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List of indigenous languages of South America

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    This article lists the indigenous languages of South America. Extinct languages are marked by dagger signs (†).

    Demographics by country

    [edit]

    Demographics of Indigenous languages of South America by country as of 2012, as reported by Crevels (2012):[1]

    LanguageAlternate namesFamilyBranchPopulationSpeaker numberDegree of endangermentCountryOther countries
    MapudungunMapucheAraucanian113,6808,413seriously endangered ArgentinaChile
    AymaraAymaran4,104?endangered ArgentinaChile, Bolivia, Peru
    Gününa YajichGününa Küne, PampaChonan1,585–extinct (1960–1970) Argentina
    Selk'namOnaChonan696–extinct (1970s) ArgentinaChile †
    TehuelcheAonek’enk, P’e:nk’enkChonan10,5903moribund Argentina
    TeushenTehueshChonan––extinct (early 1900s) Argentina
    MocovíMoqoyt La’qa:tqaGuaicuruan15,8372,780endangered Argentina
    PilagáPitelaGa LaqtakGuaicuruan4,4653,494potentially endangered Argentina
    TobaNamqomGuaicuruan69,45230,410endangered ArgentinaParaguay
    VilelaLule-Vilelan502moribund Argentina
    ChoroteYofuáha, YowúwaMatacoan2,6131,692endangered ArgentinaParaguay
    NivacléNivaklé, Chulupí, AshluslayMatacoan553224seriously endangered ArgentinaParaguay
    WichíMataco, ’Weenhayek in BoliviaMatacoan40,03628,631potentially endangered ArgentinaBolivia
    Santiagueño QuechuaQuechuan–60,000 – 80,000endangered Argentina
    Ava GuaraníGuaraní in Bolivia, Guaraní Occidental in ParaguayTupíanTupí-Guaranían21,8075,139endangered ArgentinaBolivia
    Guaraní CorrentinoGuaraní GoyanoTupíanTupí-Guaranían–100,000 – 1,000,000potentially endangered Argentina
    MbyáTupíanTupí-Guaranían8,2233,908endangered ArgentinaParaguay, Brazil
    TapietéÑandevá in ParaguayTupíanTupí-Guaranían524178seriously endangered ArgentinaBolivia, Paraguay
    KunzaAtacameño, Likan Antai, Ulipe, LipeIsolate3,044–extinct ArgentinaChile †
    YahganYámanaIsolate––extinct (late 1900s) ArgentinaChile
    QuechuaQuechuan2,125,0001,540,833potentially endangered BoliviaPeru, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Argentina
    AymaraAymaran1,470,0001,008,825potentially endangered BoliviaPeru, Chile, Argentina
    ChipayaUru-Chipayan2,1341,800endangered Bolivia
    UchumataquUruUru-Chipayan230–extinct (2004) Bolivia
    ChholoUru-Chipayan?1?extinct Bolivia
    PuquinaPuquinan––extinct BoliviaPeru †
    KallawayaMixed–?seriously endangered Bolivia
    MachineriArawakan3013seriously endangered BoliviaBrazil
    BaureArawakan88667seriously endangered Bolivia
    Moxo (Mojeño), TrinitarioArawakan30,0003,140endangered Bolivia
    Moxo (Mojeño), IgnacianoArawakan2,0001,080seriously endangered Bolivia
    PaunacaArawakan?5moribund Bolivia
    MoréIteneChapacuran6444seriously endangered Bolivia
    ChácoboPano-TacananTacanan516380endangered Bolivia
    PacahuaraPano-TacananTacanan466moribund Bolivia
    YaminahuaPano-TacananTacanan9351seriously endangered BoliviaPeru, Brazil
    Ese EjjaPano-TacananTacanan732518endangered BoliviaPeru
    AraonaPano-TacananTacanan158111seriously endangered Bolivia
    CavineñaPano-TacananTacanan1,683601endangered Bolivia
    TacanaPano-TacananTacanan7,3451,153 / 50–500seriously endangered Bolivia
    MaropaReyesanoPano-TacananTacanan4,91953 / 12moribund Bolivia
    YukiTupíanTupí-Guaranían208140seriously endangered Bolivia
    SirionóTupíanTupí-Guaranían268187endangered Bolivia
    GuarayoTupíanTupí-Guaranían11,9538,433potentially endangered Bolivia
    GuaraníChiriguanoTupíanTupí-Guaranían125,15943,633potentially endangered BoliviaArgentina
    TapietéTupíanTupí-Guaranían4129seriously endangered BoliviaArgentina, Paraguay
    'WeenhayekMataco, Wichí in ArgentinaMatacoan1,7971,929endangered BoliviaArgentina
    AyoreoZamucoan1,3981,398endangered BoliviaParaguay
    CanichanaIsolate4044 / 0?extinct Bolivia
    MovimaIsolate12,2301,173seriously endangered Bolivia
    CayubabaIsolate66423 / <3moribund Bolivia
    ItonamaIsolate2,791389 / < 2moribund Bolivia
    MoseténMosetenan1,588948endangered Bolivia
    Tsimane'ChimaneMosetenan8,6156,351potentially endangered Bolivia
    LekoIsolate4,186132 / 20moribund Bolivia
    YurakaréIsolate2,8291,809endangered Bolivia
    BesïroChiquitanoMacro-GêChiquitano195,6244,615seriously endangered BoliviaBrazil
    Banawá YafíBanawáArawan100 (2006)100seriously endangered Brazil
    DeniArawan875 (2006)875endangered Brazil
    JamamadíYamamadí, KanamantíArawan884 (2006)800endangered Brazil
    JarawaraJarauaraArawan180 (2006)180endangered Brazil
    KulinaCulina, Madihá, Madiha, MadijaArawan3,500 (2006)3,000endangered BrazilPeru
    PaumariPalmariArawan892 (2006)290 (2000)seriously endangered Brazil
    ZuruahãSorowaha, SuruwahaArawan136 (2007)136seriously endangered Brazil
    ApurinãPopingaré, Kangitê, Kaxiriri, CachararyArawakan3,256 (2006)2,000endangered Brazil
    AsháninkaKampa, AxíninkaArawakan869 (2004)813endangered BrazilPeru
    BaniwaBaniwa do Içana, Baniva, Baniua, Walimanai, WakuenaiArawakan5,811 (2005)5,811potentially endangered BrazilColombia, Venezuela
    BaréArawakan10,275 (2005)2moribund BrazilVenezuela
    Enawê-NawêSalumãArawakan445 (2006)445endangered Brazil
    KaixanaCaixanaArawakan505 (2006)1moribund Brazil
    KinikinauGuanáArawakan250 (2005)11 (2007)moribund Brazil
    KuripakoCurripaco, Curipaco, CoripacoArawakan1,332 (2005)1,332endangered BrazilColombia, Venezuela
    MachineriManchineri, YineArawakan937 (2004)937endangered BrazilBolivia
    MehinakoMehinaku, MeinakuArawakan227 (2006)200seriously endangered Brazil
    PalikurPaliku’ene, Aukwayene, AukuyeneArawakan1,330 (2006)1,300endangered BrazilFrench Guiana
    ParecíParesí, Arití, HalitíArawakan2,005 (2008)1,000endangered Brazil
    TarianaTarianoArawakan1,914 (2002)100seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    TerênaTerena, TerenoArawakan19,96119,000potentially endangered Brazil
    WapixanaWapishana, Wapisiana, Uapixana, VapidianaArawakan7,000 (2008)4,000?endangered BrazilGuyana
    WarekenaWerekena, UarequenaArawakan806 (206)20seriously endangered BrazilVenezuela
    WauráWaujá, UaráArawakan321 (2008)321endangered Brazil
    YawalapitíIaualapitíArawakan222 (2006)10?moribund Brazil
    BakairíBacairí, KurâCariban950 (1999)950endangered Brazil
    GalibíGalibí do Oiapoque, Kari’na, KaliñaCariban66only eldersseriously endangered BrazilVenezuela, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
    HixkaryanaHyxkaryanaCariban631 (2006)600endangered Brazil
    IkpengTxicão, TxikãoCariban342 (2006)342endangered Brazil
    IngarikóAkawayo, KaponCariban1,170 (2007)1,170endangered BrazilGuyana, Venezuela
    KalapaloCalapaluCariban506 (2006)506endangered Brazil
    Katxuyana-XikuyanaKaxuyana-Xikuyana, Kaxuyana, CaxuianaCariban230 (2006)150seriously endangered Brazil
    KuikuroCuicuroCariban509 (2006)600endangered Brazil
    MakuxíMacuxi, Macushi, PemonCariban23,433 (2006)15,000potentially endangered BrazilVenezuela
    MatipúCariban103 (2006)10moribund Brazil
    NahukwáNahukuá, NafuquáCariban124 (2006)124seriously endangered Brazil
    NaruvotoCariban78 (2003)?seriously endangered Brazil
    PatamonaKapon, AkawayoCariban87 (2006)?seriously endangered BrazilGuyana, Venezuela
    TaurepangTaulipang, Pemon, ArekunaCariban582 (2002)500seriously endangered BrazilGuyana, Venezuela
    TiriyóTrio, Tarëno, Tirió, Tirio, Tarona, Yawi, PianokotoCariban1,156 (2006)1,156endangered BrazilSuriname
    Waimirí-AtroaríKinã, KinjaCariban1,120 (2005)1,120endangered Brazil
    WaiwaiWai Wai, TunayanaWaiwai, KatuenaCariban2,914 (2005)2,914potentially endangered BrazilGuyana
    WayanaWaiana, Uaiana, AparaíCariban288 (2006)288endangered BrazilSuriname, French Guiana
    YekuanaYe’kuana, Yekwana, Yecuana, Makiritare, Maquiritare, Maiongong, So’toCariban430 (2000)430endangered BrazilVenezuela
    KuyubimKujubí, Cojubím, Kaw Ta YoChapacuran55 (2006)2 (2001)moribund Brazil
    MiguelenhoUomoChapacuran501moribund Brazil
    MoréChapacuran30 (2002)12 (2002)seriously endangered BrazilBolivia
    Oro WinOro TowatiChapacuran56 (2006)5moribund Brazil
    ToráChapacuran312 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    Wari'Pakaa Nova, Pacaás NovosChapacuran2,721 (2006)2,721potentially endangered Brazil
    KadiweuKadiweo, Caduveo, Cadiuéu, Ejiwajigi, Mbaya-GuaicuruGuaicuruan1,629 (2006)1,600endangered Brazil
    KanamaríCanamarí, Tüküná, TâkânaHarakmbut-Katukinan1,654 (2006)most?endangered Brazil
    KatawixíCatawixi, Catauixi, CatawishiHarakmbut-Katukinan10? (1986)10?seriously endangered Brazil
    Katukina do BiáPedá Djapá, TükünáHarakmbut-Katukinan450 (2007)1 (1976)possibly extinct Brazil
    Tsohom DjapáTucanoHarakmbut-Katukinan100 (1985)30?seriously endangered Brazil
    BororoEastern Bororo, Boe, Boe WadáruMacro-GêBororo1,390(2006)1,390endangered Brazil
    UmutinaOmotina, BarbadosMacro-GêBororo445 (2009)–extinct Brazil
    ChiquitanoLinguará, AnenhoMacro-GêChiquitano737 (2006)50seriously endangered BrazilBolivia
    GuatóMacro-GêGuató370 (2006)5moribund Brazil
    ApinajéApinayé, Apinaié, Timbira OcidentaisMacro-GêGêan1,525 (2006)1,500endangered Brazil
    CanelaKanela, Kanela Ramkokamekrá, Kanela ApanyekraMacro-GêGêan2,502 (2006)2,502endangered Brazil
    Gavião PerkatêjêGavião, Parkatêjê, Gavião do Pará, Gavião do Mãe MariaMacro-GêGêan476 (2006)476endangered Brazil
    Gavião PukobiêPykopjê, Gavião do Maranhão, TimbiraMacro-GêGêan494 (2006)494endangered Brazil
    KaingangCaingangue, KanhgágMacro-GêGêan28,000 (2006)18,500potentially endangered Brazil
    KrahôCraô, Kraô, Mehim, TimbiraMacro-GêGêan2,184 (2006)2,184endangered Brazil
    Kren-YêMacro-GêGêan30 (1999)1 (1981)extinct Brazil
    KrikatíKrinkatí, Krikatí-Timbira, TimbiraMacro-GêGêan682 (2005)682endangered Brazil
    MebêngokrêKayapó, Xikrin, Put KarotMacro-GêGêan7,266 (2006)7,266potentially endangered Brazil
    PanaráKrenhakarore, Krenakore, Krenakarore, Kreen-Akarore, Índios GigantesMacro-GêGêan374 (2008)374endangered Brazil
    KisêdjêSuyá, Suiá, MëkisêdjêMacro-GêGêan351 (2006)351endangered Brazil
    TapayunaSuyá Orientais, Novos Suyá, Beiço-de-PauMacro-GêGêan58 (1995)58?seriously endangered Brazil
    XakriabáXacriabá, XikriabáMacro-GêGêan7,665 (2006)0?possibly extinct Brazil
    XavanteA’uwe, AwenMacro-GêGêan13,303 (2007)13,303potentially endangered Brazil
    XerenteAkwê, Akwen, AcuenMacro-GêGêan2,569 (2006)2,569potentially endangered Brazil
    XoklengShokleng, Xokrén, Laklanô, Bugres, Botocudos, Aweikoma, Kaingang de Santa Catarina, Aweikoma-KaingangMacro-GêGêan887 (2004)100seriously endangered Brazil
    ArikapúAricapúMacro-GêJabutí30 (2006)1moribund Brazil
    DjeoromitxíJeoromitxí, JabutíMacro-GêJabutí165 (2006)30 (2008)seriously endangered Brazil
    YatêIatê, Fulniô, CarnijóMacro-GêYatê2,930 (1999)1,000endangered Brazil
    JavaéKarajáMacro-GêKarajá1,208 (2006)800?endangered Brazil
    KarajáCarajá, InyMacro-GêKarajá2,532 (2006)2,250endangered Brazil
    XambioáKarajá do Norte, Ixybiowa, Iraru MahãduMacro-GêKarajá269 (2006)10moribund Brazil
    KrenakCrenaque, Crenac, Krenac, Nakrehé, Krenak-Nakrehé, Borun; Botocudos; AimorésMacro-GêKrenakan204 (2006)10moribund Brazil
    MaxakalíMaxacalí, Monacó, Kumanuxú, TikmuúnMacro-GêMaxakalí1,271 (2006)1,271endangered Brazil
    PataxóPataxó do Norte, Pataxó do Sur, Hã Hã HãeMacro-GêMaxakalí2,219 (2005)–extinct (late 1900s) Brazil
    OfayéOfaié, Opayé, Ofayé-XavanteMacro-GêOfayé61 (2006)12seriously endangered Brazil
    RikbaktsáErikbaktsá, Erigpaktsá, Orelhas de Pau, CanoeirosMacro-GêRikbaktsá1,117 (2006)900endangered Brazil
    MuraMuran9,299 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    PirahãMura-PirahãMuran389 (2006)389endangered Brazil
    DâwKamãNadahup120120seriously endangered Brazil
    HupHupdá, Hupdé, Hupdá MakúNadahup1,5001,500endangered BrazilColombia
    KuyabiKuyawiNadahup2020seriously endangered Brazil
    NadëbNadöbö, Anodöb, Makunadöbö, Guariba, Guariba Tapuyo, Kabori, XiriwaiNadahup350350endangered Brazil
    YuhupNadahup617617endangered BrazilColombia
    LatundêNorthern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte)Nambikwaran1919seriously endangered Brazil
    LakondêNorthern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte)Nambikwaran71seriously endangered Brazil
    MamaindêNorthern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte)Nambikwaran250250endangered Brazil
    NegarotêNorthern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte)Nambikwaran8080seriously endangered Brazil
    TawandêNorthern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte)Nambikwaranfew1moribund Brazil
    Southern NambikwaraNambikwara do SulNambikwaran721721seriously endangered Brazil
    SabanêNambikwaran1403moribund Brazil
    Arara ShawãdawaArara do Acre, ShawanauáPanotacananPanoan332 (2004)9 (2000)moribund Brazil
    Katukina-KanamariKatukina [Tüküná, Pi:Dyapa], Kanamarí [Tüküna Kanamarí, Canamari], Tsohom-Dyapa [Tsunhum-Djapá, Tyonhwak Dyapa], Katukina do Acre, Katukina PanoPanotacananPanoan2,239 (2008)2,239potentially endangered Brazil
    KaxararíCaxarari, KaxaririPanotacananPanoan322 (2009)300?seriously endangered Brazil
    KaxinawáCaxinauá, Cashinahuá, Cashinahua, Hantxa Kuin, Huni KuinPanotacananPanoan4,500 (2004)4,500potentially endangered BrazilPeru
    KoruboPanotacananPanoan26 (2007)26seriously endangered Brazil
    Kulina do AcreKulina Pano, CulinaPanotacananPanoan125 (2006)only eldersseriously endangered Brazil
    MaruboPanotacananPanoan1,252 (2006)1,252endangered Brazil
    MatísPanotacananPanoan322 (2008)322endangered Brazil
    MatsésPanotacananPanoan1,592 (2006)1,500endangered BrazilPeru
    MayaQuixitoPanotacananPanoan400400endangered BrazilPeru?
    NukiniNuquini, NukuíniPanotacananPanoan600 (2003)–extinct Brazil
    PoyanawaPoianáuaPanotacananPanoan403 (1999)2moribund Brazil
    ShanenawáKatukina, ShanenawáPanotacananPanoan361 (2006)300endangered Brazil
    YaminawaJaminawa, IauminawaPanotacananPanoan855 (2006)600endangered BrazilBolivia, Peru
    YawanawáYauanauá, IauanauáPanotacananPanoan519 (2006)519endangered Brazil
    ArapasoArapaçoTucanoan5690?possibly extinct Brazil
    BaráWaimajã, WaípinõmakãTucanoan21 (2005)21seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    BarasanaBarasano, Pãnerã, Hanera, PanenoáTucanoan34 (2005)34seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    DesanoDesana, Dessano, Wira, UmúkomasáTucanoan2,204 (2005)700endangered BrazilColombia
    KarapanãCarapanã, Muteamasa, UkopinõpõnaTucanoan63 (2005)63seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    KotiriaWanano, Wanana, Guanano, UananoTucanoan735 (2005)650endangered BrazilColombia
    KubeoCubeo, Cobewa, Kubéwa, PamíwaTucanoan381 (2005)150–200seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    MakunaMacuna, Yeba-MasãTucanoan32 (2005)32seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    Mirity-TapuyaMiriti-Tapuia, Buia-TapuyaTucanoan75 (2005)0?possibly extinct Brazil
    PiratapuyaPiratapuia, PiraTapuia, Piratapuyo, WaíkanaTucanoan1,433 (2005)700seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    SirianoSiria-MasãTucanoan71 (2005)71?seriously endangered BrazilColombia
    TukanoTucano, Ye’pãmasa, DaseaTucanoan6,241 (2005)7,000potentially endangered BrazilColombia
    TuyukaTuyuca, Tuiuca, Dokapuara, UtapinõmakãphõnáTucanoan825 (2005)800?endangered BrazilColombia
    YurutíJuritíTucanoan?0?possibly extinct BrazilColombia
    KaritianaTupíanArikem320 (2005)320endangered Brazil
    AwetíAuetiTupíanAwetí160 (2008)160seriously endangered Brazil
    AruáTupíanMonde3612seriously endangered Brazil
    Cinta LargaTupíanMonde645645endangered Brazil
    GaviãoGavião de Rondônia, Ikõlej, Ikõleey, IkõroTupíanMonde523 (2004)523endangered Brazil
    ZoróPageynTupíanMonde599 (2008)599endangered Brazil
    PaiterSuruí-Paiter, Suruí de RondôniaTupíanMonde1,007 (2006)1,007endangered Brazil
    SalamãiSanamãika, MondéTupíanMonde?2moribund Brazil
    KuruayaKuruaia, CuruaiaTupíanMundurukú129 (2006)3moribund Brazil
    MundurukúMundurucúTupíanMundurukú10,065 (2002)8,000endangered Brazil
    PuruboráTupíanPuruborá62 (2006)2moribund Brazil
    KaroArara, Arara Karo, Arara de Rondônia, Arara Tupi, Ntogapíd, Itoga-púk, Ramarama, Uruku, Urumi, YtangáTupíanRamaraman208 (2006)200seriously endangered Brazil
    Sateré-MawéSataré-Maué, Sateré, MawéTupíanSateré-Mawé9,156 (2008)6,219endangered Brazil
    AjurúWayurú, WayoróTupíanTuparían94 (2006)8seriously endangered Brazil
    AkuntsúAkunt’su, AkunsuTupíanTuparían5 (2009)5moribund Brazil
    MakurapMacurapTupíanTuparían381 (2006)50seriously endangered Brazil
    SakurabiatMekens, Mekém, SakirabiatTupíanTuparían84 (2006)22 (2008)seriously endangered Brazil
    TuparíTupíanTuparían433 (2006)150 (2005)seriously endangered Brazil
    AmanayéAmanaié, ArarandeuaraTupíanTupí-Guaranían192 (2001)0?possibly extinct Brazil
    AnambéTupíanTupí-Guaranían132 (2000)6 (2000)moribund Brazil
    ApiakáApiacáTupíanTupí-Guaranían1,000 (2009)1 (2008)moribund Brazil
    ArawetéArauetéTupíanTupí-Guaranían339 (2006)339endangered Brazil
    Akwawavarieties: Asuriní do Tocantins, Parakanã, Suruí do TocantinsTupíanTupí-Guaranían1,5481,548endangered Brazil
    Asuriní do TocantinsTupíanTupí-Guaranían384 (2006)384endangered Brazil
    ParakanãApiterewaTupíanTupí-Guaranían900 (2004)900endangered Brazil
    Suruí do TocantinsTupíanTupí-Guaranían264 (2006)264endangered Brazil
    Asuriní do XinguAwaetéTupíanTupí-Guaranían125 (2006)125seriously endangered Brazil
    Avá-CanoeiroCanoeiro, Carijó, Índios Negros, Cara PretaTupíanTupí-Guaranían1616?seriously endangered Brazil
    DiahoiJiahui, Jahói, Djahui, Diahkoi, DiarroiTupíanTupí-Guaranían881moribund Brazil
    GuajáAwá, AváTupíanTupí-Guaranían283 (2005)283endangered Brazil
    GuajajaraTenetehára, Ze’egeteTupíanTupí-Guaranían19,471(2006)14,000potentially endangered Brazil
    JumaYumaTupíanTupí-Guaranían55moribund Brazil
    Ka'aporUrubu-Kaapor, KaaportéTupíanTupí-Guaranían991 (2006)991endangered Brazil
    KayabíKaiabí, CaiabíTupíanTupí-Guaranían1,619 (2006)1,000endangered Brazil
    KaiowaKaiova, Paï-TavyterãTupíanTupí-Guaranían20,000 (2003)most?endangered BrazilParaguay
    KamaiuráCamaiuráTupíanTupí-Guaranían492 (2006)400 (2008)endangered Brazil
    Karipuna dialect [pt] (part of the Kagwahiva languages)TupíanTupí-Guaranían14 (2004)10moribund Brazil
    KokamaKocama, CocamaTupíanTupí-Guaranían9,000(2003)5 (1993)moribund BrazilPeru, Colombia
    MbyáTupíanTupí-Guaranían6,000 (2003)6,000potentially endangered BrazilArgentina, Paraguay
    ÑandevaAva-Guaraní or Chiripá in ParaguayTupíanTupí-Guaranían13,000 (2008)13,000potentially endangered BrazilParaguay
    NheengatuYeral, Língua Geral, Língua Geral AmazônicaTupíanTupí-Guaranían3,000 (1977)endangered BrazilVenezuela
    OmaguaKambeba, Kambewa, CambebaTupíanTupí-Guaranían347few?moribund BrazilPeru
    ParintintinKagwahiwaTupíanTupí-Guaranían284 (2006)10moribund Brazil
    TapirapéTapi’irapeTupíanTupí-Guaranían564 (2006)564endangered Brazil
    TembéTimbé, Tenetehára, TuriwaraTupíanTupí-Guaranían1,425 (2006)60seriously endangered Brazil
    TenharimKagwahiwaTupíanTupí-Guaranían699 (2006)350seriously endangered Brazil
    TupinambaCoastal TupiTupíanTupí-Guaranían2,590 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    Uru-Eu-Wau-WauAmondawa, Jupaú, KawahíbTupíanTupí-Guaranían183 (2006)183seriously endangered Brazil
    WajãpiWayãpy, Waiãpi, Guaiapi, Wayampi, OyampiTupíanTupí-Guaranían905 (2008)905endangered BrazilFrench Guiana
    XetáHetáTupíanTupí-Guaranían86 (2006)8moribund Brazil
    Zo'éPoturu, Jo’éTupíanTupí-Guaranían177 (2003)177seriously endangered Brazil
    XipayaXipaia, ShipayaTupíanTupí-Guaranían595 (2002)2 (2003)moribund Brazil
    YudjáYuruna, Juruna, JurûnaTupíanYuruna362 (2006)300?seriously endangered Brazil
    WitotoHuitoto, UitotoWitotoanWitotoan proper42?possibly extinct (in Brazil) BrazilPeru, Colombia
    MiranhaMirãnha, MirañaWitotoanBoran836 (2006)–extinct BrazilColombia
    SánumaSanïma, Sánïma, SánemaYanomaman462 (2006)462endangered BrazilVenezuela
    YanamNinam, XirianáYanomaman466 (2006)466seriously endangered BrazilVenezuela
    YanomamYanomaeYanomaman4,000 (2006)4,000potentially endangered BrazilVenezuela
    YanomamiYanomamï, Yanomamõ, Yanomama, YanoamaYanomaman6,000 (2006)6,000potentially endangered BrazilVenezuela
    ChamacocoIshirZamucoan1,572 (2002)1,572endangered BrazilParaguay
    AikanãAikaná, Masaká, Kasupá, Huarí, Mondé, TubarãoIsolate200150seriously endangered Brazil
    AtikumAticum, WamoéIsolate5,852 (1999)–extinct (1960s) Brazil
    IranxeIrantxe, ManokiIsolate276 (2006)10seriously endangered Brazil
    MykyMenky, MunkuIsolate80 (2000)80?seriously endangered Brazil
    KanoêCanoé, KapixanáIsolate95 (2002)3moribund Brazil
    KwazáKoaiá, Coaiá, QuaiaIsolate40 (2008)25seriously endangered Brazil
    TicunaTikuna, Tukuna, MagüaIsolate35,000 (2008)35,000potentially endangered BrazilColombia, Peru
    TrumaiIsolate147 (2006)51 (2007)seriously endangered Brazil
    TuxáIsolate3,9272 (1961)extinct (1960s) Brazil
    Arara do AripuanãArara do Beiradão, Arara do Rio BrancoUnclassified209 (2005)–extinct Brazil
    Isolados do MassacoUnclassified100?100?seriously endangered Brazil
    Isolados do TanarúUnclassified11moribund Brazil
    KambiwáCambiuáUnclassified2,8202 (1961)extinct Brazil
    KantaruréUnclassified493 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    KapinawáCapinauáUnclassified3,294–extinct Brazil
    KaririCariri, Kipea, Kiriri, Dzubukuá; TumbalaláUnclassified? 1,469 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    KiririKatembri, Kariri, Kariri de MirandelaUnclassified1,6121 (1960s)extinct Brazil
    MákuMacu, MakoUnclassified?–extinct (2000–2002) Brazil
    PankararuPancararu, PankararéUnclassified6,515–extinct Brazil
    PotiguaraPotyguaraUnclassified11,424–extinct Brazil
    TapebaTapebano, Perna-de-PauUnclassified5,741 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    Tingui-BotóUnclassified302–extinct Brazil
    TremembéUnclassified2,049 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    TrukáUnclassified4,169 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    WassúUnclassified1,560 (2003)–extinct Brazil
    XokóChocóUnclassified364 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    Kariri-XocóUnclassified1,763 (2000)–extinct Brazil
    Xukuru-KaririUnclassified2,652 (2006)–extinct Brazil
    XukuruUnclassified9,064 (2006)–extinct (early 1960s) Brazil
    HuillicheChesungunAraucanian2,000 (1982)few eldersmoribund Chile
    MapudungunMapucheAraucanian604,349250,000endangered ChileArgentina
    AymaraAymaran48,50124,000endangered ChileBolivia, Peru, Argentina
    Selk'namOnaChonan––extinct ChileArgentina †
    QuechuaQuechuan6,1751,000 ?endangered ChileArgentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia
    KunzaAtacameño, Likan Antai, Ulipe, LipeIsolate21,015–extinct (1960) ChileArgentina †, Bolivia †
    YahganYámana, Háusi KútəIsolate1685 / 701moribund ChileArgentina †
    KawésqarQawasqar, AlacalufIsolate2622 / 10120moribund Chile
    AchaguaArawakan283 (2001)283seriously endangered ColombiaVenezuela †
    BanivaBaniva del GuainíaArawakan?few?seriously endangered ColombiaVenezuela, Brazil
    CabiyaríKabiyari, Kawiyarí, Kawiri, Cauyari, CabuyariArawakan311 (2001)311seriously endangered Colombia
    CurripacoCurripaco-Baniva, Kurripako, Baniva del IsanaArawakan7,827 (2001)7,000?potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela, Brazil
    WayuunaikiGuajiro, GoajiroArawakan149,827 (2001)149,827potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    PiapocoPiapoko, TsáçeArawakan4,926 (2001)4,926potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    TarianaTarianoArawakan445 (2001)0?possibly extinct ColombiaBrazil
    Yucuna-MatapíYukunaArawakan770 (221)770endangered ColombiaBrazil?
    Awa PitAwapit, Awá, Awa-Cuaiquer, Cuaiquer, KwaikerBarbacoan15,364 (2001)< 15,364endangered ColombiaEcuador
    GuambianoCoconuco, GuanacaBarbacoan23,462 (2001)23,462endangered Colombia
    TotoróBarbacoan4,130 (2001)4moribund Colombia
    CarijonaKarijona, TsaháCariban307 (2001)< 10moribund Colombia
    Opón-CarareCariban?–extinct Colombia
    YukoYukpa, Yucpa, JapreríaCariban3,651 (2001)3,651potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    ArhuacoIka, Ijka, BíntukuaChibchan14,799 (2001)14,799potentially endangered Colombia
    BaríMotilónChibchan3,617 (2001)3,617potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    ChimilaEtte TaaraChibchan900 (2001)900endangered Colombia
    CunaKuna, TuleChibchan1,231 (2001)1,231endangered ColombiaPA
    DamanaSanka, Malayo, Arsario, WiwaChibchan1,922 (2001)1,922endangered Colombia
    KoguiKawgian, Kággaba, KogiChibchan9,911 (2001)9,911potentially endangered Colombia
    Uwa-TuneboUw Kuwa, U’waChibchan7,231 (2001)7,231potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela †
    EmberáPede Epenã, Epérã Pedée, Pede, Chamí, Catío, Katío, SambúChocoan88,747 (2001)88,747?potentially endangered ColombiaEcuador, PA
    WaunanaWaunán, Waunméu, Waumeo, Chocó, NoanamaChocoan8,1778,177potentially endangered ColombiaPA
    ZenúChocoan34,566–extinct Colombia
    CuibaCuiva, KuivaGuahiboan2,445 (2001)2,445endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    SikuaniHiwi, Jive, Guahibo, Vichadeño, Amorúa, TigreroGuahiboan23,006 (2001)23,006potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    GuayaberoMitua, JiwGuahiboan1,118 (2001)1,118endangered Colombia
    HitnuJitnu, Macaguane-HitnuGuahiboan441 (2001)441?endangered Colombia
    PepojiviPlayero, Guahibo PlayeroGuahiboan< 200 (1982)< 200seriously endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    HupHupda, HupdëNadahup235235seriously endangered ColombiaBrazil
    KakuaCakuaNadahup220220seriously endangered Colombia
    NukakNadahup390390endangered Colombia
    YuhupYuhuo MakúNadahup200200seriously endangered ColombiaBrazil
    YaguaYawaPeba-Yaguan297 (2001)297endangered ColombiaPeru
    IngaInganoQuechuan19,079 (2001)8,000endangered Colombia
    PiaroaSáliba-Piaroan773 (2001)773endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    SálibaSálivaSáliba-Piaroan1,929 (2001)< 1,929endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    BaráWaimaja, Waimasa, Waymasa, Waimaha, Barasano del NorteTucanoan109 (2001)109seriously endangered ColombiaBrazil
    BarasanaBarasano, Barasano del Sur, Pãnerã, Banera YaeTucanoan1,890 (1997)1,890endangered ColombiaBrazil
    CarapanaKarapanaTucanoan464 (2001)464endangered ColombiaBrazil
    CubeoKubeoTucanoan6,647 (2001)6,647potentially endangered ColombiaBrazil
    DesanoTucanoan2,457 (2001)2,457endangered ColombiaBrazil
    KoreguajeCoreguaje, Ko’reuajuTucanoan2,212 (2001)2,212endangered Colombia
    MacaguajeMakaguajeTucanoan50 (2001)0?possibly extinct Colombia
    MacunaMakunaTucanoan1,009 (2001)1,009endangered ColombiaBrazil
    PiratapuyoPiratapuyaTucanoan630 (2001)630endangered ColombiaBrazil
    PisamiraPápiwaTucanoan61 (2001)25seriously endangered ColombiaBrazil
    SionaSionaSecoyaTucanoan734 (2001)500 (2003)endangered ColombiaEcuador, Peru
    SirianoTucanoan749 (2001)749endangered ColombiaBrazil
    TaiwanoTaibano, EduriaTucanoan22 (2001)22moribund Colombia
    Tanimuca-LetuamaOpaina, Ufaina, RetuarãTucanoan1,952 (2001)< 1,952endangered Colombia
    TatuyoTucanoan331 (2001)331endangered Colombia
    TucanoTucanoan6,996 (2001)6,996potentially endangered ColombiaBrazil
    TuyucaTucanoan642 (2001)642endangered ColombiaBrazil
    WananoGuanano, KotiriaTucanoan1,395 (2001)1,395endangered ColombiaBrazil
    YaunaTucanoan103 (2001)103?seriously endangered Colombia
    YurutíTucanoan687 (2001)687endangered ColombiaBrazil
    CocamaKokama, Cocama, CocamillaTupíanTupí-Guaranían792 (2001)few semi-speakersmoribund ColombiaPeru, Brazil
    NonuyaWitotoanWitotoan proper228 (2001)2moribund Colombia
    OcainaWitotoanWitotoan proper137137seriously endangered ColombiaPeru
    WitotoWitoto, Witoto Murui, Witoto Mïnïca, Witoto MuinaneWitotoanWitotoan proper7,3437,343potentially endangered ColombiaPeru, Brazil †?
    BoraWitotoanBoran701 (2001)<500seriously endangered ColombiaPeru
    MirañaWitotoanBoran715 (2001)<100seriously endangered ColombiaBrazil
    MuinaneBora MuinaneWitotoanBoran54750–100?seriously endangered Colombia
    A'ingaeCofán, KofánIsolate1,143 (2000)379 (2008)endangered ColombiaEcuador
    AndokeAndoqueIsolate597 (2001)597endangered Colombia
    KamsáCamsá, KamëntsaIsolate4,773 (2001)4,773potentially endangered Colombia
    Nasa YuwePaézIsolate138,501 (2001)60,000endangered Colombia
    TicunaTikunaIsolate7,102 (2001)7,102potentially endangered ColombiaPeru, Brazil
    TiniguaIsolate1?1 (2008)moribund Colombia
    CarabayoYuriUnclassified217 (2001)217seriously endangered Colombia
    WãnsöhötPuinaveUnclassified6,604 (2001)6,604potentially endangered ColombiaVenezuela
    AwapitBarbacoan3,2832,100endangered EcuadorColombia
    Cha'palaaCha’palaachi, Chachi, CayapaBarbacoan5,4655,871endangered Ecuador
    TsafiquiTsafiki, Tsáchila, Tsachela, ColoradoBarbacoan1,4841,872endangered Ecuador
    Epera PededeÊpera, Epena Pedee, Siapedie, Emberá, Emberá del Sur, Emberá ChamiChocoan6552seriously endangered EcuadorColombia
    Achuar-ShiwiaraAchiar ChichamJivaroan2,4042,943endangered EcuadorPeru
    Shiwiar ChichamJivaroan612579endangered Ecuador
    ShuarChichamJivaroan52,69742,261potentially endangered Ecuador
    QuichuaCañar, Azuay, Cotopaxo, Tungurahua, Chimborazo, Imbabura, Loza, Napo, Pastaza, and Salasaca dialectsQuechuan408,395451,783potentially endangered EcuadorArgentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia
    SecoyaSiona-Secoya, Pai CocaTucanoan24085seriously endangered EcuadorColombia, Peru
    Pai CocaSiona, KokakañúTucanoan304260seriously endangered Ecuador
    TetetéTucanoan?2 (1969)possibly extinct Ecuador
    ZáparoKayapiZaparoan346176seriously endangered Ecuador
    A'ingaeCofánIsolate1,044638endangered EcuadorColombia
    HuaoWao, Waorani, Waotededo, Wao Tiriro, Auca, SabelaIsolate1,5341,616endangered Ecuador
    LokonoArawakArawakan15,500 (2000)1,500seriously endangered GuyanaSuriname, French Guiana, Venezuela
    WapishanaArawakan6,900 (2000)< 6,900endangered GuyanaBrazil
    MawayanaArawakan?few rememberersextinct GuyanaSuriname, Brazil †
    AkawayoKaponCariban5,000 (2000)< 5,000endangered GuyanaVenezuela, Brazil
    ArekunaPemonCariban400–500400–500endangered GuyanaVenezuela, Brazil
    Kari'naCaribCariban3,000 (2000)few hundredseriously endangered GuyanaFrench Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil
    MakushiPemonCariban7,750 (2000)< 7,750endangered GuyanaVenezuela, Brazil
    PatamonaKaponCariban5,000 (2000)< 5,000endangered GuyanaVenezuela, Brazil
    WaiwaiCariban240240seriously endangered GuyanaBrazil
    WaraoIsolate5,000 (2000)fewseriously endangered GuyanaVenezuela, Brazil
    TarumaSaluma, Saloema, CharumaUnclassified?fewmoribund GuyanaSuriname †, Brazil †
    LokonoArawakArawakan2,000500-700endangered SurinameFrench Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela
    MawayanaArawakan60-80< 5moribund Suriname
    AkuriyoCariban40-503moribund Suriname
    Kari'naCaribCariban3,0001,200seriously endangered SurinameGuyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil
    SikïiyanaCariban60-70< 12moribund Suriname
    TrioCariban1,3001,300endangered SurinameBrazil
    TunayanaKatuenaCariban80-9010moribund Suriname
    WayanaCariban450450endangered SurinameFrench Guiana, Brazil
    ArawakLokonoArawakan1,500375seriously endangered French GuianaSuriname, Guyana, Venezuela
    PalikurArawakan1,500< 1500endangered French GuianaBrazil
    AparaíCariban?fewseriously endangered French GuianaBrazil
    GalibiKari’na, Kali’naCariban4,0002,400endangered French GuianaSuriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil
    WayanaCariban1,0001,000endangered French GuianaSuriname, Brazil
    EmérillonTekoTupíanTupí-Guaranían400400endangered French Guiana
    WayãpiWajãpi, WayampiTupíanTupí-Guaranían750750endangered French GuianaBrazil
    AngaitéEnlhet-Enenlhet3,7301,030endangered Paraguay
    EnlhetEnlhet Norte, Enslet, Enthlit, Enlhet-Lengua, LenguaEnlhet-Enenlhet7,3166,439endangered Paraguay
    EnxetEnxet SurEnlhet-Enenlhet5,9303,842endangered Paraguay
    GuanáKashikaEnlhet-Enenlhet25829seriously endangered Paraguay
    SanapanáSa’apan, KasnapanEnlhet-Enenlhet2,327984endangered Paraguay
    Toba-Enenlhetincluding Toba-MaskoyEnlhet-Enenlhet1,5091,253endangered Paraguay
    Toba-MaskoyEnlhet-Enenlhet76412moribund Paraguay
    Toba-QomQom-Lik, Emok-Lik, Takshika, Toba in ArgentinaGuaicuruan1,4991,183endangered ParaguayArgentina
    MakáMacaMatacoan1,3071,042endangered Paraguay
    ManjuyManjui, Chorote in Argentina; three varieties: Iyo’wuhwa, Iyojwa’ja [Yohwaha], and Montaraz [Wikinawos, Manjuy]Matacoan452365endangered ParaguayArgentina
    NivacléNivaklé, Chulupí, AshluslayMatacoan12,16910,109endangered ParaguayArgentina
    AchéAxé, Aché-Guayaki, GuayakíTupíanTupí-Guaranían1,242911endangered Paraguay
    Ava-GuaraníChiripá, Ava-Chiripá, Chiripá-Guaraní, Avakatu-ete, Ñandeva in BrazilTupíanTupí-Guaranían13,8726,308endangered ParaguayBrazil
    Guaraní-ÑandevaÑandeva, TapietéTupíanTupí-Guaranían2,0211,550endangered ParaguayArgentina, Bolivia
    Guaraní OccidentalAva-Guaraní in Argentina, Guaraní (Chiriguano) in BoliviaTupíanTupí-Guaranían2,359574seriously endangered ParaguayArgentina, Bolivia
    MbyáTupíanTupí-Guaranían14,62410,016endangered ParaguayArgentina, Brazil
    Pãi-TavyterãKaiova, Kaiowa, AváTupíanTupí-Guaranían13,3916,364endangered ParaguayBrazil
    AyoreoMoro, Pyta JovaiZamucoan2,1001,756endangered ParaguayBolivia
    ChamacocoIshir, Yshyrö; 2 varieties: Ybytoso, YbytosoZamucoan Paraguay
    YbytosoZamucoan1,5531,174endangered ParaguayBrazil
    TamárâhoZamucoan10685endangered ParaguayBrazil
    MadijaMadiha, Kulina, KurinaArawan300300endangered PeruBrazil
    AshánincaAsháninkaArawakan88,703 (2007)88,703potentially endangered Peru
    AshénincaAshéninka, Axininca, Ashéninca PajonalArawakan20,00020,000potentially endangered Peru
    Campa CaquintePoyenisatiArawakan500500endangered Peru
    ChamicuroChamekoloArawakan126 (1993)8 (2008)moribund Peru
    IñapariArawakan68 (1993)4 (1998)moribund Peru
    MachiguengaMatsiguenga, Matsigenka, NiagantsiArawakan8,679 (1993)5,000endangered Peru
    NantiCugapacori, KugapakoriArawakan450450endangered Peru
    NomatsiguengaInato, Ina’o, Inthome, IntsomeArawakan5,531 (1993)5,531potentially endangered Peru
    ResígaroArawakan14 (1993)2moribund Peru
    Yanesha'AmueshaArawakan10,0008,000potentially endangered Peru
    YinePiro, Apurinã, Yinerï TokanïArawakan2,553 (1993)2,553potentially endangered Peru
    AymaraAymaran434,372 (2007)< 434,372potentially endangered Peru
    CauquiAymaran?9 (2005)moribund Peru
    Jaqaruor CauquiAymaran3,000?725?endangered Peru
    ShawiChayahuitaCahuapanan21,424 (2007)14,000endangered Peru
    ShiwiluJebero, XeberoCahuapanan642 (1993)< 30seriously endangered Peru
    HarakmbutHarakmbut Hate, Harakmbut Ate, AmarakaeriHarakmbut-Katukinan1,206 (1993)1,206endangered Peru
    Cholónor SeeptsáHibitocholonan?2 (1986)possibly extinct Peru
    Achuar-ShiwiarShiwiar-MainaJivaroan2,500 (2008)2,500endangered PeruEcuador
    AwajúnAguajún, Ahuajún, AguarunaJivaroan55,366 (2007)55,366potentially endangered Peru
    HuambisaJivaroan8,0008,000potentially endangered Peru
    AmahuacaAmeuhaque, AmaguacoPano-TacananPanoan247 (1993)100?seriously endangered PeruBrazil
    CapanahuaCapabaquebo, Kapanawa, CapachoPano-TacananPanoan275 (2006)100?seriously endangered Peru
    Cashibo-CacataiboUniPano-TacananPanoan2,191 (1993)2,191endangered Peru
    CashinahuaCaxinahua, Kaxinawa, Hantxa Kuin,Pano-TacananPanoan957 (1993)957endangered PeruBrazil
    MatsésMatsés-Mayoruna, MayorunaPano-TacananPanoan2,5002,500endangered PeruBrazil
    NahuaYura, Yora, YurahahuaPano-TacananPanoan450450endangered PeruBolivia
    SharanahuaMarinahua, Mastanahua, ParquenahuaPano-TacananPanoan438<438endangered PeruBrazil
    Shipibo-KoniboShipibo-Conibo, ShipiboPano-TacananPanoan22,517 (2007)22,517endangered Peru
    WariapanoHuariapano, PanoboPano-TacananPanoan?–probably extinct (1991) Peru
    YaminahuaPano-TacananPanoan400400endangered PeruBolivia, Brazil
    Ese EjjaHuarayo, Guarayo, ChamaPano-TacananTacanan782 (1993)782endangered PeruBolivia
    YaguaYawa, IahuaPeba-Yaguan5,0004,000endangered PeruColombia
    QuechuaQuechuan3,262,137 (2007)< 3,262,137potentially endangered PeruEcuador, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
    OrejónMaihuna, Coto, Payagua, TutapiTucanoan300100seriously endangered Peru
    SecoyaSiona-SecoyaTucanoan329 (1993)329endangered PeruEcuador
    Cocama-CocamillaXibitoana, Huallaga, PampadequeTupíanTupí-Guaranían10,7051,000seriously endangered PeruColombia, Brazil
    OmaguaTupíanTupí-Guaranían630 (1976)2 (2010)moribund PeruBrazil
    HuitotoWitotoWitotoanWitotoan proper3,0001,000endangered PeruColombia, Brazil †?
    OcainaWitotoanWitotoan proper15050seriously endangered PeruColombia
    BoraWitotoanBoran3,0002,000endangered PeruColombia, Brazil
    Andoa-ShimigaeZaparoan?2 (2008)moribund PeruEcuador
    ArabelaChiripunoZaparoan50050 (2001)seriously endangered Peru
    CahuaranoCahuaranaZaparoan?5 (1975)extinct Peru
    IquitoAmacacore, Quiturran, Puca-UmaZaparoan50025–50seriously endangered Peru
    CandoshiCandoshi-ShapraIsolate1,586 (1993)1,586endangered Peru
    MunichiMunicheIsolate?8 (2008)moribund Peru
    TicunaIsolate8,0008,000potentially endangered PeruBrazil, Colombia
    UrarinaKacha Ere, Shimacu, Itucale, CimarrónIsolate2,000 (2003)2,000potentially endangered Peru
    VacacochaAushiriIsolate?2? (2008)moribund Peru
    AguanoUnclassified (Arawakan)?40 families (1959)extinct Peru
    CulleCulliUnclassified––extinct (1950s) Peru
    MashcoMashco-PiroUnclassified200–600200–600endangered PeruBrazil
    TaushiroPincheUnclassified201 (2008)moribund Peru
    AchaguaArawakan––extinct VenezuelaColombia
    AñuParaujanoArawakan11,205 (2001)20seriously endangered Venezuela
    BanivaBaníwa, Banibo, Baniva-Yavitero, Baniva del GuainíaArawakan2,408 (2001)608endangered VenezuelaColombia, Brazil
    BaréArawakan2,815 (2001)239 / fewmoribund VenezuelaBrazil
    KurripakoCurripaco, Wakuénai, Baniva-Kurripako, Baniwa del IsanaArawakan4,925 (2001)3,743potentially endangered VenezuelaColombia, Brazil
    LokonoArhwak, AruacoArawakan428 (2001)130seriously endangered VenezuelaFrench Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
    MandahuacaMandawakaArawakan?–possibly extinct VenezuelaBrazil
    PiapokoPiapoco, TsáçeArawakan1,939 (2001)1,745potentially endangered VenezuelaColombia
    WarekenaGuarequenaArawakan513 (2001)160seriously endangered VenezuelaBrazil
    WayuunaikiGuajiro, WayuuArawakan293,777 (2001)293,777potentially endangered VenezuelaColombia
    YaviteroBaniva-Yavitero, BaniboArawakan?1 (2000)possibly extinct Venezuela
    AkawayoKaponCariban245 (2001)180endangered VenezuelaGuyana, Brazil
    ChaimaCariban4,084 (2001)63seriously endangered Venezuela
    E'ñepaPanare, MapoyoCariban4,269 (2001)4,184potentially endangered Venezuela
    KariñaKariñá, Kari’na, GalibiCariban16,686 (2001)< 5,000endangered VenezuelaFrench Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
    KumanagotoCariban553 (2001)49seriously endangered Venezuela
    MakushiMacushi, MakuxiCariban83 (2001)not knownendangered VenezuelaGuyana, Brazil
    MapoyoMapoio, WánaiCariban365 (2001)12moribund Venezuela
    PatamonaKapónCariban200200?endangered VenezuelaGuyana, Brazil
    PemonArekuna, Taurepan(g), KamarakotoCariban27,157 (2001)23,083potentially endangered VenezuelaGuyana, Brazil
    PémonoCariban?1possibly extinct Venezuela
    PiritugotoCariban236 (2001)50seriously endangered Venezuela
    YawaranaYavarana, YabaranaCariban292 (2001)151seriously endangered Venezuela
    Ye'kuanaYe’kwana, De’kwana, Maquiritare, MaiongongCariban6,523 (2001)6,200endangered VenezuelaBrazil
    YukpaYucpa, JapreríaCariban7,522 (2001)< 7,522potentially endangered VenezuelaColombia
    BaríMotilónChibchan1,520 (1992)1,520endangered VenezuelaColombia
    TuneboUwa-TuneboChibchan??possibly extinct VenezuelaColombia
    KuivaCuiva, CuibaGuahiboan454 (2001)440endangered VenezuelaColombia
    HiwiJivi, Guahibo, SikuaniGuahiboan14,750 (2001)12,000potentially endangered VenezuelaColombia
    PepojiviPlayero, Guahibo PlayeroGuahiboan200200seriously endangered VenezuelaColombia
    MakoWirú, WiröSáliba-Piaroan1,130 (2001)mostendangered Venezuela
    PiaroaWothüha, Wotjüja, Wu’tjujaSáliba-Piaroan14,494 (2001)13,000endangered VenezuelaColombia
    SálibaSálivaSáliba-Piaroan265 (2001)36seriously endangered VenezuelaColombia
    YeralGeral, Nheengatu, ÑengatúTupíanTupí-Guaranían1,294 (2001)650endangered VenezuelaBrazil
    NinamYanamYanomaman??seriously endangered VenezuelaBrazil
    SanïmaSanema, SanumaYanomaman3,035 (2001)3,035potentially endangered VenezuelaBrazil
    YanomaeYanomam, Yanomamë, YanomamaYanomaman??potentially endangered VenezuelaBrazil
    YanomamïYanoamï, YanoamaeYanomaman12,234 (2001)12,234potentially endangered VenezuelaBrazil
    HodïHoti, Jodi, HoIsolate767 (2001)767endangered Venezuela
    PuméYaruroIsolate8,2227,400endangered Venezuela
    SapéKariana, Kaliana, CalianaIsolate20 (2008)few eldersmoribund Venezuela
    UruakArutani, AwakeIsolate29 (2001)29seriously endangered VenezuelaBrazil?
    WaraoIsolate36,028 (2001)32,400potentially endangered VenezuelaGuyana
    PuinaveWãnsöhötUnclassified1,307 (2001)550endangered VenezuelaColombia

    Languages by classification

    [edit]

    Jolkesky (2016)

    [edit]
    See also: Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas § Jolkesky (2016)

    Jolkesky (2016) lists 43 language families and 66 language isolates (and/or unclassified languages) in South America – a total of 109 independent families and isolates.[2]: 783–806 

    Andoke-Urekena
    Arawa
    Barbakoa
    Bora-Muinane
    Chacha-Cholon-Hibito
    Chapakura-Wañam
    Charrua
    Chibcha
    Choko
    Chon
    Duho
    Guahibo
    Harakmbet-Katukina
    Jaqi
    Jirajara †
    Jivaro
    Karib
    Kawapana
    Kechua
    • Kechua I
      • Kechua Pacaraos
      • Kechua I, Central
        • Wallaga
          • Kechua Ambo-Pasco
          • Kechua Cajatambo
          • Kechua Wallaga
          • Kechua Wamalies
          • Kechua Junin
          • Kechua Tusi Pasco
        • Wankay
          • Kechua Waylla Wanka
          • Kechua Jauja-Wanka
        • Waylay
          • Kechua Conchucos, Southern
          • Kechua Conchucos, Northern
          • Kechua Corongo
          • Kechua Waylas
          • Kechua Siwas
        • Yauyos
          • Kechua Yauyos
    • Kechua II
      • Kechua Chincha †
      • Kechua Cusco, Classical †
      • Kechua IIa
        • Kechua Cajamarca-Lambayeque
          • Kechua Cajamarca
          • Kechua Lambayeque
        • Kechua Laraos-Lincha
          • Kechua Laraos
          • Kechua Lincha
      • Kechua IIb
        • Kechua Chachapoyas
        • Kechua San Martin
        • Kichua, Equatorial
          • Inga
          • Kichua Chimborazo
          • Kichua Imbabura
          • Kichua Kañar-Loja
          • Kichua Napo
          • Kichua Pastaza
          • Kichua Pichincha
          • Kichua Salasaca
          • Kichua Tena
      • Kechua IIc
        • Kechua Ayacucho
        • Kechua Cusco-Boliviano
          • Kechua Apolo
          • Kechua Arequipa
          • Kechua Boliviano
          • Kechua Cusco, Modern
          • Kechua Puno
        • Kechua Santiagueño
    Lengua-Maskoy
    Macro-Arawak
    Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru
    Macro-Jê
    Mapudungun
    Moseten-Tsimane
    Mura-Matanawi
    Nambikwara
    Otomako-Taparita †
    Pano-Takana
    Peba-Yagua
    Puinave-Nadahup
    Puri †
    Tallan †
    Timote-Kuika
    Tinigua-Pamigua
    Tukano
    Tupi
    Uru-Chipaya
    Warpe †
    Witoto-Okaina
    Yanomami
    Zamuko
    Zaparo
    Isolates

    Campbell (2012)

    [edit]
    See also: Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas § Campbell (2012)

    Lyle Campbell (2012) proposed the following list of 53 uncontroversial indigenous language families and 55 isolates of South America – a total of 108 independent families and isolates.[3]

    Aikaná (Aikanã, Huarí, Warí, Masaká, Tubarão, Kasupá, Mundé, Corumbiara)
    Andaquí †
    Andoque (Andoke, Cho'oje, Patsiaehé)
    Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipurean, Maipuran)
    Arawan (Arauán, Arahuan, Arawa)
    Atacameño † (Cunza, Kunza, Atacama, Lipe Lican Antai)
    Awaké (Ahuaqué, Oewacu, Arutani, Uruák)
    Aymaran (Jaqi, Aru)
    Baenan † (Baena, Baenã)
    Barbacoan
    Extinct
    Barbacoa; Cara (Kara, Caranqui, Karanki, Imbaya); Pasto (Muellamués (Muellama)), Sindagua (Malla), and Coconuco
    Betoi † (Betoy, Jirarra, Jirarru)
    Boran (Bora-Muinane)
    Bororoan
    Cahuapanan (Jebero, Kawapanan, Kahuapanan; earlier called Maina, Mainan)
    Camsá (Sibundoy, Sebondoy, Coche, Kamsá, Kamemtxa, Kamse, Camëntsëá, Mocoa, Quillacinga)
    Cañar-Puruhá †
    Candoshi (Candoxi, Maina, Kandoshi, Shapra, Murato, Roamaina)
    Canichana † (Canesi, Kanichana, Canisiana)
    Cariban
    Cayuvava † (Cayuwaba, Cayubaba, Kayuvava)
    Chapacuran (Chapakuran, Txapakuran)
    Charrúan †
    Chibchan
    Chipaya-Uru (Uru-Chipaya, Uruquilla)
    Chiquitano (Besïro, Chiquito, Tarapecosi)
    Chocoan
    Cholonan † (Hibito-Cholon)
    Chonan (Tehuelchean, Chon family)
    Chono †
    Cofán (Kofan, A'ingaé)
    Culle † (Culli, Ilinga, Linga)
    Esmeralda † (Esmeraldeño, Tacame)
    Gamela † (Barbados, Curinsi, Acobu)
    Guach' †
    Guaicuruan (Waikuruan, Waykuruan)
    Guajiboan (Guahiboan)
    Guamo †
    Guató
    Harákmbut-Katukinan
    Huarpean † (Warpean)
    Irantxe (Iranxe, Iranche, Iranshe, Mynky, Münkü, Menki, Manoki, Myky)
    Itonama (Saramo, Machoto)
    Jabutían (Yabutían)
    Jêan (Gêan, Jê family)
    Jirajaran †
    Jivaroan
    Jotí (Yoana, Yuana, Yuwana, Waruwaru (Waruwádu), Chicano, Chikano, Joti, Jodi, Hotí, Hodï)
    Kaliana (Sapé, Calianá, Cariana, Chirichano)
    Kamakanan †
    Kapixaná (Kanoê, Capixana)
    Karajá (Caraja, Xambioá, Chamboa, Ynã, Karayá)
    Karirían † (Karirí family)
    Krenakan (Botocudoan, Aimoré language complex)
    Kwaza (Koayá, Koaiá, Quaiá, Arara)
    Leco † (Lapalapa, Leko, Rik'a, Ateniano)
    Lule-Vilelan †
    Máko † (Maco, Makú, Macu)
    Makúan (Makú family, Makú-Puinavean, Puinavean, Vaupés-Japura, Nadahup family, Guaviaré-Japurá family)
    Mapudungun (Mapudungu, Araucano, Mapuche, Maputongo, Chiledugu, "Auca")
    Mascoyan (Mascoian, Maskoyan, Lengua-Mascoy, Enlhet-Enenlhet)
    Matacoan (Mataco-Mataguayan, Mataguayan)
    Matanauí † (Matanawí, Mitandua, Moutoniway)
    Maxakalían
    Mochica † (Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Mochica, Muchic)
    Mosetenan (Mosetén-Chimane)
    Movima (Mobima, Moyma, Movime)
    Munichi † (Muniche, Munichino, Otanabe)
    Muran
    Nambikwaran (Nambicuaran, Nambiquaran, Nambikuaran)
    Natú † (Peagaxinan)
    Ofayé † (Opayé, Ofayé-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, Ofaié)
    Omurano † (Humurana, Numurana)
    Otomacoan †
    Paezan
    Pankarurú † (Pancararu, Pancarurú, Brancararú, Pankarará, Pankarú, Pancaru, Pancaré, Pankaravu, Pankaroru)
    Pano-Takanan
    Payaguá †
    Puquina † (Pukina)
    Purían † (Puri-Coroado)
    Qawasqaran (Alacalufan)
    Quechuan
    Rikbaktsá (Aripaktsá, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa, Canoeiro)
    Sabela (Huao, Wao, Auca, Huaorani, Huarani, Waorani, Auishiri)
    Sáliban (Sálivan, Sáliba-Piaroan)
    Sechura-Catacaoan † (Sec)
    Taruma (Taruamá)
    Taushiro (Pinchi, Pinche)
    Tequiraca (Tekiraka, Aushiri, Auishiri, Avishiri, Avixiri, Abiquira, Abishira, Abigira, Agouisiri, Ixignor, Vacacocha)
    Tikuna-Yurí
    Timotean † (Timote-Cuica)
    Tiniguan †
    Trumai (Trumaí, Tramalhy)
    Tukanoan (Tucanoan)
    Tupían
    Tuxá † (Tushá, Todela)
    Urarina (Simacu, Kachá, Itucale, Urariña, Oruarina)
    Wamoé † (Uamué, Huamoi, Umán, Uame, Huamoé, Araticum, Atikum, Aticum)
    Warao (Guarao, Warau, Warrau, Guaruno, Waraw, Araote, Faraute)
    Witotoan (Huitotoan)
    Xukurú † (Xucuru, Ichikile, Shukurú)
    Yagan (Yahgan, Yaghan, Yamana, Yámana, Tequenica, Yapoo)
    Yaguan (Peban, Peba-Yaguan family)
    Yanomaman (Yanomamian)
    Yaruro (Pumé, Llaruro, Yaruru, Yuapín)
    Yaté (Fulnio, Furniô, Fórnio, Carnijó, Iaté, Yathé)
    Yuracaré (Yuracare, Yurucar, Yuracar, Yurujure, Cuchi, Enete)
    Yurumanguí † (Yurimanguí)
    Zamucoan
    Zaparoan

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Crevels, Mily (2012). "Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 167–234. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
    2. ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
    3. ^ Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_indigenous_languages_of_South_America&oldid=1186457643"
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