -257.45 (Mendelssohn ) 291 2012 Felix Mendelssohn , German composerWGPSN Mendes Pinto 61°39′S 17°34′W / 61.65°S 17.57°W / -61.65; -17.57 (Mendes Pinto ) 192 1976 Fernão Mendes Pinto , Portuguese writerWGPSN Michelangelo 44°55′S 109°47′W / 44.92°S 109.78°W / -44.92; -109.78 (Michelangelo ) 229.71 1979 Michelangelo , Italian artistWGPSN Mickiewicz 23°09′N 103°14′W / 23.15°N 103.23°W / 23.15; -103.23 (Mickiewicz ) 103 1976 Adam Mickiewicz , Polish writerWGPSN Milton 26°06′S 175°02′W / 26.1°S 175.03°W / -26.1; -175.03 (Milton ) 180.85 1976 John Milton , English poetWGPSN Mistral 4°42′N 54°40′W / 4.7°N 54.67°W / 4.7; -54.67 (Mistral ) 102 1976 Gabriela Mistral , Chilean poetWGPSN Mofolo 37°41′S 28°13′W / 37.68°S 28.22°W / -37.68; -28.22 (Mofolo ) 103 1976 Thomas Mofolo , Lesotho writerWGPSN Molière 15°24′N 17°43′W / 15.4°N 17.71°W / 15.4; -17.71 (Molière ) 139 1976 Molière , French playwrightWGPSN Monet 44°14′N 9°46′W / 44.23°N 9.77°W / 44.23; -9.77 (Monet ) 203 1979 Claude Monet , French artistWGPSN Monk 66°05′N 63°49′E / 66.08°N 63.81°E / 66.08; 63.81 (Monk ) 12 2013 Thelonious Monk , American jazz musicianWGPSN Monteverdi 64°29′N 81°01′W / 64.49°N 81.01°W / 64.49; -81.01 (Monteverdi ) 134 1979 Claudio Monteverdi , Italian composerWGPSN Moody 13°13′S 144°51′E / 13.21°S 144.85°E / -13.21; 144.85 (Moody ) 83 2008 Ronald Moody , Jamaican painterWGPSN Morrison 79°40′N 232°34′E / 79.66°N 232.57°E / 79.66; 232.57 (Moody ) 35 2022 Toni Morrison ; American authorWGPSN Mozart 7°45′N 169°25′E / 7.75°N 169.41°E / 7.75; 169.41 (Mozart ) 241 1976 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Austrian composerWGPSN Munch 40°29′N 152°49′E / 40.48°N 152.82°E / 40.48; 152.82 (Munch ) 57 2008 Edvard Munch , Norwegian painterWGPSN Munkácsy 21°57′N 101°08′E / 21.95°N 101.14°E / 21.95; 101.14 (Munkácsy ) 193 2009 Mihály Munkácsy , Hungarian painterWGPSN Murasaki 12°32′S 30°24′W / 12.54°S 30.4°W / -12.54; -30.4 (Murasaki ) 132 1976 Murasaki Shikibu , Japanese writerWGPSN Mussorgskij 32°49′N 97°39′W / 32.82°N 97.65°W / 32.82; -97.65 (Mussorgskij ) 115 1979 Modest Mussorgsky , Russian composerWGPSN Myron 71°13′N 84°52′W / 71.21°N 84.86°W / 71.21; -84.86 (Myron ) 25 1979 Myron , Ancient Greek sculptorWGPSN
Eponym Ref Nabokov 14°34′S 55°46′E / 14.56°S 55.76°E / -14.56; 55.76 (Nabokov ) 166 2012 Vladimir Nabokov , Russian and American writerWGPSN Nairne 70°20′S 1°35′E / 70.34°S 1.59°E / -70.34; 1.59 (Nairne ) 56 2022 Carolina Nairne , Scottish songwriterWGPSN Namatjira 58°49′N 33°02′W / 58.82°N 33.04°W / 58.82; -33.04 (Namatjira ) 34 2015 Albert Namatjira , Australian Aboriginal artistWGPSN Nampeyo 40°20′S 49°58′W / 40.33°S 49.96°W / -40.33; -49.96 (Nampeyo ) 49 1976 Nampeyo , Hopi potterWGPSN Navoi 58°49′N 160°25′E / 58.82°N 160.41°E / 58.82; 160.41 (Navoi ) 69 2008 Ali-Shir Nava'i , Uzbek poetWGPSN Nāwahī 35°53′N 145°16′E / 35.88°N 145.26°E / 35.88; 145.26 (Nāwahī ) 38 2008 Joseph Nāwahī , Hawaiian painterWGPSN Neruda 52°40′S 125°47′E / 52.66°S 125.79°E / -52.66; 125.79 (Neruda ) 112 2008 Jan Neruda , Czech poet and writer, and Johann Baptist Georg Neruda , Czech composerWGPSN Nervo 42°42′N 179°53′W / 42.7°N 179.89°W / 42.7; -179.89 (Nervo ) 66 1979 Amado Nervo , Mexican poetWGPSN Neumann 37°13′S 34°34′W / 37.22°S 34.56°W / -37.22; -34.56 (Neumann ) 122 1976 Johann Balthasar Neumann , German architectWGPSN Nizāmī 70°28′N 166°43′W / 70.46°N 166.71°W / 70.46; -166.71 (Nizāmī ) 77 1979 Nizami , Persian poetWGPSN Nureyev 11°41′N 173°08′W / 11.68°N 173.13°W / 11.68; -173.13 (Nureyev ) 16 2012 Rudolf Nureyev , Soviet and British ballet dancerWGPSN
Eponym Ref Pahinui 28°10′S 213°13′W / 28.16°S 213.21°W / -28.16; -213.21 (Pahinui ) 54 2013 Gabby Pahinui , Hawaiian slack-key guitarist and singerWGPSN Pasch 46°07′N 134°45′E / 46.12°N 134.75°E / 46.12; 134.75 (Pasch ) 37 2012 Ulrika Pasch , Swedish painterWGPSN Petipa 11°32′N 21°03′E / 11.54°N 21.05°E / 11.54; 21.05 (Petipa ) 12 2012 Marius Petipa , French and Russian choreographer and dancerWGPSN Petőfi 83°33′S 119°21′E / 83.55°S 119.35°E / -83.55; 119.35 (Petőfi ) 61 2013 Sándor Petőfi , Hungarian poetWGPSN Petrarch 30°31′S 26°17′W / 30.52°S 26.29°W / -30.52; -26.29 (Petrarch ) 167 1976 Petrarch , Italian poetWGPSN Petronius 86°04′N 40°31′W / 86.06°N 40.51°W / 86.06; -40.51 (Petronius ) 36 2012 Petronius , Roman authorWGPSN Phidias 8°58′N 149°44′W / 8.97°N 149.73°W / 8.97; -149.73 (Phidias ) 168 1976 Phidias , Ancient Greek artist and architectWGPSN Philoxenus 8°41′S 111°45′W / 8.68°S 111.75°W / -8.68; -111.75 (Philoxenus ) 87 1976 Philoxenus of Cythera , Ancient Greek poetWGPSN Picasso 3°26′N 50°14′E / 3.44°N 50.24°E / 3.44; 50.24 (Picasso ) 134 2010 Pablo Picasso , Spanish painterWGPSN Pigalle 37°39′S 9°38′W / 37.65°S 9.64°W / -37.65; -9.64 (Pigalle ) 153 1976 Jean-Baptiste Pigalle , French sculptorWGPSN Plath 37°52′N 38°50′W / 37.86°N 38.84°W / 37.86; -38.84 (Plath ) 35 2015 Sylvia Plath , American poetWGPSN Po Chü-I 6°56′S 165°17′W / 6.94°S 165.28°W / -6.94; -165.28 (Po Chü-I ) 70 1976 Bai Juyi , Chinese poetWGPSN Po Ya 45°55′S 20°10′W / 45.92°S 20.17°W / -45.92; -20.17 (Po Ya ) 101 1976 Bo Ya , Chinese musicianWGPSN Poe 43°46′N 159°06′E / 43.76°N 159.1°E / 43.76; 159.1 (Poe ) 77 2008 Edgar Allan Poe , American poetWGPSN Polygnotus 0°08′S 69°16′W / 0.13°S 69.26°W / -0.13; -69.26 (Polygnotus ) 124 1976 Polygnotus , Ancient Greek painterWGPSN Popova 34°43′S 66°44′W / 34.72°S 66.73°W / -34.72; -66.73 (Popova ) 34 2012 Lyubov Popova , Russian painter and designerWGPSN Praxiteles 27°07′N 60°17′W / 27.11°N 60.28°W / 27.11; -60.28 (Praxiteles ) 198 1979 Praxiteles , Ancient Greek sculptorWGPSN Prokofiev 85°46′N 62°55′E / 85.77°N 62.92°E / 85.77; 62.92 (Prokofiev ) 112 2012 Sergei Prokofiev , Russian composerWGPSN Proust 19°34′N 47°35′W / 19.56°N 47.59°W / 19.56; -47.59 (Proust ) 145 1976 Marcel Proust , French novelistWGPSN Puccini 65°23′S 45°19′W / 65.39°S 45.32°W / -65.39; -45.32 (Puccini ) 76 1976 Giacomo Puccini , Italian composerWGPSN Purcell 80°26′N 152°13′W / 80.43°N 152.21°W / 80.43; -152.21 (Purcell ) 87.67 1979 Henry Purcell , English composerWGPSN Pushkin 65°47′S 20°44′W / 65.79°S 20.73°W / -65.79; -20.73 (Pushkin ) 232 1976 Alexander Pushkin , Russian poetWGPSN
Eponym Ref Rabelais 60°32′S 61°49′W / 60.53°S 61.81°W / -60.53; -61.81 (Rabelais ) 154 1976 François Rabelais , French writerWGPSN Rachmaninoff 27°40′N 57°22′E / 27.66°N 57.37°E / 27.66; 57.37 (Rachmaninoff ) 305 2010 Sergei Rachmaninoff , Russian composerWGPSN Raden Saleh 2°04′N 158°50′E / 2.07°N 158.83°E / 2.07; 158.83 (Raden Saleh ) 23 2008 Raden Saleh , Javanese painterWGPSN Raditladi 27°09′N 119°04′E / 27.15°N 119.06°E / 27.15; 119.06 (Raditladi ) 258 2008 Leetile Disang Raditladi , Botswanan writerWGPSN Rajnis 4°22′N 96°13′W / 4.36°N 96.21°W / 4.36; -96.21 (Rajnis ) 80 1976 Rainis , Latvian writerWGPSN Remarque 84°56′N 6°28′W / 84.94°N 6.46°W / 84.94; -6.46 (Remarque ) 25.9 2013 Erich Maria Remarque , German authorWGPSN Rameau 54°35′S 37°14′W / 54.58°S 37.24°W / -54.58; -37.24 (Rameau ) 58 1976 Jean-Philippe Rameau , French composerWGPSN Raphael 20°25′S 76°21′W / 20.42°S 76.35°W / -20.42; -76.35 (Raphael ) 342 1976 Raphael , Italian artistWGPSN Ravel 12°01′S 38°11′W / 12.01°S 38.19°W / -12.01; -38.19 (Ravel ) 78 1985 Maurice Ravel , French composerWGPSN Rembrandt 32°53′S 87°52′E / 32.89°S 87.87°E / -32.89; 87.87 (Rembrandt ) 716 2009 Rembrandt , Dutch artistWGPSN Renoir 18°20′S 52°01′W / 18.34°S 52.01°W / -18.34; -52.01 (Renoir ) 220 1976 Pierre-Auguste Renoir , French artistWGPSN Repin 19°07′S 63°20′W / 19.12°S 63.33°W / -19.12; -63.33 (Repin ) 95 1976 Ilya Yefimovich Repin , Russian artistWGPSN Riemenschneider 52°45′S 99°57′W / 52.75°S 99.95°W / -52.75; -99.95 (Riemenschneider ) 183 1979 Tilman Riemenschneider , German sculptorWGPSN Rilke 44°49′S 12°34′W / 44.81°S 12.57°W / -44.81; -12.57 (Rilke ) 82 1976 Rainer Maria Rilke , German poetWGPSN Rimbaud 63°37′S 148°54′W / 63.62°S 148.9°W / -63.62; -148.9 (Rimbaud ) 78 1985 Arthur Rimbaud , French poetWGPSN Rikyū 79°55′N 22°44′W / 79.91°N 22.74°W / 79.91; -22.74 (Rikyū ) 22.4 2013 Sen no Rikyū , Japanese tea masterWGPSN Rivera 69°17′N 32°11′E / 69.29°N 32.18°E / 69.29; 32.18 (Rivera ) 40 2015 Diego Rivera , Mexican painterWGPSN Rizal 82°29′N 146°59′W / 82.48°N 146.98°W / 82.48; -146.98 (Rivera ) 64 2019 José Rizal , Filipino writerWGPSN Rodin 21°43′N 18°53′W / 21.72°N 18.89°W / 21.72; -18.89 (Rodin ) 230 1976 Auguste Rodin , French sculptorWGPSN Roerich 84°23′S 58°56′W / 84.39°S 58.94°W / -84.39; -58.94 (Roerich ) 111.67 2013 Nicholas Roerich , Russian painterWGPSN Rubens 60°35′N 77°59′W / 60.58°N 77.99°W / 60.58; -77.99 (Rubens ) 158 1979 Peter Paul Rubens , French artistWGPSN Rublev 15°07′S 157°05′W / 15.12°S 157.08°W / -15.12; -157.08 (Rublev ) 129 1976 Andrei Rublev , Russian icon painterWGPSN Rūdaki 3°58′S 51°46′W / 3.97°S 51.76°W / -3.97; -51.76 (Rūdaki ) 124 1976 Rudaki , Persian poetWGPSN Rude 33°13′S 79°17′W / 33.22°S 79.29°W / -33.22; -79.29 (Rude ) 68 1985 François Rude , French sculptorWGPSN Rūmī 24°12′S 105°18′W / 24.2°S 105.3°W / -24.2; -105.3 (Rūmī ) 75 1985 Mawlana Rumi , Persian poetWGPSN Rustaveli 52°25′N 82°44′E / 52.41°N 82.74°E / 52.41; 82.74 (Rustaveli ) 200 2012 Shota Rustaveli , Georgian poetWGPSN Ruysch 10°42′S 94°07′E / 10.7°S 94.12°E / -10.7; 94.12 (Ruysch ) 64 2013 Rachel Ruysch , Netherland painterWGPSN
Eponym Ref Sadī 79°14′S 51°16′W / 79.24°S 51.26°W / -79.24; -51.26 (Sadī ) 66.54 1976 Saadi , Persian poetWGPSN Saikaku 71°58′N 177°58′W / 71.96°N 177.97°W / 71.96; -177.97 (Saikaku ) 64 1979 Ihara Saikaku , Japanese poetWGPSN Sander 42°26′N 154°34′E / 42.43°N 154.56°E / 42.43; 154.56 (Sander ) 47 2008 August Sander , German photographerWGPSN Sanai 13°22′S 6°59′W / 13.37°S 6.99°W / -13.37; -6.99 (Sanai ) 490 2014 Sanai , Persian poetWGPSN Sapkota 86°05′N 132°47′W / 86.09°N 132.79°W / 86.09; -132.79 (Sapkota ) 27.4 2015 Mahananda Sapkota , Nepalese poetWGPSN Sarmiento 29°16′S 170°25′E / 29.27°S 170.42°E / -29.27; 170.42 (Sarmiento ) 95 1979 Domingo Faustino Sarmiento , Argentinian writerWGPSN Savage 8°35′S 93°25′E / 8.59°S 93.41°E / -8.59; 93.41 (Savage ) 93 2013 Augusta Savage , American sculptorWGPSN Sayat-Nova 27°59′S 122°42′W / 27.98°S 122.7°W / -27.98; -122.7 (Sayat-Nova ) 146 1979 Sayat-Nova , Armenian poetWGPSN Scarlatti 40°42′N 101°10′W / 40.7°N 101.16°W / 40.7; -101.16 (Scarlatti ) 132 1979 Domenico Scarlatti , Alessandro Scarlatti , Italian composersWGPSN Schoenberg 16°04′S 136°05′W / 16.06°S 136.08°W / -16.06; -136.08 (Schoenberg ) 28 1976 Arnold Schoenberg , Austrian composerWGPSN Schubert 43°13′S 54°16′W / 43.21°S 54.26°W / -43.21; -54.26 (Schubert ) 190 1976 Franz Schubert , Austrian composerWGPSN Scopas 81°16′S 174°43′E / 81.26°S 174.71°E / -81.26; 174.71 (Scopas ) 83.16 1976 Scopas , Ancient Greek sculptor and architectWGPSN Sei 64°37′S 88°35′W / 64.61°S 88.59°W / -64.61; -88.59 (Sei ) 137 1976 Sei Shōnagon , Japanese writerWGPSN Seuss 7°39′N 33°10′E / 7.65°N 33.16°E / 7.65; 33.16 (Seuss ) 64 2012 Theodor Seuss Geisel , American author and cartoonistWGPSN Shakespeare 48°06′N 152°15′W / 48.1°N 152.25°W / 48.1; -152.25 (Shakespeare ) 399 1979 William Shakespeare , English writerWGPSN Shelley 47°41′S 128°16′W / 47.69°S 128.27°W / -47.69; -128.27 (Shelley ) 171 1979 Percy Bysshe Shelley , English poetWGPSN Sher-Gil 45°16′S 134°44′E / 45.26°S 134.74°E / -45.26; 134.74 (Sher-Gil ) 77 2008 Amrita Sher-Gil , Indian painterWGPSN Shevchenko 53°38′S 46°01′W / 53.64°S 46.02°W / -53.64; -46.02 (Shevchenko ) 143 1976 Taras Shevchenko , Ukrainian poetWGPSN Sholem Aleichem 50°55′N 90°29′W / 50.92°N 90.48°W / 50.92; -90.48 (Sholem Aleichem ) 196 1979 Sholom Aleichem , Yiddish writerWGPSN Sibelius 49°30′S 145°22′W / 49.5°S 145.37°W / -49.5; -145.37 (Sibelius ) 94 1985 Jean Sibelius , Finnish composerWGPSN Simonides 29°08′S 44°51′W / 29.13°S 44.85°W / -29.13; -44.85 (Simonides ) 87 1985 Simonides of Ceos , Greek poetWGPSN Sinan 15°28′N 30°35′W / 15.46°N 30.59°W / 15.46; -30.59 (Sinan ) 134 1976 Mimar Sinan , Turkish architectWGPSN Smetana 48°15′S 70°10′W / 48.25°S 70.17°W / -48.25; -70.17 (Smetana ) 191 1985 Bedřich Smetana , Czech composerWGPSN Snorri 9°10′S 83°14′W / 9.17°S 83.24°W / -9.17; -83.24 (Snorri ) 21 1976 Snorri Sturluson , Icelandic poetWGPSN Sophocles 6°57′S 146°02′W / 6.95°S 146.04°W / -6.95; -146.04 (Sophocles ) 142 1976 Sophocles , Ancient Greek dramatistWGPSN Sor Juana 50°31′N 25°35′W / 50.51°N 25.59°W / 50.51; -25.59 (Sor Juana ) 102 1979 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz , Mexican writerWGPSN Sōseki 39°19′N 38°46′W / 39.31°N 38.77°W / 39.31; -38.77 (Sōseki ) 92 1985 Natsume Sōseki , Japanese novelistWGPSN Sōtatsu 48°44′S 18°10′W / 48.73°S 18.17°W / -48.73; -18.17 (Sōtatsu ) 157 1976 Tawaraya Sōtatsu , Japanese artistWGPSN Sousa 46°41′N 0°38′E / 46.69°N 0.63°E / 46.69; 0.63 (Sousa ) 138 2012 John Philip Sousa , American bandmaster and composerWGPSN Spitteler 69°11′S 60°16′W / 69.18°S 60.26°W / -69.18; -60.26 (Spitteler ) 67 1976 Carl Spitteler , Swiss poetWGPSN Steichen 12°47′S 77°02′E / 12.79°S 77.04°E / -12.79; 77.04 (Steichen ) 196 2010 Edward Steichen , American photographerWGPSN Stevenson 2°03′N 143°53′W / 2.05°N 143.88°W / 2.05; -143.88 (Stevenson ) 134 2012 Robert Louis Stevenson , Scottish authorWGPSN Stieglitz 72°32′N 67°38′E / 72.54°N 67.63°E / 72.54; 67.63 (Stieglitz ) 100 2012 Alfred Stieglitz , American photographerWGPSN Strauss 70°25′N 285°32′E / 70.42°N 285.53°E / 70.42; 285.53 (Stieglitz ) 17 2019 Strauss family of musicians WGPSN Stravinsky 51°57′N 78°54′W / 51.95°N 78.9°W / 51.95; -78.9 (Stravinsky ) 129 1979 Igor Stravinsky , Russian composerWGPSN Strindberg 53°25′N 136°40′W / 53.41°N 136.67°W / 53.41; -136.67 (Strindberg ) 189 1979 August Strindberg , Swedish writerWGPSN Sullivan 16°11′S 86°53′W / 16.19°S 86.88°W / -16.19; -86.88 (Sullivan ) 153.23 1976 Louis Sullivan , American architectWGPSN Sūr Dās 46°59′S 93°34′W / 46.98°S 93.57°W / -46.98; -93.57 (Sūr Dās ) 131 1979 Sur , Hindu , poetWGPSN Surikov 36°59′S 124°54′W / 36.98°S 124.9°W / -36.98; -124.9 (Surikov ) 224 1979 Vasily Surikov , Russian artistWGPSN Sveinsdóttir 2°50′S 100°19′E / 2.83°S 100.32°E / -2.83; 100.32 (Sveinsdóttir ) 212.79 2008 Júlíana Sveinsdóttir , Icelandic artistWGPSN
Eponym Ref Takanobu 30°40′N 108°34′W / 30.66°N 108.56°W / 30.66; -108.56 (Takanobu ) 72 1985 Fujiwara no Takanobu , Japanese poetWGPSN Takayoshi 37°14′S 163°49′W / 37.23°S 163.82°W / -37.23; -163.82 (Takayoshi ) 136 1979 Fujiwara no Takayoshi , Japanese painterWGPSN Tansen 4°07′N 71°40′W / 4.11°N 71.67°W / 4.11; -71.67 (Tansen ) 27 1976 Tansen , Hindustani composerWGPSN Thākur 3°03′S 64°34′W / 3.05°S 64.57°W / -3.05; -64.57 (Thākur ) 111 1976 Rabindranath Tagore , Indian writerWGPSN Theophanes 5°01′S 142°47′W / 5.02°S 142.78°W / -5.02; -142.78 (Theophanes ) 46 1976 Theophanes the Greek , icon painterWGPSN Thoreau 5°56′N 132°38′W / 5.94°N 132.64°W / 5.94; -132.64 (Thoreau ) 72 1985 Henry David Thoreau , American poetWGPSN Tintoretto 47°59′S 22°57′W / 47.99°S 22.95°W / -47.99; -22.95 (Tintoretto ) 94 1976 Tintoretto , Italian artistWGPSN Titian 3°41′S 42°32′W / 3.69°S 42.53°W / -3.69; -42.53 (Titian ) 109 1976 Titian , Italian artistWGPSN To Ngoc Van 52°29′N 111°42′W / 52.49°N 111.7°W / 52.49; -111.7 (To Ngoc Van ) 71 2009 To Ngoc Van , Vietnamese painterWGPSN Tolkien 88°49′N 148°55′E / 88.82°N 148.92°E / 88.82; 148.92 (Tolkien ) 50 2012 J. R. R. Tolkien , English writerWGPSN Tolstoj 16°14′S 164°38′W / 16.23°S 164.64°W / -16.23; -164.64 (Tolstoj ) 355 1976 Leo Tolstoy , Russian writerWGPSN Travers 28°00′S 329°06′W / 28.0°S 329.1°W / -28.0; -329.1 (Tolstoj ) 164 2018 Pamela Lyndon Travers , British writerWGPSN Tsʻai Wen-Chi 23°28′N 23°09′W / 23.47°N 23.15°W / 23.47; -23.15 (Tsʻai Wen-Chi ) 124 1976 Cai Wenji , Chinese poet and composerWGPSN Tsʻao Chan 13°19′S 142°21′W / 13.31°S 142.35°W / -13.31; -142.35 (Tsʻao Chan ) 110 1976 Cao Xueqin , Chinese novelistWGPSN Tsurayuki 62°59′S 20°20′W / 62.99°S 20.34°W / -62.99; -20.34 (Tsurayuki ) 83 1976 Ki no Tsurayuki , Japanese writerWGPSN Tung Yüan 75°01′N 62°50′W / 75.02°N 62.83°W / 75.02; -62.83 (Tung Yüan ) 60.46 1979 Dong Yuan , Chinese artistWGPSN Turgenev 65°41′N 136°16′W / 65.68°N 136.26°W / 65.68; -136.26 (Turgenev ) 136 1979 Ivan Turgenev , Russian writerWGPSN Tyagaraja 3°53′N 148°54′W / 3.89°N 148.9°W / 3.89; -148.9 (Tyagaraja ) 97 1976 Tyāgarāja , Indian composerWGPSN Tryggvadóttir 89°33′N 171°34′W / 89.55°N 171.56°W / 89.55; -171.56 (Tryggvadóttir ) 31 2012 Nína Tryggvadóttir , Icelandic artistWGPSN
Eponym Ref Vālmiki 23°35′S 141°25′W / 23.58°S 141.41°W / -23.58; -141.41 (Vālmiki ) 210 1976 Valmiki , Indian poetWGPSN Van Dijck 75°48′N 166°38′W / 75.8°N 166.63°W / 75.8; -166.63 (Van Dijck ) 101.53 1979 Anthony van Dyck , Flemish artistWGPSN Van Eyck 43°13′N 159°26′W / 43.22°N 159.43°W / 43.22; -159.43 (Van Eyck ) 271 1979 Jan van Eyck , Flemish artistWGPSN Van Gogh 76°53′S 138°41′W / 76.88°S 138.68°W / -76.88; -138.68 (van Gogh ) 99 1976 Vincent van Gogh , Dutch artistWGPSN Varma 80°02′N 18°58′W / 80.04°N 18.97°W / 80.04; -18.97 (Varma ) 30 2013 Raja Ravi Varma , Indian painterWGPSN Vazov 65°24′S 212°20′W / 65.4°S 212.33°W / -65.4; -212.33 (Vazov ) 33 2020 Ivan Vazov , Bulgarian poetWGPSN Velázquez 37°35′N 55°26′W / 37.59°N 55.43°W / 37.59; -55.43 (Velázquez ) 128 1979 Diego Velázquez , Spanish painterWGPSN Verdi 64°22′N 169°43′W / 64.36°N 169.71°W / 64.36; -169.71 (Verdi ) 145 1979 Giuseppe Verdi , Italian composerWGPSN Veronese 5°18′N 55°57′W / 5.3°N 55.95°W / 5.3; -55.95 (Veronese ) 45 2021 Paolo Veronese , Italian painterWGPSN Vieira da Silva 1°32′N 123°25′W / 1.54°N 123.41°W / 1.54; -123.41 (Vieira da Silva ) 274 2013 Maria Helena Vieira da Silva , Portuguese-French painterWGPSN Villa-Lobos 5°16′N 6°47′E / 5.27°N 6.79°E / 5.27; 6.79 (Villa-Lobos ) 67 2015 Heitor Villa-Lobos , Brazilian composerWGPSN Vincente 56°45′S 142°58′W / 56.75°S 142.96°W / -56.75; -142.96 (Vincente ) 108 1979 Gil Vicente , Portuguese writerWGPSN Vivaldi 13°46′N 85°55′W / 13.76°N 85.92°W / 13.76; -85.92 (Vivaldi ) 213 1976 Antonio Vivaldi , Italian composerWGPSN Vlaminck 28°29′N 13°31′W / 28.48°N 13.51°W / 28.48; -13.51 (Vlaminck ) 82 1985 Maurice de Vlaminck , French painterWGPSN Vonnegut 82°43′N 249°55′W / 82.72°N 249.91°W / 82.72; -249.91 (Vlaminck ) 26.61 2017 Kurt Vonnegut , American writerWGPSN Vyāsa 49°47′N 84°37′W / 49.79°N 84.62°W / 49.79; -84.62 (Vyāsa ) 297 1979 Vyasa , Indian poetWGPSN
As on the Moon and Mars , sequences of craters and basins of differing relative ages provide the best means of establishing stratigraphic order on Mercury.[12] [13] [14] Overlap relations among many large mercurian craters and basins are clearer than those on the Moon. Therefore, as this map shows, we can build up many local stratigraphic columns involving both crater or basin materials and nearby plains materials.
Over all of Mercury, the crispness of crater rims and the morphology of their walls, central peaks, ejecta deposits, and secondary-crater fields have undergone systematic changes with time. The youngest craters or basins in a local stratigraphic sequence have the sharpest, crispest appearance. The oldest craters consist only of shallow depressions with slightly raised, rounded rims, some incomplete. On this basis, five age categories of craters and basins have been mapped; the characteristics of each are listed in the explanation. In addition, secondary crater fields are preserved around proportionally far more craters and basins on Mercury than on the Moon or Mars, and are particularly useful in determining overlap relations and degree of modification.
Because only limited photographic evidence was available from Mariner 10 ' s three flybys of the planet, these divisions are often tentative. The five crater groups, from youngest to oldest, are:
c5: Fresh-appearing, sharp-rimmed, rayed craters . Highest albedo in map area; haloes and rays may extend many crater diameters from rim crests. Superposed on all other map units. Generally smaller and fewer than older craters. c4: Fresh but slightly modified craters—Similar in morphology to c5 craters but without bright haloes or rays; sharp rim crests; continuous ejecta blankets; very few superposed secondary craters . Floors consist of crater or smooth plains materials. c3: Modified craters—Rim crest continuous but slightly rounded and subdued. Ejecta blanket generally less extensive than those of younger craters of similar size. Superposed craters and rays common; smooth plains and intermediate plains materials cover floors of many craters. Central peaks more common than in c4 craters, probably because of larger average size of c3 craters. c2: Subdued craters—Low-rimmed, relatively shallow craters, many with discontinuous rim crests. Floors covered by smooth plains and intermediate plains materials. Crater density of ejecta blankets similar to that of intermediate plains material. c1 Degraded craters—Similar to c2 crater material but more deteriorated; many superposed craters. ^ Jump up to: a b The total number of features also includes names that have been dropped or not yet unapproved by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) ^ "IAU - Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature - Mercury" . US Geological Survey . Retrieved March 7, 2014 .^ Jump up to: a b c "Nomenclature Search Results: Mercury > Crater, Craters" . usgs.gov . Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved July 7, 2021 .^ Jump up to: a b "Nomenclature Search Results: Moon > Crater, Craters" . usgs.gov . Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved August 14, 2017 .^ Jump up to: a b "Nomenclature Search Results: Mars > Crater, Craters" . usgs.gov . Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved August 14, 2017 .^ Jump up to: a b "Nomenclature Search Results: Venus > Crater, Craters" . usgs.gov . Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved August 14, 2017 .^ Ritzel, Rebecca (December 20, 2012). "Ballet isn't rocket science, but the two aren't mutually exclusive, either" . Washington Post . Washington DC, United States. Retrieved December 22, 2012 . ^ H-7 text_all.word ^ "Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites" . usgs.gov . Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved August 10, 2017 .^ "Beatles Legend John Lennon Among Those Honored with Mercury Craters" . NASA. December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2013 .^ "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Lennon on Mercury" . International Astronomical Union (IAU). December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2013 .^ Denevi, B. W., Ernst, C. M., Prockter, L. M., and Robinson, M. S., 2018. The Geologic History of Mercury. In Mercury: The View After MESSENGER edited by Sean C. Solomon, Larry R. Nittler, and Brian J. Anderson. Cambridge Planetary Science. Chapter 6. ^ Trask, Newell J.; Daniel Dzurisin (1984). Geologic Map of the Discovery (H-11) Quadrangle of Mercury (PDF) . U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved December 7, 2007 . ^ Pohn, H. A., and Offield, T. W., 1970, Lunar crater morphology and relative-age determination of lunar geologic units—Part 1. Classification: in Geological Survey research 1970, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-C, p. C153–C162. ^ Stuart-Alexander, D. E., and Wilhelms, D. E., 1975, The Nectarian System, a new lunar time-stratigraphic unit: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 3, no. l, p. 53–58. Batson R.M., Russell J.F. (1994), Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature , United States Geological Survey Bulletin 2129 [1] Davies M.E., Dwornik S.E., Gault D.E., Strom R.G. (1978), Atlas of Mercury , NASA Scientific and Technical Information Office [2]
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