Кертисс Сокол
| Сокол | |
|---|---|
 Curtiss A-3 Сокол. Это был первый самолет A-3, позже преобразованный в O-1B. | |
| Общая информация | |
| Тип | Наблюдение, атака |
| Производитель | Curtiss Airplane and Motor Company |
| Основные пользователи | United States Army Air Corps |
| Number built | 338 USAAC[1] 150 USN/USMC |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1925 |
| Retired | October 1937 |
Curtiss Falcon представлял собой семью военных биплановых самолетов, построенных американским производителем самолетов Curtiss Airplane and Motor Company в 1920 -х годах. Большинство рассматривали услуги в рамках воздушного корпуса армии Соединенных Штатов в качестве самолета наблюдения с обозначениями O-1 и O-11 , или в качестве самолета атаки обозначал A-3 Falcon .
Варианты ВМС США изначально использовались в качестве бомбардировщиков-истребителей с обозначением F8C Falcon , а затем в качестве первых морской пехоты США бомбардировщиков с именем Helldiver . Два более поздних поколения дайв-бомбардировщиков Кертисс также назвали Helldiver .
Этот тип был введен в 1925 году и увидел службу первой линии в Соединенных Штатах до 1934 года. Соколы Кертисс сражались в конституционной революции 1932 года в Бразилии , используемых силами Сан-Паулу .
Дизайн и разработка
[ редактировать ]The Falcon XO-1 prototype was evaluated by the USAAC along with eleven other prototypes in 1924 and the Douglas XO-2 was declared the winner of that competition. So Curtiss re-engined the prototype with the Packard 1A-1500 for the 1925 trials, which it won. The engine failed to live up to expectations and the O-1 ordered by the Army was fitted with the 435 hp (324 kW) Curtiss V-1150 (D-12) engine.[1]
The aircraft was a conventional unequal-span biplane design with wooden wings, while the fuselage was built using aluminum tubing with steel tie rod bracing.[2] The landing gear was fixed and the tail included a balanced rudder with a rear skid originally, later changed to a tailwheel.[citation needed]
The initial A-3 Falcon order was placed in the winter of 1927 and delivery of the first plane was in October 1927. A total of 76 A-3s were received. Later, six aircraft were modified as pilot trainers with dual controls and redesignated A-3A. A second batch of 78 improved A-3Bs, based on the Curtiss O-1E, was purchased beginning in 1929.[citation needed]
Operational history
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021) |
Reasonably successful as an observation aircraft, Falcons flew primarily in the 1st, 5th and 99th Observation Squadrons of the 9th Observation Group, Mitchel Field, New York. The A-3 Attack Falcon saw considerable use, in first-line service with the 8th, 13th and 19th Attack Squadrons of the 3rd Attack Group, Barksdale Field, Louisiana, and the 26th Attack Squadron in Hawaii from 1928 to 1934 and second-line service with reserve units until 1937.
The U.S. Navy introduced the F8C-1 and F8C-3 Falcon as a shipboard fighter in 1927–1928. They were later redesignated OC-1 and OC-2 for Marine Corps use as an observation/bomber. The F8C-4 Helldiver variant initially saw service with the Navy, and the first production batch of 25 was transferred in 1931 to the Marine Corps. A total of 34 F8Cs redesignated as O2C-1 observation aircraft were also transferred to the Naval Reserve in 1931, serving with squadrons VN-10RD9, VN-11RD9, and VN-12RD9. Most of the 63 newer F8C-5/O2C-1 Helldivers also served with the Marines, remaining in service until 1936. The type was featured in multiple Hollywood films: Flight (1929), Hell Divers (1932) and King Kong (1933). Two non-flying replicas were built for King Kong (2005)
Curtiss Falcon aircraft fought during the Brazil Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932, under the flag of São Paulo. In Bolivia, the aircraft type also fought in the Chaco War (1932–1935), bombing Paraguayan troops.[3][4] The Colombian Air Force used Falcon F-8 and O-1 in the Colombia-Peru War in 1932–3.
Variants
[edit]U.S. Army Air Corps
[edit]- A-3
- Model 44, attack aircraft version of O-1B, armed with two 0.30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns and 200 lb (91 kg) of bombs; 66 built for the USAAC.
- A-3A
- Six A-3s converted into trainers.
- A-3B
- Model 37H, attack version of O-1E, with six machine guns, including two mounted in wings; 78 built.
- XA-4
- One A-3 with a Pratt & Whitney R-1340-1 Wasp radial piston engine. Scrapped in March 1932, but the design was the basis for the naval variants.
- A-5
- Proposed A-3 variant with Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror engine
- A-6
- Proposed A-3 variant with Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain engine
- XBT-4
- Model 46, one O-1E converted into a basic trainer for the USAAC.
- XO-1
- Liberty 12A powered Prototype, later modified to use a Packard 1A-1500, one built.
- O-1
- Model 37A, two-seat observation aircraft, the first production model, ten built. One converted into the O-1 Special VIP transport.
- O-1A
- Two-seat observation aircraft, powered by the Liberty piston engine, one built.
- O-1B
- Model 37B, first major production version, powered by Curtiss D-12D (V-1150-3) engine; 45 ordered, 25 built and 20 diverted on the production line to the A-3.
- O-1C
- Four O-1Bs converted into VIP transports.
- O-1E
- Model 37I, variant powered by 435 hp (324 kW) Curtiss D-12E (V-1150-5) piston engine; 41 built.
- O-1F
- Model 37J, one O-1E converted into VIP transport.
- O-1G
- Model 38, final O-1 variant, powered by a 712 hp (531 kW) Wright R-1820F-2 Cyclone engine; 30 built for USAAC.
- XO-11
- Two O-1 modified as O-11 prototypes.
- O-11
- O-1 airframe powered by the Liberty V-1650 piston engine; 67 built concurrently with the O-1s.
- XO-12
- One XO-11 prototype redesignated XO-12.
- XO-13
- O-1 fitted with 720 hp (540 kW) Conqueror engine for the 1927 National Air Races.
- XO-13A
- Second XO-13, fitted with wing skin radiators.
- O-13B
- One O-1C fitted with a Conqueror engine, tested as an observation aircraft, and provided to Secretary of War.
- YO-13C
- Three O-1Es re-engined with 600 hp (450 kW) direct-drive Conqueror engines.
- YO-13D
- One O-11 fitted with supercharged Conqueror engine.
- XO-16
- One O-11 with Prestone cooling system.
- XO-18
- One O-1B testbed for Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain engine.
- Y1O-26
- One O-1E fitted with a geared Conqueror engine.
- O-39
- O-1G refitted with a Conqueror engine and cockpit canopy; ten built.
U.S. Navy and Marine Corps
[edit]
- A-3 Helldiver
- Registry name of XF8C-8, not adopted by USN.
- A-4 Helldiver
- Civil version of XF8C-8 for use by Assistant Secretary of Navy David Ingalls. Later redesignated XF8C-7.
- XF8C-1
- Model 37C variant developed from XO-12; two built for the U.S. Navy.
- F8C-1 Falcon
- Model 37C powered by the 420 hp (310 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp radial piston engine; four built in 1928 for the U.S. Marine Corps as light bombers, fighters and observation aircraft, later redesignated OC-1.
- XF8C-2
- Model 49, one prototype for F8C Helldiver. Original crashed on first factory flight and was replaced by Curtiss with a second bearing identical sn.
- F8C-3 Falcon
- Second production batch of Navy Falcons; 21 built for USN/USMC in 1928, later redesignated OC-2.
- XF8C-4
- Second Helldiver prototype, modified tail skid assembly.
- F8C-4 Helldiver
- Model 49B, production dive-bomber variant for the USN/USMC; 25 built, later designated O2C.
- F8C-5 Helldiver
- Model 49B with ring cowling; 63 built in 1930–31, later designated O2C-1.
- XF8C-6
- Two F8C-5s modified with superchargers, slats, and wing flaps; one later modified as O2C-2.
- XF8C-7
- Redesignation of A-4 Helldiver, later redesignated XO2C-2.
- XF8C-8
- Two prototypes built with canopy-enclosed front cockpit, later redesignated O2C-2.
- O2C-1 Helldiver
- Redesignation of 63 F8C-5; 30 production O2C-1s in 1931.
- O2C-2 Helldiver
- Redesignation of XF8C-8s and one XF8C-6.
- XOC-3
- One XF8C-1 prototype fitted with a Chieftain engine.
- XF10C-1
- O2C-2 re-engined with a R-1510 engine, also temporary designated XS3C-1.
Civil and export
[edit]- Civil Falcon
- 20 civil versions: Conqueror Mail plane; D-12 Mailplane; Lindbergh Special, sold to Charles Lindbergh; Liberty Mailplane, 14 single-seat mailplanes, powered by a Liberty piston engines, sold to National Air Transport.
- Export Falcon
- also South American D-12 Falcon. One seaplane version of the O-1B was sold to Colombia, followed by an order for 15 more. Another 10 Model 35Fs were sold to Peru.[5]
- Colombia Cyclone Falcon
- Model 37F fitted with the 712 hp (531 kW) Wright Cyclone radial piston engine. 100 built for Colombia.
- Chilean Falcon
- O-1E design built under license in Chile, 10 later sold to Brazil. One example ended up in Paraguay as passage fee for the remaining aircraft. It operated mostly as a VIP transport, but made at last one reconnaissance flight over the Chaco war fields armed with two 7.7 mm (0.303 in) machine-guns from a Potez.
- Bolivia Cyclone Falcon
- Similar to Colombian Falcon, it was fitted with the 712 hp (531 kW) Wright SR-1820F-2 Cyclone radial piston engine. A total of nine were built for Bolivia in some odd variants from the Colombian ones. Bolivian Cyclone Falcons mounted one frontal .30 MG and most also one rear .30 MG instead of the two wing-mounted ones. Two had semi-cockpit canopies over pilots cockpit; two had windscreens instead of canopy in both cockpits, these two had no ring mount for rear machine gun.
Operators
[edit] |
Military operators
[edit]
Civil operators
[edit]- Национальный воздушный транспорт управлял 14 самолетами.
Спецификации модель 37H (A-3B)
[ редактировать ]Данные от самолета Curtiss 1907–1947, [ 6 ] Военные самолеты США с 1909 года [ 1 ]
Общие характеристики
- Экипаж: 2
- Длина: 27 футов 7 дюймов (8,41 м)
- Размах крыльев: 38 футов 0 в (11,58 м)
- Высота: 10 футов 3 дюйма (3,12 м)
- Область крыла: 351 кв. Фута (32,6 м. 2 )
- Аэродинамическая профиль : Кларк y [ 7 ]
- Пустой вес: 2902 фунта (1316 кг)
- Вес валового веса: 4476 фунтов (2030 кг)
- Силовая установка: × Curtiss D-12E (V-1150-5) V-12 Поршневый двигатель с жидкостью, 426 л.с. (318 кВт)
- Пропеллеры: 2-летний пропеллер с фиксированным шагом
Производительность
- Максимальная скорость: 139,4 миль в час (224,3 км/ч, 121,1 кН)
- Скорость круиза: 111 миль в час (179 км/ч, 96 кН)
- Диапазон: 647 миль (1041 км, 562 нм) со 100 гал (83 им. Гал; 380 л) Топливо
- Потолок обслуживания: 14 400 футов (4400 м)
- Скорость подъема: 948 футов/мин (4,82 м/с)
Вооружение
- Орудия: 4 × Переживание на 0,30 дюйма (7,62 мм) M1919 Browning Stackens и 2 × гибкие 0,30 дюйма (7,62 мм) орудий Lewis на кольце Scarff в задней части кабины.
- Бомбы: 200 фунтов (91 кг) бомб, установленных на стойках нижних крыльев.
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Связанные списки
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в Сванборо, Гордон; Бауэрс, Питер М. (1964). Военные самолеты Соединенных Штатов с 1909 года (новое изд.). Нью -Йорк: Путнэм. п. 179. ISBN 0-85177-816-х .
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Иден, Пол; Moeng, Soph, eds. (2002). Полная энциклопедия мировых самолетов . Лондон, Ni 9pf: Barnes & Noble Books. п. крышка. ISBN 0-7607-3432-1 .
{{cite book}}: CS1 Maint: местоположение ( ссылка ) - ^ Хагедорн, Дэн; Sapienza, Antonio Luis (2000). Самолет войны Чако . Schiffer Pub. п. 144. ISBN 0-7643-0146-2 .
- ^ Корум, Джеймс С. (3 февраля 2003 г.). "O Poder Aéreo na Guerra do Chaco" [Воздушная сила в войне в Чако]. Air & Space Power Journal (на португальском). Архивировано из оригинала 18 февраля 2017 года . Получено 12 апреля 2019 года .
- ^ Bowers 1979 , p. 311
- ^ Бауэрс, Питер М. (1979). Самолет Curtiss, 1907–1947 . Лондон: Путнэм. С. 292–302. ISBN 0370100298 .
- ^ Леднисер, Дэвид. «Неполное руководство по использованию аэродинамического профиля» . m-selig.ae.illinois.edu . Получено 16 апреля 2019 года .
Библиография
[ редактировать ]- Layman, RD (1993). «Вопрос 15/91: ранний самолет USN». Warship International . XXX (3): 318. ISSN 0043-0374 .
- Хагедорн, Дэн (март - май 1992). «Типы Кертисс в Латинской Америке». Энтузиаст воздуха . № 45. С. 61–77. ISSN 0143-5450 .
- Хагедорн, Дэн и Антонио Луис Сапиенза. Самолет войны Чако . Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7643-0146-2 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Факт Curtiss A-3 на веб-сайте Национального музея ВВС США
- Фактический бюллетень Curtiss A-3B на Национальном музее ВВС США.
- Кертисс Соколы Архивировали 2017-07-01 в истории машин и спецификации машин из Справочника Американские боевые самолеты 20-го века от Рэя Вагнера
- «Вест -точка воздуха» « Популярная механика , июнь 1930 года - Фотос страницы 936 (середина), 939 (вверху) и 940 (внизу)