Кардифф

Чтобы узнать о других значениях, см. Кардифф (значения) . «Каэрдидд» перенаправляется сюда. Чтобы узнать о сериале, см. Caerdydd (сериал) .

Кардифф Кардифф   ( валлийский ) Карта
Столица и основная территория
Город и округ Кардифф Город и округ Кардифф
Здание Сенедда Уэльский центр тысячелетия Лландаффский собор Кардиффский замок ратуша Национальный музей Центральная библиотека Стадион Княжества
Флаг Герб
Псевдоним(ы): Город замков, Город аркад «Разница»
Девиз(ы): «Красный дракон стартует» (Английский: «Красный дракон укажет путь») С герба на гербе: «Deffro mae'n ddydd!» (Английский: «Проснитесь, наступил день!»)
Город и округ Кардифф и расположение в Уэльсе
Кардифф Расположение в Уэльсе Cardiff Location within the United Kingdom Cardiff Location within Europe Показать карту Уэльса Показать карту Соединенного Королевства Показать карту Европы Показать все
Координаты: 51 ° 29' с.ш., 03 ° 11' з.д.
Суверенное государство	Великобритания
Страна	Уэльс
Церемониальное графство	Южный Гламорган
Историческое графство	Гламорган
Основной район	Кардифф
Местное самоуправление	Кардиффский совет
Статус города	1905
Столица	1955
Пригороды и сообщества	показывать Районы города Adamsdown Bay Birchgrove Butetown Caerau Canton Cathays City Centre Coryton Creigiau Cyncoed Danescourt Ely Fairwater Gabalfa Gate Grangetown Heath Lisvane Llandaff Llandaff North Llanishen Llanrumney Pentrebane Pentwyn Pentyrch Penylan Plasdwr Pontcanna Pontprennau Radyr and Morganstown Rhiwbina Riverside Roath Rumney Splott St Fagans St Mellons Thornhill Tongwynlais Tremorfa Trowbridge Whitchurch
Правительство
• Кардиффского совета Лидер	Хью Томас
• Парламент	показывать Список Cardiff West (Lab) Cardiff South and Penarth (Lab) Cardiff North (Lab) Cardiff Central (Lab)
• Парламент Великобритании	показывать Список Cardiff West (Lab) Cardiff South and Penarth (Lab) Cardiff North (Lab) Cardiff Central (Lab)
Область
• Столица и основная территория	140,3 км 2 (54,2 квадратных миль)
• Городской	75,72 км 2 (29,24 квадратных миль)
Население  (2023)
• Столица и основная территория	372 089 ( 1-е место ) по данным Управления национальной статистики.
• Плотность	2562/км 2 (6640/кв. миль)
• Городской	488,153
• Метро	1 097 000 ( Кардифф-Ньюпорт )
• Кардиффский столичный регион	1 543 293 (восток)
Demonym	Кардиффиан
Этническая принадлежность ( 2021 )
• Этнические группы	показывать Список 79.2% White 9.7% Asian 4.0% Mixed 3.8% Black 3.3% other
Религия (2021)
• Религия	показывать Список 42.9% no religion 38.3% Christianity 9.3% Islam 1.5% Hinduism 0.6% other 0.4% Buddhism 0.4% Sikhism 0.2% Judaism 6.3% not stated
Часовой пояс	UTC0 ( GMT )
• Лето ( летнее время )	UTC+1 ( летнее время )
Почтовые индексы	CF
Коды городов	029
Коды городов транспортных средств	CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, CJ, CK, CL, CM, CN, CO
Полиция	Южный Уэльс
Пожарная служба	Южный Уэльс
Служба скорой помощи	валлийский
Автомагистрали и магистральные дороги
Пригородная железная дорога	Местные маршруты по долинам и Кардиффу
Региональный аэропорт	Кардифф аэропорт
Вертодром	Кардиффская вертолетная площадка
ВВП	долларов США 36,0 млрд
ВВП на душу населения	29 674 доллара США
Веб-сайт	cardiff.gov.uk

Кардифф ( / ˈ k ɑːr d ɪ f / ; валлийский : Caerdydd [kairˈdiːð, kaːɨrˈdɨːð] ) — столица и город Уэльса крупнейший . В 2021 году население Кардиффа составляло 362 310 человек, и он образует основную территорию, официально известную как город и округ Кардифф (валлийский: Dinas a Sir Caerdydd ). Город является одиннадцатым по величине в Соединенном Королевстве . на юго-востоке Уэльса и в столичном регионе Кардифф Кардифф — уездный город исторического графства Гламорган расположенный , а в 1974–1996 годах — Южного Гламоргана, . Он принадлежит к сети Eurocities крупнейших городов Европы. До начала 19 века это был небольшой городок, а его известность как порта по добыче угля, когда в регионе началась добыча угля, способствовала его расширению. В 1905 году он был причислен к городу, а в 1955 году провозглашен столицей Уэльса . Застроенная территория Кардиффа охватывает большую территорию за пределами границы графства, включая города Динас-Поуис и Пенарт .

Кардифф — главный коммерческий центр Уэльса, а также база Сенедда , парламента Уэльса. По переписи 2021 года население территории унитарной власти оценивалось в 362 400 человек. Население городской территории в 2011 году составляло 479 000 человек. В 2011 году он занял шестое место в мире в National Geographic . журнала списке альтернативных туристических направлений Это самое популярное направление в Уэльсе: в 2017 году его посетило 21,3 миллиона человек.

Кардифф — крупный центр теле- и кинопроизводства (например, возрождение «Доктора Кто» в 2005 году , Торчвуд и Шерлок ) и является валлийской базой для основных национальных вещательных компаний.

В Кардиффском заливе находится здание Сенедда и художественный комплекс Уэльского центра тысячелетия . Продолжается работа в Кардиффском заливе и в центре над такими проектами, как Международная спортивная деревня Кардиффа , драматическая деревня BBC , и новый деловой район.

Этимология

Caerdydd ( валлийское название города) происходит от средневалийского Caerdyf . Изменение с -dyf на -dydd показывает разговорное изменение валлийских f [v] и dd [ð] и, возможно, также было вызвано народной этимологией . Это звуковое изменение , вероятно, впервые произошло в средние века ; обе формы были распространены в период Тюдоров . Кердиф берет свое начало от постримских бритонских слов, означающих «форт Тафф » . Форт , вероятно, относится к форту, основанному римлянами . Caer по-валлийски означает «форт», а -dyf, по сути, является формой Тафа (Тафф), реки, протекающей мимо Кардиффского замка, где ⟨t⟩ показывает мутацию согласного на ⟨d⟩ , а гласная указывает на привязанность в результате ( потеряно) окончание родительного падежа .

Англизированный ) Кардифф происходит от Caerdyf , а валлийское f [v] заимствовано как ff / f / , как это также происходит в Taff (от валлийского Taf и Llandaff (от валлийского Llandaf ).

Антиквар Уильям Камден (1551–1623) предположил, что название Кардифф может происходить от * Caer-Didi («Форт Дидия»), названия, предположительно данного в честь Авла Дидия Галла , губернатора соседней провинции в то время, когда был основан римский форт. Пирс , отвергли ее по лингвистическим причинам Хотя некоторые источники повторяют эту теорию, современные ученые, такие как профессор Гвинед .

История

Основные статьи: История Кардиффа и Хронология истории Кардиффа

Происхождение

Археологические данные из мест в Кардиффе и его окрестностях показывают, что люди поселились в этом районе по крайней мере примерно в 6000 году до нашей эры, во время раннего неолита; примерно за 1500 лет до Стоунхенджа или Великой пирамиды в Гизе . завершения строительства К ним относятся погребальная камера Святого Литанса недалеко от Венво (примерно в четырех милях или шести километрах к западу от центра Кардиффа); , погребальная камера Тинкинсвуд недалеко от Святого Николая (примерно в шести милях или десяти километрах к западу от центра Кардиффа), гробница Каэрарфау , Крейгиау (примерно в шести милях или десяти километрах к северо-западу от центра Кардиффа) и длинная Гверн-и-Клеппа Барроу , недалеко от Коедкернью , Ньюпорт (около восьми миль или тринадцати км к северо-востоку от центра Кардиффа). Группа из пяти бронзового века курганов находится на вершине Гарта , на северной границе графства. четыре железного века городища и ограждения В пределах границ графства Кардифф были обнаружены , в том числе холм Каэрау , огороженная территория 5,1 га ( 12 + 1 / 2 сотки).

Передняя стена Кардиффского замка
часть оригинального римского форта под красными камнями

До римского завоевания Британии Кардифф был частью территории силуров – кельтского британского племени , процветавшего в железном веке , – чья территория включала территории, которые впоследствии стали известны как Бреконшир , Монмутшир и Гламорган. площадью 3,2 га (8 акров), Форт основанный римлянами недалеко от устья реки Тафф в 75 году нашей эры, на месте, которое впоследствии стало северо-западной границей центра Кардиффа, был построен на месте обширного поселения, основанного Римляне в 50-х годах нашей эры. Форт был одним из ряда военных аванпостов, связанных с Иской Августой ( Кэрлеон ), которые служили защитой границы. Форт, возможно, был заброшен в начале 2 века, поскольку эта территория была покорена. Однако к этому времени было основано гражданское поселение, или викус . Вероятно, он состоял из торговцев, зарабатывавших на жизнь за счет форта, бывших солдат и их семей. вилла римская была обнаружена В Эли . Современник саксонских береговых фортов III и IV веков, в Кардиффе была построена каменная крепость. Подобно береговым фортам, крепость была построена для защиты Британии от набегов. Монеты времен правления Грациана указывают на то, что Кардифф был заселен по крайней мере до IV века; форт был заброшен ближе к концу IV века, когда последние римские легионы покинули провинцию Британия вместе с Магнусом Максимом .

Мало что известно о форте и гражданском поселении в период между отъездом римлян из Британии и нормандским завоеванием. Поселение, вероятно, уменьшилось в размерах и, возможно, даже было заброшено. В отсутствие римского правления Уэльс был разделен на небольшие королевства; Вначале Мейриг ап Тевдриг стал местным королем Гливисинга (который позже стал Гламорганом ). Эта территория принадлежала его семье до прихода норманнов в 11 веке.

Нормандская оккупация и средневековье

Нормандская крепость

В 1081 году Вильгельм I, король Англии , начал работы по строительству замка в стенах старого римского форта. С тех пор Кардиффский замок является сердцем города. Замок был существенно изменен и расширен в викторианский период Джоном Крайтоном-Стюартом, 3-м маркизом Бьютом и архитектором Уильямом Берджесом . Однако в облицовке стен все еще можно различить оригинальные римские работы.

Под замком вырос город, состоящий в основном из поселенцев из Англии. В средние века в Кардиффе проживало от 1500 до 2000 человек – нормальный размер для валлийского города того периода. Нормана Это был центр владения Марчера Гламоргана. К концу XIII века Кардифф был единственным городом в Уэльсе с населением, превышающим 2000 человек, хотя он оставался относительно небольшим по сравнению с известными городами Англии и продолжал находиться в своих стенах, которые начинались как деревянный частокол в начало 12 века. Он был достаточно большим и важным, чтобы получить ряд грамот, особенно в 1331 году от Уильяма Ла Зуша, лорда Гламоргана, в результате брака с семьей де Клер . Эдуард III в 1359 году, затем Генрих IV в 1400 году, и позже Генрих VI .

В 1404 году Оуайн Глиндур сжёг Кардифф и завладел замком. Поскольку многие здания были деревянными и плотно располагались внутри городских стен, большая часть Кардиффа была разрушена. Поселение вскоре было перестроено по тому же плану улицы и снова начало процветать. (Статуя Глиндура была установлена ​​в ратуше Кардиффа в начале 20 века, что отражает сложную, часто противоречивую культурную самобытность Кардиффа как столицы Уэльса.) Помимо того, что Кардифф играл важную политическую роль в управлении плодородной прибрежной равниной южного Гламоргана, Кардифф был оживленный порт в средние века, объявленный основным портом в 1327 году.

Город графства Гламорганшир

Вид на замок Кердифф

Старая ратуша Кардиффа (1860 г.)

В 1536 году Законы Уэльса (Акты 1535–1542 годов) привели к созданию Гламорганшира, а Кардифф стал уездным городом , он также стал частью Кибборской сотни . примерно в то же время Герберты стали самой влиятельной семьей в этом районе. В 1538 году Генрих VIII монастыри Кардиффа закрыл доминиканский и францисканский , остатки которых использовались в качестве строительных материалов. Писатель того периода заметил: «Река Тафф протекает под стенами его почетного замка и от северной части города к южной части, где есть прекрасная пристань и безопасная гавань для судоходства».

Кардифф стал городком в 1542 году. и дальнейшие Королевские хартии были дарованы ему Елизаветой I в 1600 году. и Яков I в 1608 году. В 1573 году он стал главным портом для сбора таможенных пошлин. из Пембрукшира Историк Джордж Оуэн описал Кардифф в 1602 году как «самый красивый город в Уэльсе, но не самый богатый». В 1608 году он получил вторую Королевскую хартию.

Джона Спида 1610 года. Карта Кардиффа

Катастрофическое наводнение в Бристольском проливе 30 января 1607 года (теперь считается, что это была приливная волна). изменил русло реки Тафф и разрушил приходскую церковь Святой Марии , которую заменила часовня, посвященная святому Иоанну Крестителю.

Во время Второй гражданской войны в Англии в Сент-Фагансе , расположенном к западу от города, битва при Сент-Фагансе между повстанцами -роялистами и отрядом армии Новой модели стала решающей победой парламентариев, которая позволила Оливеру Кромвелю завоевать Уэльс. Это было последнее крупное сражение в Уэльсе, в котором погибло около 200 солдат, в основном роялистов.

В течение всего последующего столетия в Кардиффе царил мир. В 1766 году Джон Стюарт, 1-й маркиз Бьют женился на семье Гербертов и позже получил титул барона Кардиффа . В 1778 году он начал реконструкцию Кардиффского замка. Ипподром открылись в 1790 - , типография , банк и кофейня х годах, и Кардифф получил дилижанс до Лондона. Несмотря на эти улучшения, положение Кардиффа в городской иерархии Уэльса в 18 веке ухудшилось. Иоло Моргануг назвал его «темным и незначительным местом», а перепись 1801 года выявила, что население составляет всего 1870 человек, что делает его лишь 25-м по величине городом в Уэльсе, значительно уступая Мертиру и Суонси .

Строительство доков

Основная статья: Доки Кардиффа

В 1793 году Джон Крайтон-Стюарт, 2-й маркиз Бьют родился . Он посвятил свою жизнь строительству доков Кардиффа, а позже был провозглашен «создателем современного Кардиффа». Лодочное сообщение между Кардиффом и Бристолем дважды в неделю открылось в 1815 году. а в 1821 году был основан Кардиффский газовый завод.

После наполеоновских войн Кардифф пережил некоторые социальные и промышленные волнения, начиная с суда и повешения Дика Пендерина в 1831 году.

Юбилейный причал, Кардифф, с восточной стороны (1849 г.)

Город быстро рос с 1830-х годов, когда маркиз Бьют построил причал , который в конечном итоге соединился с железной дорогой Тафф-Вейл . Кардифф стал основным портом для экспорта угля из долин Кинон , Ронда и Римни , а в период с 1840 по 1870 год его население росло почти на 80 процентов за десятилетие. Во многом это было связано с миграцией изнутри и за пределами Уэльса: в 1841 году четверть населения Кардиффа были англичанами и более 10 процентов родились в Ирландии. По переписи 1881 года Кардифф обогнал Мертир и Суонси и стал крупнейшим городом Уэльса. Статус Кардиффа как главного города Южного Уэльса был подтвержден, когда в 1883 году он был выбран местом размещения Университетского колледжа Южного Уэльса и Монмутшира .

Постоянное военное присутствие было установлено после завершения строительства казарм Майнди в 1877 году.

Кардифф столкнулся с проблемой в 1880-х годах, когда Дэвид Дэвис из Лландинама и железнодорожной компании Барри продвигал конкурирующие доки в Барри . Их преимущество заключалось в том, что они были доступны во все времена : Дэвид Дэвис утверждал, что его предприятие приведет к тому, что «на улицах Кардиффа вырастет трава». С 1901 года экспорт угля из Барри превосходил экспорт угля из Кардиффа, но управление торговлей углем оставалось сосредоточенным в Кардиффе, в частности на его Угольной бирже , где определялась цена на уголь на британском рынке и была заключена первая сделка на миллион фунтов стерлингов. 1907. Город также укрепил свою промышленную базу, когда владельцы металлургического завода Dowlais в Мертире (которые позже войдут в состав компаний Guest, Keen и Nettlefolds ) построили сталелитейный завод недалеко от доков в Ист-Мурс, который лорд Бьют открыл 4 февраля 1891 года.

Округ Кардифф

Cardiff became a county borough on 1 April 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. The town had grown rapidly and had a population of over 123,000. It retained its county borough status until 1974.

City and capital city status

St John the Baptist Church, Cardiff, the only medieval building next to Cardiff Castle to still be in city centre. Seen here in 1852

National Museum of Wales, Cardiff

King Edward VII granted Cardiff city status on 28 October 1905. It acquired a Roman Catholic cathedral in 1916. Later, more national institutions came to the city, including the National Museum of Wales, the Welsh National War Memorial, and the University of Wales Registry Building, but it was denied the National Library of Wales, partly because the library's founder, Sir John Williams, considered Cardiff to have "a non-Welsh population".

After a brief post-war boom, Cardiff docks entered a prolonged decline in the interwar period. By 1936, trade was at less than half its value in 1913, reflecting the slump in demand for Welsh coal. Bomb damage in the Cardiff Blitz of World War II included the devastation of Llandaff Cathedral, and in the immediate postwar years, the city's link with the Bute family came to an end.

The city was recognised as the capital city of Wales on 20 December 1955, in a written reply by the Home Secretary, Gwilym Lloyd George. Caernarfon had also vied for the title. Welsh local authorities had been divided: only 76 out of 161 chose Cardiff in a 1924 poll organised by the South Wales Daily News. The subject was not debated again until 1950, and meanwhile Cardiff took steps to promote its "Welshness". The stalemate between Cardiff and cities such as Caernarfon and Aberystwyth was not broken until Cardiganshire County Council decided to support Cardiff; and in a new local authority vote, 134 out of 161 voted for Cardiff.

Cardiff therefore celebrated two important anniversaries in 2005. The Encyclopedia of Wales notes that the decision to recognise the city as the capital of Wales "had more to do with the fact that it contained marginal Conservative constituencies than any reasoned view of what functions a Welsh capital should have." Although the city hosted the Commonwealth Games in 1958, Cardiff only became a centre of national administration with the establishment of the Welsh Office in 1964, which later prompted the creation of various other public bodies such as the Arts Council of Wales and the Welsh Development Agency, most of which were based in Cardiff.

Redevelopment in the city's historic Cardiff Bay area

The East Moors Steelworks closed in 1978 and Cardiff lost population in the 1980s, consistent with a wider pattern of counter-urbanisation in Britain. However, it recovered to become one of the few cities outside London where population grew in the 1990s. During this period the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation was promoting the redevelopment of south Cardiff; an evaluation of the regeneration of Cardiff Bay published in 2004 concluded that the project had "reinforced the competitive position of Cardiff" and "contributed to a massive improvement in the quality of the built environment, although it had "failed "to attract the major inward investors originally anticipated".

In the 1997 Welsh devolution referendum, Cardiff voters rejected the establishment of the National Assembly for Wales by 55.4% to 44.2% on a 47% turnout, which Denis Balsom partly ascribed to a general preference in Cardiff and some other parts of Wales for a British rather than exclusively Welsh identity. The relative lack of local support for the Assembly and difficulties between the Welsh Office and Cardiff Council in acquiring the originally preferred venue, Cardiff City Hall, encouraged other local authorities to bid to house the Assembly. However, the Assembly was eventually located at Tŷ Hywel in Cardiff Bay in 1999. In 2005, a new debating chamber on an adjacent site, designed by Richard Rogers, was opened.

Government

Main article: Politics in Cardiff

See also: Cardiff Council and Senedd

Offices of the Welsh and UK governments in Cardiff

The HQ of the Welsh Government in the Crown Buildings, Cathays Park, Cardiff

The HQ of the UK Government's Secretary of State for Wales in William Morgan House

The Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru) has been based in Cardiff Bay since its formation in 1999 as the "National Assembly for Wales". The Senedd building was opened on 1 March 2006 by The Queen. The Members of the Senedd (MSs), the Senedd Commission and ministerial support staff are based in Cardiff Bay.

Cardiff elects four constituency Members of the Senedd to the Senedd; the constituencies for the Senedd are the same as for the UK Parliament. All of the city's electors have an extra vote for the South Wales Central regional members; this system increases proportionality to the Senedd. The most recent Senedd general election was held on 6 May 2021.

In the Senedd, Cardiff is represented by Jenny Rathbone (Labour) in Cardiff Central, Julie Morgan (Labour) in Cardiff North, Former First Minister Mark Drakeford (Labour) in Cardiff West and Current First Minister of Wales Vaughan Gething (Labour) in Cardiff South and Penarth.

Map of the four constituencies covering Cardiff (in pink) since 2024. 1 = Cardiff West, 2 = Cardiff North, 3 = Cardiff South and Penarth, 4 = Cardiff East.

At Westminster, Cardiff is represented by four constituencies: Cardiff East, Cardiff North, Cardiff South and Penarth, and Cardiff West.

The Welsh Government is headquartered in Cardiff's Cathays Park, where most of its civil servants are based, with smaller numbers in other central locations: Cathays, Canton, and Cardiff Bay. There are other Welsh Government offices in other parts of Wales, such as Llandudno and Aberystwyth, and there are international offices.

Local government

Cardiff Council buildings

City Hall

County Hall, the head office

Between 1889 and 1974 Cardiff was a county borough governed by Cardiff County Borough Council (known as Cardiff City Council after 1905). Between 1974 and 1996, Cardiff was governed by Cardiff City Council, a district council of South Glamorgan. Since local government reorganisation in 1996, Cardiff has been governed by the City and County Council of Cardiff, based at County Hall in Atlantic Wharf, Cardiff Bay. Voters elect 75 councillors every four years.

Between the 2004 and 2012 local elections, no individual political party held a majority on Cardiff County Council. The Liberal Democrats held the largest number of seats and Cllr Rodney Berman was Leader of the council. The Liberal Democrats and Plaid Cymru formed a partnership administration. In the 2012 elections the Labour Party achieved an outright majority, after gaining an additional 33 seats across the city.

Cardiff is divided into communities, several with their own community council and the rest governed directly by Cardiff City Council. Elections are held every five years. The last contested elections would have been held at the same time as the 2017 Cardiff Council election had there been more candidates standing than available seats. Those with community councils are:

• Lisvane (10 seats)
• Old St. Mellons (9 seats)
• Pentyrch (13 seats)
• Radyr & Morganstown (13 seats)
• Tongwynlais (9 seats)
• St Fagans (9 seats)

Geography

Main article: Geography of Cardiff

The centre of Cardiff is relatively flat and bounded by hills to the east, north and west. Its location influenced its development as the world's largest coal port, notably its proximity and easy access to the coalfields of the South Wales Valleys. The highest point in the local authority area is Garth Hill, 307 m (1,007 ft) above sea level.

Cardiff is built on reclaimed marshland on a bed of Triassic stones. This reclaimed marshland stretches from Chepstow to the Ely Estuary, which is the natural boundary of Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan. Triassic landscapes of this part of the world are usually shallow and low-lying, consistent with the flatness of the centre of Cardiff. The classic Triassic marl, sand and conglomerate rocks are used predominantly throughout Cardiff as building materials. Many of these Triassic rocks are purplish, especially the coastal marl found near Penarth. One of the Triassic rocks used in Cardiff is "Radyr Stone", a freestone which as its name suggests is quarried in the Radyr district. Cardiff has also imported some materials for buildings: Devonian sandstones (the Old Red Sandstone) from the Brecon Beacons has been used. Most famously, the buildings of Cathays Park, the civic centre in the centre of the city, are built of Portland stone from Dorset. A widely used building stone in Cardiff is the yellow-grey Liassic limestone rock of the Vale of Glamorgan, including the rare "Sutton Stone", a conglomerate of lias limestone and carboniferous limestone.

Cardiff is bordered to the west by the rural district of the Vale of Glamorgan, also known as the Garden of Cardiff, to the east by the city of Newport; to the north by the South Wales Valleys, and to the south by the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. The River Taff winds through the city centre and together with the River Ely flows into the freshwater Cardiff Bay. A third river, the Rhymney, flows through the east of the city directly into the Severn Estuary.

Cardiff lies near the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, stretching westward from Penarth and Barry – commuter towns of Cardiff – with striped yellow-blue Jurassic limestone cliffs. The Glamorgan coast is the only part of the Celtic Sea with exposed Jurassic (blue lias) geology. This stretch of coast with its reefs, sandbanks and serrated cliffs was a ship graveyard; many ships sailing to Cardiff during the industrial era were wrecked on this hostile coastline during west/south-westerly gales. Smuggling, deliberate shipwrecking and attacks on ships were also common.

Cityscape

See also: List of places in Cardiff

Overlooking Cardiff Bay, viewed from Penarth

Cathays Library

The dock feeder canal
Atlantic Wharf

"Inner Cardiff" consists of the wards of Plasnewydd, Gabalfa, Roath, Cathays, Adamsdown and Splott ward on the north and east of the city centre, and Butetown, Grangetown, Riverside and Canton to the south and west. The inner-city areas to the south of the A4161 road, known as the "Southern Arc", are with the exception of Cardiff Bay some of the poorest districts of Wales, with low levels of economic activity. On the other hand, Gabalfa, Plasnewydd and Cathays north of the 'arc' have large student populations, and Pontcanna (north of Riverside and alongside Canton) is a favourite for students and young professionals. Penylan, to the north east of Roath Park, is an affluent area popular with older parents and the retired.

To the west lie Ely and Caerau, which have some of the largest housing estates in the United Kingdom. With the exception of some outlying privately built estates at Michaelston-super-Ely, this is an economically disadvantaged area with high numbers of unemployed households. Culverhouse Cross is a more affluent western area of the city. Fairwater, Heath, Birchgrove, Gabalfa, Mynachdy, Llandaff North, Llandaff, Llanishen, Radyr, Whitchurch & Tongwynlais, Rhiwbina, Thornhill, Lisvane and Cyncoed lie in an arc from the north-west to the north-east of the centre. Lisvane, Cyncoed, Radyr and Rhiwbina contain some of the most expensive housing in Wales.

Further east lie the wards of Pontprennau and Old St Mellons, Rumney, Pentwyn, Llanrumney, Llanedeyrn and Trowbridge. The last four are largely public housing stock, although much new private housing is being built in Trowbridge. Pontprennau is the newest "suburb" of Cardiff, while Old St Mellons has a history going back to the 11th-century Norman Conquest. The region that may be called "Rural Cardiff" contains the villages of St Fagans, Creigiau, Pentyrch, Tongwynlais and Gwaelod-y-garth. In 2017, plans were approved for a new suburb of 7,000 homes between Radyr and St Fagans, known as Plasdŵr. St Fagans, home to the Museum of Welsh Life, is protected from further development.

Since 2000, there has been a marked change of scale and building height in Cardiff, with the development of the city centre's first purpose-built high-rise apartments. Tall buildings have been built in the city centre and Cardiff Bay, and more are planned.

Climate

See also: Climate of the United Kingdom § Wales

Cardiff
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     122     8 2     85     9 2     90     11 4     69     14 5     72     17 8     67     20 11     78     22 13     93     22 13     94     19 11     134     15 8     123     11 5     125     9 3 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: Met Office, 1981–2010 averages
showImperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     4.8     47 36     3.4     47 36     3.5     52 39     2.7     57 41     2.8     63 47     2.6     68 52     3.1     71 56     3.7     71 55     3.7     66 51     5.3     59 46     4.9     52 40     4.9     48 37 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Cardiff, in the north temperate zone, has a maritime climate (Köppen: Cfb) marked by mild weather that is often cloudy, wet and windy. Summers tend to be warm and sunny, with average maxima between 19 and 22 °C (66 and 72 °F). Winters are fairly wet, but excessive rainfall as well as frost are rare. Spring and autumn feel similar and the temperatures tend to stay above 14 °C (57 °F) – also the average annual daytime temperature. Rain is unpredictable at any time of year, although showers tend to be shorter in summer.

The northern part of the county, being higher and inland, tends to be cooler and wetter than the city centre.

Cardiff's maximum and minimum monthly temperatures average 21.5 °C (70.7 °F) (July) and 2.1 °C (35.8 °F) (February).
For Wales, the temperatures average 19.1 °C (66.4 °F) (July) and 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) (February).

Cardiff has 1,518 hours of sunshine in an average year (Wales 1,388.7 hours). Cardiff is sunniest in July, with an average 203.4 hours during the month (Wales 183.3 hours), and least sunny in December with 44.6 hours (Wales 38.5 hours).

Cardiff experiences less rainfall than average for Wales. It falls on 146 days in an average year, with total annual rainfall of 1,151.9 mm (45.35 in). Monthly rainfall patterns show that from October to January, average monthly rainfall in Cardiff exceeds 100 mm (3.9 in) each month, the wettest month being December with 125.3 mm (4.93 in) and the driest from April to June, with average monthly rainfall fairly consistent between 65 and 75 mm (2.6 and 3.0 in).

hideClimate data for Cardiff (Bute Park) WMO ID: 99610; coordinates 51°29′17″N 3°11′19″W; elevation: 9 m (30 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1913–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	15.0 (59.0)	18.3 (64.9)	21.6 (70.9)	26.9 (80.4)	28.9 (84.0)	32.1 (89.8)	33.6 (92.5)	34.5 (94.1)	29.7 (85.5)	27.1 (80.8)	18.7 (65.7)	16.7 (62.1)	34.5 (94.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	8.6 (47.5)	9.2 (48.6)	11.3 (52.3)	14.4 (57.9)	17.4 (63.3)	20.1 (68.2)	21.8 (71.2)	21.4 (70.5)	19.1 (66.4)	15.3 (59.5)	11.6 (52.9)	9.1 (48.4)	15.0 (59.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	5.6 (42.1)	5.9 (42.6)	7.6 (45.7)	10.1 (50.2)	13.0 (55.4)	15.7 (60.3)	17.5 (63.5)	17.2 (63.0)	14.9 (58.8)	11.7 (53.1)	8.3 (46.9)	6.0 (42.8)	11.1 (52.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	2.5 (36.5)	2.5 (36.5)	3.9 (39.0)	5.7 (42.3)	8.5 (47.3)	11.1 (52.0)	13.1 (55.6)	12.9 (55.2)	10.7 (51.3)	8.0 (46.4)	4.9 (40.8)	2.8 (37.0)	7.3 (45.1)
Record low °C (°F)	−16.7 (1.9)	−11.1 (12.0)	−8.9 (16.0)	−4.8 (23.4)	−2.0 (28.4)	1.0 (33.8)	4.5 (40.1)	3.6 (38.5)	0.5 (32.9)	−3.4 (25.9)	−8.7 (16.3)	−10.1 (13.8)	−16.7 (1.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	127.0 (5.00)	93.0 (3.66)	85.3 (3.36)	72.1 (2.84)	78.5 (3.09)	73.5 (2.89)	83.6 (3.29)	104.8 (4.13)	86.3 (3.40)	129.1 (5.08)	130.7 (5.15)	139.6 (5.50)	1,203.5 (47.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	15.6	12.0	12.3	10.7	11.2	10.4	11.2	12.4	11.8	15.0	15.6	15.2	153.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours	53.5	76.2	116.6	177.0	198.4	195.2	199.6	185.3	151.9	103.9	65.0	50.4	1,573
Source 1: Met Office Ordnance Survey
Source 2: KNMI Starlings Roost Weather

Demography

Main article: Demographics of Cardiff

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1801	6,342	—
1851	26,630	+319.9%
1861	48,965	+83.9%
1871	71,301	+45.6%
1881	93,637	+31.3%
1891	142,114	+51.8%
1901	172,629	+21.5%
1911	209,804	+21.5%
1921	227,753	+8.6%
1931	247,270	+8.6%
1941	257,112	+4.0%
1951	267,356	+4.0%
1961	278,552	+4.2%
1971	290,227	+4.2%
1981	274,500	−5.4%
1991	272,557	−0.7%
2001	292,150	+7.2%
2011	346,100	+18.5%
2021	362,400	+4.7%
Source: Vision of Britain except 2011, which is the 2011 census data from the Office for National Statistics. Historical populations are calculated with the modern boundaries

After a period of decline in the 1970s and 1980s, Cardiff's population is growing again. It reached 362,400 in the 2021 census, compared to a 2011 census figure of 346,100. Between mid-2007 and mid-2008, Cardiff was the fastest-growing local authority in Wales, with growth of 1.2%. According to 2001 census data, Cardiff was the 21st largest urban area. The Cardiff Larger Urban Zone (a Eurostat definition including the Vale of Glamorgan and a number of local authorities in the Valleys) has 841,600 people, the 10th largest LUZ in the UK. The Cardiff and South Wales Valleys metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1.1 million.

Residential areas of northern Cardiff

Official census estimates of the city's total population have been disputed. The city council published two articles arguing that the 2001 census seriously under-reported the population of Cardiff, and in particular the ethnic minority population of some inner city areas.

The Welsh Government's official mid-year estimate of the population of the Cardiff local authority area in 2019 was 366,903. At the 2011, census the official population of the Cardiff Built Up Area (BUA) was put at 447,287. The BUA is not contiguous with the local authority boundary and aggregates data at a lower level; for Cardiff this includes the urban part of Cardiff, Penarth/Dinas Powys, Caerphilly and Pontypridd.

Cardiff has an ethnically diverse population due to past trading connections, post-war immigration and large numbers of foreign students who attend university in the city. The ethnic make-up of Cardiff's population at the 2011 census was: 84.7% White, 1.6% mixed White and Black African/Caribbean, 0.7% mixed White and Asian, 0.6% mixed other, 8.1% Asian, 2.4% Black, 1.4% Arab and 0.6% other ethnic groups. This means almost 53,000 people from a non-white ethnic group reside in the city. This diversity, especially that of the city's long-established African and Arab communities, has been recorded in cultural exhibitions and events, along with books published on this subject.

Health

Main article: Cardiff and Vale University Health Board

University Hospital of Wales

There are seven NHS hospitals in the city, the largest being the University Hospital of Wales, which is the third largest hospital in the UK and deals with most accidents and emergencies. The University Dental Hospital, which provides emergency treatment, is also located on this site. Llandough Hospital is located in the south of the city.

St. David's Hospital, the city's newest hospital, built behind the former building, is located in Canton and provides services for the elderly and children. Cardiff Royal Infirmary is on Newport Road, near the city centre. The majority of this hospital was closed in 1999, but the west wing remained open for clinic services, genitourinary medicine and rehabilitation treatment. Rookwood Hospital and the Velindre Cancer Centre are also located within Cardiff. They are administered by the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, with the exception of Velindre, which is run by a separate trust. Spire Healthcare, a private hospital, is in Pontprennau.

Language

See also: Cardiff dialect

Bilingual signs are commonplace in Cardiff.

Cardiff has a chequered linguistic history with Welsh, English, Latin, Norse and Norman French preponderant at different times. Welsh was the majority language in Cardiff from the 13th century until the city's explosive growth in the Victorian era. As late as 1850, five of the 12 Anglican churches within the current city boundaries conducted their services exclusively in Welsh, while only two worshipped exclusively in English. By 1891, the percentage of Welsh speakers had fallen to 27.9% and only Lisvane, Llanedeyrn and Creigiau remained as majority Welsh-speaking communities. The Welsh language became grouped around a small cluster of chapels and churches, the most notable of which is Tabernacl in the city centre, one of four UK churches chosen to hold official services to commemorate the new millennium.

The city's first Welsh-language school (Ysgol Gymraeg Bryntaf) was established in the 1950s. Welsh has since regained ground. Aided by Welsh-medium education and migration from other parts of Wales, there are now many more Welsh speakers: their numbers doubled between the 1991 and 2011 censuses, from 18,071 (6.6%) to 36,735 (11.1%) residents aged three years and above. The LSOA (Lower Layer Super Output Area) with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers in the city centre is found in Canton, at 25.5%. The LSOA with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers in the whole of Cardiff is Whitchurch, at 26%.

Cardiff City Council adopted a five-year Welsh-language strategy in 2017, aimed at increasing the number of Welsh speakers (aged 3+) in Cardiff by 15.9%, from 36,735 in 2011 to 42,584 residents by the 2021 Census. The ONS estimated that in December 2020, 89,900 (24.8%) of Cardiff's population could speak Welsh.

In addition to English and Welsh, the diversity of Cardiff's population (including foreign students) means that many other languages are spoken. One study has found that Cardiff has speakers of at least 94 languages, with Somali, Urdu, Bengali and Arabic being the most commonly spoken foreign ones.

The modern Cardiff accent is distinct from that of nearby South Wales Valleys. It is marked primarily by:

• Substitution of ⟨iə⟩ by ⟨jøː⟩
• here [hiːə] pronounced as [(h)jøː] in the broader form
• The vowel of start may be realised as [æː] or even [ɛː], so that Cardiff is pronounced [ˈkæːdɪf].

Language schools

Due to its diversity and large student population, more people now come to the city to learn English. Foreign students from Arab states and other European countries are a common sight on the streets of Cardiff. The British Council has an office in the city centre and there are six accredited schools in the area.

Religion

Main articles: Christianity in Wales and Religion in Wales

Cardiff's cathedrals

Llandaff Cathedral, an Anglican cathedral, the parish church of Llandaff, the seat of the Bishop of Llandaff, the head of the Church in Wales

Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral, a Catholic cathedral, the seat of the Archbishop of Cardiff

Religion in Cardiff (2021)

  No religion (42.9%)

  Christianity (38.3%)

  Islam (9.3%)

  Hinduism (1.5%)

  Buddhism (0.4%)

  Sikhism (0.4%)

  Judaism (0.2%)

  Other religion (0.6%)

  Not stated (6.3%)

Since 1922, Cardiff has included Llandaff within its boundary, along with the Anglican Llandaff Cathedral, the parish church of Llandaff and the seat of the Bishop of Llandaff, head of the Church in Wales and the Diocese of Llandaff.

There is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city. Since 1916, Cardiff has been the seat of a Catholic archbishop, but there appears to have been a fall in the estimated Catholic population, with numbers in 2006 around 25,000 fewer than in 1980. Likewise, the Jewish population appears to have fallen – there are two synagogues in Cardiff, one in Cyncoed and one in Moira Terrace, as opposed to seven at the turn of the 20th century. There are several nonconformist chapels, an early 20th century Greek Orthodox church and 11 mosques. In the 2001 census, 66.9% of Cardiff's population described itself as Christian, a percentage point below the Welsh and UK averages.

The oldest of the non-Christian communities in Wales is Judaism. Jews were not permitted to live in England and Wales between the 1290 Edict of Expulsion and the 17th century. A Welsh Jewish community was re-established in the 18th century. There was once a fairly substantial Jewish population in South Wales, most of which has disappeared. The Orthodox Jewish community congregations are consolidated in the Cardiff United Synagogue in Cyncoed, which was dedicated by Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks in 2003. The Cardiff Reform Synagogue is in Adamsdown.

Shah Jalal Mosque on Crwys Road, Cardiff. Built in 1899 as a Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel; a mosque since 1990.

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Grangetown is the first and largest Hindu temple in Wales.

Sri Dasmais Singh Sabha Gurdwara, Bhatra Sikh centre, Riverside

Cardiff's Muslim population is much above the Welsh average and the longest established in the UK, being started by Yemeni and Somali sailors settling in the 19th century. Cardiff now has over 11,000 Muslims with various national affiliations – nearly 52 per cent of the Muslim population in Wales.

The proportion of Cardiff residents declaring themselves Hindu, Sikh and Jewish were all considerably higher than the Welsh averages, but lower than the UK figures. The city has had a Hindu community since Indian immigrants settled in the 1950s and 1960s. The first Hindu temple in the city was opened in Grangetown on 6 April 1979 on the site of an abandoned synagogue. The 25th anniversary of the founding was celebrated in September 2007 with a parade of over 3,000 people through the city centre, including Hindus from across the United Kingdom and members of Cardiff's other religious communities. There are over 2,000 Hindus in Cardiff, worshiping at three temples.

In the 2001 census 18.8% of the city's population stated they had no religion, while 8.6% did not state a religion.

Economy

Main article: Economy and industry of Cardiff

The Coal Exchange

As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy. Though the population of Cardiff is about 10% of the Welsh population, the economy of Cardiff makes up nearly 20% of Welsh GDP and 40% of the city's workforce are daily in-commuters from the surrounding South Wales area.

Industry has played a major part in Cardiff's development for many centuries. The main catalyst for its transformation from a small town into a big city was the demand for coal required in making iron and later steel, brought to sea by packhorse from Merthyr Tydfil. This was first achieved by building a 25-mile (40 km) canal from Merthyr (510 ft or 160 m above sea level) to the Taff Estuary at Cardiff. Eventually the Taff Vale Railway replaced the canal barges and massive marshalling yards sprang up as new docks were developed in Cardiff – all prompted by the soaring worldwide demand for coal from the South Wales valleys.

At its peak, Cardiff's port area, known as Tiger Bay, became the busiest port in the world and – for some time – the world's most important coal port. In the years leading up to the First World War, more than 10 million tonnes of coal was exported annually from Cardiff Docks. In 1907, Cardiff's Coal Exchange was the first host to a business deal for a million pounds Sterling. The high demand for Welsh coal and specifically Welsh artificial fuel, named Patent Fuel, is shown by the numerous factories producing this fuel, with the same recipe, in the region of Cardiff. Most well known factories were the Star Patent fuel Co., the Crown Patent fuel, the Cardiff Patent fuel etc. After a period of decline, due to low demand on coal, Cardiff's port has started to grow again – over 3 million tonnes of cargo passed through the docks in 2007.

The 26-storey Bridge Street Exchange at 85 m (279 ft) in height, is the tallest building in Cardiff.

Cardiff today is the main finance and business services centre in Wales, with strong representation of finance and business services in the local economy. This sector, combined with the public administration, education and health sectors, have accounted for about 75% of Cardiff's economic growth since 1991. The city was recently placed seventh overall in the top 50 European cities in the fDI 2008 Cities of the Future list published by the fDi magazine, and ranked seventh in terms of attracting foreign investment. Notable companies such as Legal & General, Admiral Insurance, HBOS, Zurich, ING Direct, The AA, Principality Building Society, 118118, British Gas, Brains, SWALEC Energy and BT, all operate large national or regional headquarters and contact centres in the city, some of them based in Cardiff's office towers such as Capital Tower and Brunel House. Other major employers include NHS Wales and the Senedd. On 1 March 2004, Cardiff was granted Fairtrade City status.

Cardiff is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United Kingdom, receiving 18.3 million visitors in 2010 and generating £852 million for the city's economy. One result is that one in five employees in Cardiff is based in the distribution, hotels and restaurants sector, highlighting the growing retail and tourism industries in the city. The city has many hotels of varying sizes and standards, providing almost 9,000 available beds.

The BBC Cymru Wales estate in Cardiff

BBC New Broadcasting House

BBC Roath Lock Studios

Cardiff is home to the Welsh media and a large media sector with BBC Cymru Wales, S4C and ITV Wales all having studios in the city. There is a large independent TV production industry sector of over 600 companies, employing around 6,000, with a turnover estimated at £350 million. Just to the north-west of the city, in Rhondda Cynon Taff, the first completely new film studios in the UK for 30 years are being built, to be named Valleywood. The studios are set to be the biggest in the UK. In 2011 the BBC completed the Roath Lock studios in Cardiff Bay to film dramas such as Casualty, Doctor Who, and Pobol y Cwm.

Cardiff has several regeneration projects, such as St David's 2 Centre and surrounding areas of the city centre, and the £1.4 billion International Sports Village in Cardiff Bay, which played a part in the London 2012 Olympics. It features the only Olympic-standard swimming pool in Wales, the Cardiff International Pool, which opened on 12 January 2008.

According to the Welsh Rugby Union, the Principality Stadium contributed £1 billion to the Welsh economy in the ten years after it opened in 1999, with around 85% of that staying in the Cardiff area.

Shopping

See also: List of shopping arcades in Cardiff

St. David's in The Hayes is the largest shopping centre in Wales.

Most of Cardiff's shopping portfolio is in the city centre around Queen Street, St Mary Street and High Street, with large suburban retail parks in Cardiff Bay, Culverhouse Cross, Leckwith, Newport Road and Pontprennau, together with markets in the city centre and Splott. A £675 million regeneration programme for Cardiff's St. David's Centre was completed in 2009, providing a total of 1,400,000 sq ft (130,000 m²) of shopping space, making it one of the largest shopping centres in the United Kingdom. The centre was named the international shopping centre of the year in 2010 by Retail Leisure International (RLI).

Queen Street, one of Cardiff's main shopping areas

The Castle Quarter is a commercial area in the north of the city centre, which includes some of Cardiff's Victorian and Edwardian arcades: Castle Arcade, Morgan Arcade and Royal Arcade, and principal shopping streets: St Mary Street, High Street, The Hayes, and Queen Street.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Cardiff

Rail

Main article: Rail transport in Cardiff

Cardiff Central railway station is the largest railway station in Wales, with nine platforms coping with over 12.5 million passengers a year. It provides direct services to Bridgend and Newport, long-distance, cross-Wales services to Wrexham and Holyhead, and services to Bristol, Birmingham, Manchester and London. Cardiff Central Station is situated within the southern border of what was known Temperance Town, a former residential area within central Cardiff.

Cardiff Queen Street railway station is the second busiest in Wales and the hub for the Valley Lines services that connect the South Wales Valleys and the Cardiff suburbs with the city centre. It is located at the eastern end of the city centre and provides services to Cardiff Bay. Cardiff has a suburban rail system known as the Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes, operated by Transport for Wales. There are eight lines that serve 20 stations in the city, 26 in the wider urban area (including Taffs Well, Penarth and Dinas Powys) and more than 60 in the South Wales valleys and the Vale of Glamorgan.

Metro

The South Wales Metro is an integrated public transport system under development in south-east Wales, centered on Cardiff. The project is to include the electrification of some of the existing railway lines and the creation of multiple light rail and light rapid transit lines. Four lines are under construction with a further three planned. The first lines will link Penarth and Cardiff Bay to Radyr, Treherbert, Aberdare and Merthyr Tydfil, with plans to also serve Pontyclun, St Mellons and Porth Teigr. Alongside this, current commuter services will be improved with a near-tripling in capacity on some routes to Bridgend and Rhymney.

Air

Main articles: Cardiff Airport and Cardiff Heliport

Domestic and international air links to Cardiff and South & West Wales are provided from Cardiff Airport (CWL), the only international airport in Wales. The airport lies in the village of Rhoose, 10 miles (16 km) west of the city. There are regular bus services linking the airport with Cardiff city centre, and a train service from Rhoose Cardiff International Airport railway station to Cardiff Central.

Road and bus

Main article: Bus transport in Cardiff

The M4 motorway connects Cardiff with Swansea to the west and Newport and London to the east, with four junctions on the M4, including one with the A48(M). The A470 provides an important link from the city to the Heads of the Valleys road. When completed, the A4232 – also known as the Peripheral Distributor Road – will form part of the Cardiff ring-road system, along with the M4 motorway between junctions 30 and 33.

Cardiff has a comprehensive bus network, whose providers include the municipal bus company Cardiff Bus (routes within the city and to Newport, Barry and Penarth), Adventure Travel (cross-city and to Cardiff Airport), Stagecoach South Wales (to the South Wales Valleys) and First Cymru (to Cowbridge and Bridgend). National Express and Megabus provides direct services to major cities such as Bristol, London, Newcastle upon Tyne and Manchester.

Cycle

Main article: Cycling in Cardiff

The Taff Trail is a walking and cycle path running for 55 miles (90 km) between Cardiff Bay and Brecon in the Brecon Beacons National Park. It runs through Bute Park, Sophia Gardens and many other green areas within Cardiff. It is possible to cycle the entire distance of the Trail almost completely off-road, as it largely follows the River Taff and many of the disused railways of the Glamorganshire valleys.

Nextbike previously operated a public bike-hire scheme in the city between March 2018 and January 2024, with the scheme allegedly being scrapped due to theft. Cardiff Council are seeking a replacement operator.

Water

The Aquabus water taxi runs every hour between the city centre (Taff Mead Embankment) and Cardiff Bay (Mermaid Quay), and between Cardiff Bay and Penarth Cardiff Bay Barrage. Throughout the year, Cardiff Waterbus sail between the Pierhead on The Waterfront and the Penarth end of the Cardiff Bay Barrage with short sightseeing cruises.

Between March and October boats depart from Cardiff Bay for Flat Holm Island. The PS Waverley and MV Balmoral sail from Britannia Quay (in Roath Basin) to various destinations in the Bristol Channel.

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  Cardiff Central railway station
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  Cardiff Queen Street railway station
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  Cardiff Airport
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  Cardiff Bus has the most bus services operating in the Cardiff area.
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  Typical cycle lane in Cardiff
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  Aquabus

Telecommunications

See also: List of Wales dialling codes

029 is the current telephone dialling code for Cardiff, as well as for the neighbouring towns of Penarth, Dinas Powys and Caerphilly. The dialling code is optional when dialling within the area: one can dial between any two phones within the 029 code using only the eight-digit local number.

Prior to the Big Number Change on 22 April 2000 the area had shorter, six-digit local numbers with an area code of 01222. This was 0222 before May 1995, derived from 0 (indicating it was a trunk call), 22 (CA on a telephone pad, for CArdiff) and 2 (as 220 was used for CAmbridge and 221 for BAth). Before the introduction of automated trunk call dialling, non-local numbers were accessed through a system of manual telephone exchanges, in common with rest if the United Kingdom.

There remains a common misconception that local numbers are still six digits long and that the code is 02920, even though there are newer Cardiff numbers in the ranges (029) 21xx xxxx and (029) 22xx xxxx.

Education

See also: List of schools in Cardiff

Cardiff University's main building

Cardiff is home to four major institutions of higher education: Cardiff University, Cardiff Metropolitan University, University of South Wales and the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.

Cardiff University was founded by a royal charter in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, is a member of the Russell Group of leading research led universities, having most of its campus in Cathays and the city centre. Cardiff Metropolitan University (formerly UWIC) has campuses in the Llandaff, Cyncoed and city centre areas, and is part of the confederal University of Wales. The Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama is a conservatoire established in 1949 and is based in the grounds of Cardiff Castle. The University of South Wales's Cardiff campus, Atrium, is home to the Cardiff School of Creative & Cultural Industries and is located in the city centre.

Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama

The total number of higher education students in the city is around 43,900. The city also has two further education colleges: Cardiff and Vale College and St David's College. The former is the result of a merger, completed in August 2011, between Coleg Glan Hafren and Barry College. Further education is also offered at most high schools in the city.

Cardiff has three state nursery schools (one bilingual), 98 state primary schools (two bilingual, fifteen Welsh medium), and 19 state secondary schools (three Welsh medium). There are also several independent schools in the city, including St John's College, Llandaff Cathedral School, Cardiff Sixth Form College, Kings Monkton School and Howell's School, a single-sex girls' school (until sixth form). In 2013 Cardiff Sixth Form College came top of the independent senior schools in the UK, which were based on the percentage of A* and A at Advanced Level. Also in the top 100 were St John's College and Howell's School.

Notable schools include Whitchurch High School (the largest secondary school in Wales), Fitzalan High School (one of the most multi-cultural state schools in the UK), and Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf (the largest Welsh medium secondary school in Wales).

As well as academic institutions, Cardiff is also home to other educational and learning organisations such as Techniquest, a hands-on science discovery centre that now has franchises throughout Wales, and is part of the Wales Gene Park in collaboration with Cardiff University, NHS Wales and the Welsh Development Agency (WDA). Cardiff is also home of the largest regional office of the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO). This office is home to the organisation's curriculum and assessment centre, which is responsible for overseeing the creation and grading of various IBDP assessments.

Landmarks and attractions

See also: Architecture of Cardiff and Listed buildings in Cardiff

Pierhead Building

St John the Baptist Church, Cardiff, Grade I listed building and the oldest Church in Wales building in the city

Cardiff has many landmark buildings such as the Principality Stadium, Pierhead Building, the Welsh National Museum and the Senedd building, the home of the Welsh Parliament. Cardiff is also famous for Cardiff Castle, St David's Hall, St John the Baptist Church, Llandaff Cathedral and the Wales Millennium Centre.

Cardiff Castle is a major tourist attraction in the city and is situated in the heart of the city centre. The National History Museum at St Fagans in Cardiff is a large open-air museum housing dozens of buildings from throughout Welsh history that have been moved to the site in Cardiff. The Civic Centre in Cathays Park comprises a collection of Edwardian buildings such as the City Hall, National Museum and Gallery of Wales, Cardiff Crown Court, and buildings forming part of Cardiff University, together with more modern civic buildings. These buildings are laid out around the Queen Alexandra Gardens, a formal park which contains the Welsh National War Memorial and a number of other, smaller memorials.

In addition to Cardiff Castle, Castell Coch is a castle in Tongwynlais, in the north of the city. The current castle is an elaborately decorated Victorian folly designed by William Burges for the Marquess and built in the 1870s, as an occasional retreat. However, the Victorian castle stands on the footings of a much older medieval castle possibly built by Ifor Bach, a regional baron with links to Cardiff Castle also. The exterior has become a popular location for film and television productions. It rarely fulfilled its intended role as a retreat for the Butes, who seldom stayed there. For the Marquess, the pleasure had been in its creation, a pleasure lost following Burges's death in 1881.

Cardiff claims the largest concentration of castles of any city in the world. As well as Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch, there are the remains of two motte-and-bailey castles in Morganstown and Rhiwbina, known as Morganstown Castle Mound and Twmpath Castle or Twmpath Motte (also known as Welsh: Caer Cynwrig) respectively. Twmpath being a Welsh word for a small mound), which along with a castle at Whitchurch (known as Treoda and destroyed by housing in the 1960s) formed an arc of fortifications which divided the Norman lordship from the Welsh lordship of Senghenydd. Further up the Cefn Cibwr ridge on the boundary with Caerphilly there is also another ruined castle, known as Morgraig Castle (Welsh: Castell Morgraig). Archaeological evidence suggests this castle was never finished, and it is debated whether the fortification was of Norman or Welsh origin. The concentration of castles indicates the moveable nature of the border between the Norman lordship of Glamorgan, centred at Cardiff, and its Welsh neighbours to the north.

There is also the ruined Llandaff Bishop's Palace, also known as Llandaff Castle, which was the home of the medieval bishops, which was destroyed about 1403–1404 by the Welsh leader Owain Glyndŵr. Now only the ruined gatehouse remains. Not strictly a castle in the historical sense, Saint Fagans Castle is a preserved 17th-century manor house, once the seat of the Earls of Plymouth.

Cardiff's castles Cardiff Castle Castell Coch St Fagans Castle Bishop's Palace (also known as Llandaff Castle) The overgrown Twmpath Castle or Motte (also known as Caer Cynwrig) The overgrown Morganstown Castle Mound The overgrown Caer Castell Camp

Other major tourist attractions are the Cardiff Bay regeneration sites, which include the recently opened Wales Millennium Centre and the Senedd building, and many other cultural and sites of interest, including the Cardiff Bay Barrage and the famous Coal Exchange. The New Theatre was founded in 1906 and refurbished in the 1980s. Until the opening of the Wales Millennium Centre in 2004, it was the premier venue in Wales for touring theatre and dance companies. Other venues popular for concerts and sporting events include Cardiff International Arena, St David's Hall and the Principality Stadium. Cardiff Story, a museum documenting the city's history, has been open to the public since the spring of 2011.

Cardiff has over 1,000 listed buildings, ranging from the more prominent buildings such as the castles, to smaller buildings, houses and structures. Cathedral Road was developed by the 3rd Marquis of Bute and is lined by fine villas, some backing on to Sophia Gardens.

Cardiff has walks of special interest for tourists and ramblers alike, such as the Centenary Walk, which runs for 2+1⁄4 miles (3.5 km) within Cardiff city centre. This route passes through many of Cardiff's landmarks and historic buildings. The Animal Wall, designed by William Burges in 1866, marks the south edge of Bute Park on Castle Street. It bears 15 carved animal statues.

Culture and recreation

Main articles: Culture and recreation in Cardiff, List of cultural venues in Cardiff, and List of public art in Cardiff

Wales Millennium Centre

Cardiff has many cultural sites varying from the historical Cardiff Castle and out of town Castell Coch to the more modern Wales Millennium Centre and Cardiff Bay. Cardiff was a finalist in the European Capital of Culture 2008. In recent years Cardiff has grown in stature as a tourist destination, with recent accolades including Cardiff being voted the eighth favourite UK city by readers of the Guardian.

The city was also listed as one of the top 10 destinations in the UK on the official British tourist boards website Visit Britain, and US travel guide Frommers have listed Cardiff as one of 13 top destinations worldwide for 2008. Annual events in Cardiff that have become regular appearances in Cardiff's calendar include Sparks in the Park, The Great British Cheese Festival, Pride Cymru (formerly Cardiff Mardi Gras), Cardiff Winter Wonderland, Cardiff Festival and Made in Roath.

Music and performing arts

Main article: Music of Cardiff

Cardiff International Arena

A large number of concerts are held in the city, the larger ones at St David's Hall, Cardiff International Arena and occasionally the Principality Stadium. A number of festivals are also held in Cardiff, the largest being the Cardiff Big Weekend Festival, held annually in the city centre in the summer and playing host to free musical performances (from artists such as Ash, Jimmy Cliff, Cerys Matthews, the Fun Loving Criminals, Soul II Soul and the Magic Numbers), fairground rides and cultural events such as a Children's Festival that takes place in the grounds of Cardiff Castle. The annual festival claims to be the UK's largest free outdoor festival, attracting over 250,000 visitors in 2007.

Cardiff hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1883, 1899, 1938, 1960, 1978, 2008 and 2018. Cardiff is unique in Wales in having two permanent stone circles used by the Gorsedd of Bards during Eisteddfodau. The original circle stands in Gorsedd Gardens in front of the National Museum while its 1978 replacement is situated in Bute Park. Since 1983, Cardiff has hosted the BBC Cardiff Singer of the World competition, a world-renowned event on the opera calendar which is held every two years. The city also hosts smaller events.

The Wales Millennium Centre hosts performances of opera, ballet, dance, comedy, musicals and is home to the BBC National Orchestra of Wales. St David's Hall (which hosts the Singer of the World competition) has regular performances of classical music and ballet as well as music of other genres. The largest of Cardiff's theatres is the New Theatre, situated in the city centre just off Queen Street. Other such venues include the Sherman Theatre, Chapter Arts Centre and the Gate Arts Centre.

The Cardiff music scene is established and wide-ranging: home to the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and the Welsh National Opera; has produced several leading acts; has acted as a springboard for Welsh bands to become famous. Acts hailing from Cardiff include Charlotte Church, Shirley Bassey, Iwan Rheon, the Oppressed, Kids In Glass Houses, Los Campesinos, the Hot Puppies, the School, We're No Heroes, Budgie and Shakin' Stevens. Also, performers such as the Automatic, Manic Street Preachers, Lostprophets, Underworld, Super Furry Animals, Catatonia and Bullet for My Valentine have links with the city and are associated with the Cardiff music scene. In 2010, Cardiff was named the UK's second "most musical" city by PRS for Music.

Visual arts

See also: Art in Cardiff

Cardiff has held a photomarathon in the city each year since 2004, in which photographers compete to take the best 12 pictures of 12 previously unknown topics in 12 hours. An exhibition of winners and other entries is held in June/July each year.

Sporting venues

Sporting venues include the Principality Stadium – the national stadium and home of the Wales national rugby union team – Sophia Gardens for Glamorgan County Cricket Club, Cardiff City Stadium for Cardiff City F.C. and the Wales football team, Cardiff International Sports Stadium, home of Cardiff Amateur Athletic Club, Cardiff Arms Park for Cardiff Blues and Cardiff RFC rugby union teams, and Ice Arena Wales for Cardiff Devils ice hockey team. It hosted the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and was dubbed European City of Sport for its role in international sporting events in 2009 and again in 2014. The Principality Stadium hosted 11 football matches during the 2012 Summer Olympics, including the opening event and the men's bronze medal match.

Recreation

Bute Park

Cardiff has strong nightlife. Most clubs and bars are situated in the city centre, especially St Mary Street. More recently Cardiff Bay has built up a strong night scene, with many modern bars and restaurants. The Brewery Quarter on St Mary Street is a recently developed venue for bars and restaurant with a central courtyard. Charles Street is also a popular part of the city.

The lake at Roath Park, including the lighthouse erected as a memorial to Captain Scott

Cardiff is known for its extensive parks and other green spaces covering around 10% of the city's total area. Cardiff's main park, Bute Park (which was formerly the castle grounds) extends northwards from the top of one of Cardiff's main shopping street (Queen Street); when combined with the adjacent Llandaff Fields and Pontcanna Fields to the north-west it produces a massive open space skirting the River Taff. Other popular parks include Roath Park in the north, donated to the city by the 3rd Marquess of Bute in 1887, which includes a popular boating lake; Victoria Park, Cardiff's first official park; and Thompson's Park, formerly home to an aviary removed in the 1970s. Wild open spaces include Howardian Local Nature Reserve, 32 acres (13 ha) of the lower Rhymney valley in Penylan noted for its orchids, and Forest Farm Country Park, over 150 acres (61 ha) along the River Taff in Whitchurch.

Cardiff is one of the top ten retail destinations in the UK with Queen Street and St. Mary Street as the two main shopping streets with the three shopping arcades, St. David's Centre, Queens Arcade and the Capitol Centre. The current expansion of St. David's Centre as part of the St David's 2 project has made it one of the largest shopping centres in the UK. As well as the modern shopping arcades, the city is home to Victorian shopping centres, such as High Street Arcade, Castle Arcade, Wyndham Arcade, Royal Arcade and Morgan Arcade. Also of note is The Hayes, home to Spillers Records, the world's oldest record shop. Cardiff has a number of markets, including the vast Victorian indoor Cardiff Central Market and the newly established Riverside Community Market, which specialises in locally produced organic produce. Several out-of-town retail parks exist, such as Newport Road, Culverhouse Cross, Cardiff Gate and Cardiff Bay.

Media

Main article: Media in Cardiff

See also: Media in Wales

The South Wales Echo and Western Mail

Cardiff is the Welsh base for the main national broadcasters (BBC Cymru Wales, ITV Wales and S4C). A locally based television station, Made in Cardiff, is also based in the city centre. Major filming studios in Cardiff include the BBC's Roath Lock Studios and Pinewood Studios Wales.

Several contemporary television programmes and films are filmed in and/or set in Cardiff such as Casualty, Doctor Who, The Sarah Jane Adventures, Torchwood, Merlin, Class, The Valleys, Upstairs Downstairs, A Discovery of Witches, His Dark Materials, Being Human, The Story of Tracy Beaker, Wizards vs Aliens, Sex Education and Sherlock.

The main local newspaper is the South Wales Echo; the national paper is the Western Mail. Both are based in Park Street in the city centre. Capital Times, Echo Extra and the South Wales edition of Metro are also based and distributed in the city.

There are several magazines, including Primary Times and a monthly papur bro, and a Welsh-language community newsletter called Y Dinesydd (The Citizen). Radio stations serving the city and based in Cardiff include Capital South Wales, Heart South Wales, BBC Radio Wales, BBC Radio Cymru, Nation Radio Wales, Radio Cardiff, Smooth Wales and Xpress Radio.

The Principality Stadium was one of the first six British landmarks to be fully mapped on Google Street View as a 360-degree virtual tour.

Sport

Main article: Sport in Cardiff

See also: Leisure centres in Cardiff, List of stadia in Wales by capacity, and Rugby in Cardiff

Cardiff Arms Park

Cardiff hosts many high-profile sporting events at local, national and international level and in recognition of the city's commitment to sport for all was awarded the title of European Capital of Sport 2014. Organised sports have been held in the city since the early 19th century. national home sporting fixtures are nearly always played in the city. All Wales' multi-sports agencies and many of the country's sports governing bodies have their headquarters in Cardiff and the city's many top quality venues have attracted world-famous sports events, sometimes unrelated to Cardiff or to Wales. In 2008/09, 61% of Cardiff residents regularly participated in sport and active recreation, the highest percentage in ll 22 local authorities in Wales.

Rugby union fans around the world have long been familiar with the old National Stadium, Cardiff Arms Park, and its successor the Principality Stadium, which hosted the FA Cup for six years (from 2001 to 2006) it took to rebuild Wembley Stadium. In 2009, Cardiff hosted the first Ashes cricket test between England and Australia to be held in Wales. Cardiff hosted eight football matches of the London 2012 Olympics.

Principality Stadium

Cardiff City F.C. (founded 1899 as Riverside AFC) played their home games at Ninian Park from 1910 until the end of the 2008–09 season. The club's new home is the Cardiff City Stadium, which they initially rented to the Cardiff Blues, the city's professional rugby union team, the Blues returning to the Arms Park in 2012. Cardiff City have played in the English Football League since the 1920–21 season, climbing to Division 1 after one season. Cardiff City are the only non-English team to have won the FA Cup, beating Arsenal in the 1927 final at Wembley Stadium. They were runners up to Portsmouth in the 2008 final, losing 1–0 at the new Wembley Stadium. In the 2013/14 and 2018/19 seasons Cardiff City played in the English Premier League.

Cardiff Metropolitan University F.C. of the Athletic Union of Cardiff Metropolitan University, based in Cyncoed, play in the Cymru Premier, having been promoted from Welsh League Division One in 2016. They were winners of the Welsh League Cup for the 2018–19 season.

Cardiff has numerous smaller clubs including Bridgend Street A.F.C., Caerau (Ely) A.F.C., Cardiff Corinthians F.C., Cardiff Grange Harlequins A.F.C., and Ely Rangers A.F.C., which all play in the Welsh football league system.

Sport Wales National Centre, Cardiff, headquarters of Sport Wales, the Welsh Sports Association and the Federation of Disability Sport Wales

In addition to men's football teams Cardiff City Ladies of the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division are based in the city. Teams in the Welsh Premier Women's Football League are Cardiff Met. Ladies, Cyncoed Ladies and Cardiff City.

During the 1990s, London-based football club Wimbledon FC expressed interest in relocating to Cardiff, having been without a home of their own since exiting Plough Lane stadium in 1991 and sharing with Crystal Palace FC at Selhurst Park. The relocation of the club to Cardiff did not happen; in 2003, the club moved to Milton Keynes and a year later rebranded as Milton Keynes Dons.

Cardiff Arms Park (Welsh: Parc yr Arfau Caerdydd), in central Cardiff, is among the world's most famous venues—being the scene of three Welsh Grand Slams in the 1970s (1971, 1976 and 1978) and six Five Nations titles in nine years—and was the venue for Wales' games in the 1991 Rugby World Cup. The Arms Park has a sporting history dating back to at least the 1850s, when Cardiff Cricket Club (formed 1819) relocated to the site. The ground was donated to Cardiff CC in 1867 by the Marquess of Bute. Cardiff Cricket Club shared the ground with Cardiff Rugby Football Club (founded 1876) — forming Cardiff Athletic Club between them — until 1966, when the cricket section moved to Sophia Gardens. Cardiff Athletic Club and the Welsh Rugby Union established two stadia on the site—Cardiff RFC played at their stadium at the northern end of the site, and the Wales national rugby union team played international matches at the National Stadium, Cardiff Arms Park, which opened in 1970. The National Stadium was replaced by the 74,500 capacity Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm) in 1999—in time for the 1999 Rugby World Cup—and is home stadium to the Wales national rugby and football teams for international matches. In addition to Wales' Six Nations Championship and other international games, the Principality Stadium held four matches in the 2007 Rugby World Cup and six FA Cup finals (from the 2001–02 to 2005–06 seasons) while Wembley Stadium was being rebuilt.

SWALEC Stadium

Cardiff Cricket Club was formed in 1819 and Glamorgan County Cricket Club has competed as a first-class county since 1921. Its headquarters and ground is the SWALEC Stadium, Sophia Gardens, since moving from Cardiff Arms Park in 1966. The Sophia Gardens stadium underwent multimillion-pound improvements since being selected to host the first "England" v Australia Test match of the 2009 Ashes series. The Hundred franchise team Welsh Fire is also based at the stadium.

Cardiff has a long association with boxing, from 'Peerless' Jim Driscoll — born in Cardiff in 1880 — to more recent, high-profile fights staged in the city. These include the WBC Lennox Lewis vs. Frank Bruno heavyweight championship fight at the Arms Park in 1993, and many of Joe Calzaghe's fights, between 2003 and 2007.

Cardiff's professional ice hockey team, the Cardiff Devils, plays in the 3,000-seat Ice Arena Wales in the Cardiff International Sports Village. It plays in the 12-team professional Elite Ice Hockey League. Founded in 1986, it was one of the most successful British teams in the 1990s.

Cardiff's only American-flag football team is the Hurricanes. It won the British Championship in 2014 after falling short by 2 points in a quarter-final to eventual winners, the London Rebels, the previous year. It is based at Roath Recreational Ground.

Cardiff International Pool at the International Sports Village, Cardiff Bay

The 1958 Commonwealth Games were hosted by Cardiff. These involved 1,130 athletes from 35 national teams competing in 94 events. One of the venues for those Games—The Wales Empire Swimming Pool—was demolished in 1998 to make way for the Principality Stadium. The GBP32m Cardiff International Pool in Cardiff Bay, opened to the public on 12 January 2008 — part of the GBP1bn International Sports Village (ISV) — is the only Olympic-standard swimming pool in Wales. When complete, the ISV complex will provide Olympic standard facilities for sports including boxing and fencing, gymnastics, judo, white water events (including canoeing and kayaking) and wrestling as well as a snow dome with real snow for skiing and snowboarding, an arena for public ice skating and ice hockey and a hotel. Some of the sports facilities at the ISV were to be used as training venues for the London 2012 Olympics.

A stage of Wales Rally GB, hosted inside the Principality Stadium

The Principality Stadium hosts motor-sport events such as the World Rally Championship, as part of Wales Rally GB. The first indoor special stages of the World Rally Championship were held at the Principality Stadium in September 2005 and have been an annual event since. The British Speedway Grand Prix, one of the World Championship events, is held at the Principality Stadium. While the track—a temporary, purpose built, shale oval—is not universally loved, the venue is considered the best of the World Championship's 11 rounds.

, Международный спортивный стадион Кардиффа открытый 19 января 2009 года, заменивший легкоатлетический стадион Кардиффа , снесенный, чтобы освободить место для городского стадиона Кардиффа. Он вмещает 4953 человека и является площадкой для проведения различных спортивных/специальных мероприятий, предлагая сертифицированные международные легкоатлетические сооружения, включая площадку для внешних метаний международного стандарта. На стадионе находится штаб-квартира Уэльской легкой атлетики , руководящего органа спорта Уэльса. Крытой спортивной площадкой города для легкой атлетики является Национальный легкоатлетический центр в закрытых помещениях , международный центр легкой атлетики и мультиспорта при Институте Уэльского университета, кампус Кардиффа, Синкоед .

Полумарафон Княжества Кардифф проводится каждый октябрь и является одним из крупнейших шоссейных забегов в Соединенном Королевстве, ежегодно привлекая более 20 000 участников и множество иностранных гостей. Мероприятие организовано некоммерческим социальным предприятием Run 4 Wales , и с момента его основания в 2003 году оно значительно разрослось. Оно принимало Всемирный (2016 г.), Содружеский (2018 г.), Британский (2014/2015 г.) и Уэльский (ежегодно) мероприятия. Чемпионат мира по полумарафону и с 2017 года имеет статус World Athletics Elite Road Race. Гонка также является частью SuperHalfs , серии ведущих международных полумарафонов, в которую также входят Лиссабон, Прага, Берлин, Валенсия и Копенгаген.

Известные люди

Основная статья: Список людей из Кардиффа

См. Также: Категория: Люди из Кардиффа

Многие известные люди родом из Кардиффа, начиная от исторических личностей, таких как валлийский лидер XII века Ифор Бах, и заканчивая более поздними фигурами, такими как Роальд Даль , Кен Фоллетт , Грифф Рис Джонс , Кэтрин Дэфидд и бывший ведущий Blue Peter Гетин Джонс .

Среди известных актеров — Йоан Гриффит ( «Фантастическая четверка» ) , Иван Реон ( «Игра престолов» ) и Мэттью Риз ( «Американцы» ).

Также следует отметить Сиан Григг , победительницу BAFTA и номинированную на Оскар голливудский визажист.

Город был родиной таких звезд спорта, как Танни Грей-Томпсон и Колин Джексон , а также многих футболистов Премьер-лиги , Футбольной лиги и международных футболистов, таких как Крейг Беллами , Гарет Бэйл , Райан Гиггз , Джо Ледли и бывшие менеджеры сборная Уэльса по футболу Терри Йорат и Джон Тошак . В число игроков международной лиги регби из Кардиффа входят Фрэнк Уиткомб , Билли Бостон , Дэвид Уилликомб и Колин Диксон . В число международных игроков союза регби входят Сэм Уорбертон , Джейми Робертс , Джейми Робинсон , Ники Робинсон , Рис Пэтчелл , а в число игроков сборной бейсбола входят Джордж Уиткомб и Тед Петерсон .

Святой Тейло ( ок. 500 — 9 февраля ок. 560 ) — покровитель Кардиффа. Он был британским христианским монахом, епископом и основателем монастырей и церквей. Считавшийся двоюродным братом, другом и учеником святого Давида, он был епископом Лландаффа и основателем первой церкви в соборе Лландаффа, где находится его могила. День его святого - 9 февраля.

Кардифф также известен своими музыкантами. Айвор Новелло вдохновил на вручение премии Ivor Novello Awards . Идлос Оуэн , основатель Уэльской национальной оперы , жил в Лландаффе. Дама Ширли Бэсси родилась и выросла в Кардиффе. Шарлотта Чёрч известна как певица, сочетающая классическую и поп-музыку. Шакин Стивенс был одним из самых продаваемых артистов-мужчин в Великобритании в 1980-е годы. Tigertailz , популярная глэм-метал группа 1980-х годов, также родом из Кардиффа. Ряд групп из Кардиффа, таких как Catatonia и Super Furry Animals , были популярны в 1990-х годах.

Твиннинг

• Луганск , Украина
• Лен Хордаланн , Норвегия
• Сукре , Боливия
• Нант , Франция
• Штутгарт , Германия
• Сямэнь , Китай
• Лима , Перу

Тезки

Кардифф у моря в Энсинитасе, Калифорния, и Кардифф, Алабама, были названы в честь Кардиффа в Уэльсе.

Дипломатическое присутствие

В общей сложности 28 стран имеют дипломатическое присутствие в Кардиффе. Многие из них, например Германия, Италия, Швейцария, Дания, Канада, Таиланд и Чехия, представлены почетными консульствами . Посольство США в Великобритании имеет дополнительный офис.

Свобода города

Следующие люди и воинские части получили Свободу города Кардифф; они перечислены с датой получения этой награды.

Частные лица

• Эндрю Фултон : 31 марта 1886 г.
• Альфред Томас, первый барон Понтипридд : 13 августа 1888 г.
• Уильям Гладстон : 6 июля 1889 г.
• Принц Альберт Виктор, герцог Кларенс и Эйвондейл : 17 сентября 1890 г.
• Сэр Генри Мортон Стэнли : 27 марта 1891 г.
• Сэр Дэвид Эванс : 1 июля 1892 г.
• Фельдмаршал лорд Робертс Кандагарский : 26 января 1894 г.
• Сэр Эдвард Рид : 28 сентября 1895 г.
• Принц Уэльский (впоследствии король Эдуард VII): 27 июня 1896 г.
• Роберт Виндзор-Клайв, 1-й граф Плимут : 3 июня 1897 г.
• Дэвид Джонс : 18 апреля 1898 г.
• Фельдмаршал Герберт Китченер, 1-й граф Китченер : 2 декабря 1897 г.
• Генерал-лейтенант лорд Баден-Пауэлл : 29 мая 1903 г.
• Уильям Льюис, первый барон Мертир : 10 марта 1905 г.
• Принц Уэльский (впоследствии король Георг V): 29 июня 1905 г.
• Дэвид Ллойд Джордж : 24 июня 1908 г.
• Годфри Морган, 1-й виконт Тредегар : 25 октября 1909 г.
• Фрэнсис Джон Биван : 10 октября 1910 г.
• Сэр Уильям Джеймс Томас : 12 апреля 1915 г.
• Уильям Моррис Хьюз : 24 марта 1916 г.
• Лорд Ронда : 27 октября 1916 г.
• Уильям Мэсси : 8 мая 1917 г.
• Фельдмаршал Ян Смэтс : 27 октября 1917 г.
• Сэр Роберт Борден : 24 июля 1918 г.
• Махараджа сэр Бхупиндер Сингх из Патиалы : 24 июля 1918 г.
• Принц Уэльский (впоследствии король Эдуард VIII): 26 июня 1919 г.
• Сэр Чарльз Хейворд Берд : 5 июля 1923 г.
• Герцог Йоркский : 22 октября 1926 г.
• Уильям Тейтем, первый барон Гланели : 26 марта 1928 г.
• Сэр Уильям Рирдон Смит : 26 марта 1928 г.
• Лорд Дэвис Лландинамский : 26 октября 1931 г.
• Сэр Илтид Томас : 26 октября 1931 г.
• Принц Джордж, герцог Кентский : 25 октября 1932 г.
• Джон Сэнки, 1-й виконт Сэнки : 5 марта 1934 г.
• Сэр Госкомб Джон : 26 октября 1936 г.
• Айвор Виндзор-Клайв, 2-й граф Плимут : 26 октября 1936 г.
• Уильям Моррис, 1-й виконт Наффилд : 15 октября 1937 г.
• Портал Уиндема, портал 1-го виконта : 15 октября 1937 г.
• Герцогиня Эдинбургская (впоследствии королева Елизавета II): 27 мая 1948 г.
• Сэр Уинстон Черчилль : 16 июля 1948 г.
• Сэр Уильям Ричард Уильямс : 11 мая 1954 г.
• Сэр Герберт Хайлз : 11 мая 1954 г.
• Принц Филипп, герцог Эдинбургский : 1 декабря 1954 г.
• Майор лорд Тенби из Булфорда : 26 октября 1956 г.
• Принц Уэльский (впоследствии король Карл III): 5 июля 1969 г.
• Лорд Каллаган Кардиффский : 16 марта 1975 г.
• Лорд Тонипанди : 16 марта 1975 г.
• Диана, принцесса Уэльская : 29 октября 1981 г.
• Папа Иоанн Павел II : 2 июня 1982 г.
• Округ Сеннид Траэрн : 29 января 1985 г.
• Филип Данливи : 25 января 1993 г.
• Нельсон Мандела : 16 июня 1998 г.
• Кледвин Хьюз, барон Кледвин Пенросский : 4 декабря 2000 г.
• Баронесса Грей-Томпсон : 27 ноября 2003 г.
• Колин Джексон : 27 ноября 2003 г.
• Майор сэр Таскер Уоткинс : 12 апреля 2006 г.
• Дама Ширли Бэсси : 23 февраля 2012 г.

Воинские части

• Велчский полк : 10 июня 1944 г.
• Валлийская гвардия : 27 апреля 1957 г.
• Королевский полк Уэльса : 11 июня 1969 г.
• Королевские уэльские стрелки : 7 ноября 1973 г.
• 1- й Королевский драгунский гвардейский полк : 29 июля 1985 г.
• HMS Cardiff , RN : 3 февраля 1988 г.
• Ассоциация торгового флота (Уэльс): 3 сентября 2001 г.
• 203 (валлийский) полевой госпиталь (добровольцы) RAMC : 21 апреля 2014 г.
• HMS Dragon , RN : 18 мая 2014 г.

См. также

• Музыкальная сцена Кардиффа
• Список культурных заведений Кардиффа
• Список парламентских округов в Южном Гламоргане
• Список мест в Кардиффе
• Список культовых сооружений в Кардиффе
• Список улиц и площадей Кардиффа

Внешние ссылки

• Сайт Кардиффского совета
• Посетите Кардифф
• Cardiff Records : полный текст издания исторических записей Кардиффа под редакцией Дж. Х. Мэтьюза (1898–1905). Часть британской истории онлайн.