Buddhist temples in Korea

Buddhist temples are an important part of the Korean landscape. Most Korean temples have names ending in -sa (Korean: 사; Hanja: 寺), which means "monastery" in Sino-Korean. Many temples participate in the Templestay program, where visitors can experience Buddhist culture and even stay at the temple overnight.^[1]

Background

A distinctive form of Buddhism evolved in Korea. This was facilitated by the geographical location and cultural conditions. Buddhism first arrived in Korea in 372 in Goguryeo. In 374 the influential Han Chinese monk Ado arrived in the kingdom and inspired King Sosurim of Goguryeo the following year. The first two temples Seongmunsa and Ilbullansa were built in 375 on the order of the king. Buddhism soon became the national religion of Goguryeo.

With the advent of Taoism in 624 the rulers began to suppress Buddhism and its importance quickly declined. The Baekje Kingdom, on the other hand, flourished under the influence of Buddhism. In 552 Buddhist scriptures were sent to Japan. This eventually led to the establishment of Buddhism in Japan.

In Silla, Buddhism was important, too. It flourished during the reign of Jinheung of Silla (540 to 576). Heungnyunsa was built, where any commoner could become a monk. The study of scriptures was greatly highlighted. For about 250 years Buddhism thrived in Later Silla.

Buddhism was admired by Wang Geon, who was enthroned as Taejo of Goryeo. Throughout the country pagodas and other Buddhist structures were built.

In late Goryeo, Buddhism became linked with corruption of the regime. A great number of monks were involved in politics. Bit by bit anti-Buddhist sentiments grew, leading to chaos which was ended by the establishment of Joseon. Taejo of Joseon himself was a devout Buddhist, but the influence of monks was reduced. At times monks were treated as outcasts, but generally there was no hindrance to their practising. Buddhist heritage can be found all over the country in the form of temples, pagodas, sculptures, paintings, handicrafts and buildings.

Typical Layout

A typical Korean temple consists of the following elements:^[2]

Iljumun (일주문, 一柱門) – One pillar gate found at the entrance to temple grounds
Sacheonwangmun (사천왕문, 四天王門), also Cheonwangmun - Gate of the Four Heavenly Kings, to mark the entrance of the temple's boundaries
Beopdang (법당, 法堂) – Dharma hall, used for lectures and sermons
Monastic quarters
Jonggo (종고, 鐘鼓) – bell tower
Daeungjeon (대웅전, 大雄殿) – main shrine hall housing the temple's main Buddha images
Pagoda
Myeongbujeon (명부전, 冥府殿) – judgment hall, housing an image of the bodhisattva Kshitigarbha (지장, 地藏) and depictions of the Buddhist hell
Nahanjeon (나한전, 羅漢殿) – Hall of the Arhats
Sansingak (산신각, 山神閣) – a shamanic shrine dedicated to the mountain god Sansin (산신, 山神), who can be depicted as both a male or a female.^[3] Sometimes called chilseong-gak (칠성각, 七星閣) or samseong-gak (삼성각, 三星閣), this shrine is usually found behind the main shrine hall.
Hermitage

Sacheonwangmun
Beomeosa in Busan.

Daeungjeon
Jeungsimsa in Gwangju.

Jonggak
Guinsa.

Typical layout (to be completed)

North Korea

It is reported that many temples have been taken over by the state. Once the government controls these buildings, they are used mainly as museums of ancient Korean traditions. A few temples are still in use and they are considered National Treasures. Though few temples in large cities survived the US carpet bombings of the Korean War, many still survive in rural areas, and some of the more famous, large temples destroyed have since been rebuilt (such as the Ryongtongsa and Singyesa). All in all, there are 300 temples.^[4]

Yongmyongsa in the 1930s

Singyesa in the 1930s

Sogwangsa in the 1930s

Mahayon Hermitage in the 1930s

Pictures taken in the 1930s

South Korea

There are about 900 traditional Buddhist temples in South Korea, out of about 20,000 Buddhist temples in total.^[5]

Notable temples in both Koreas

Tongdosa

Haeinsa

Songgwangsa

The Three Jewels Temples.

The following list is sorted by Romanized names, but it also can be sorted by Korean names, by provinces (SK=South Korea, NK=North Korea), or by counties (i.e. gun or si). Some Korean names, and founding dates are to be completed (the founding date applies to the location, even if none of the original structures survive). A star in the first column denotes the 31 head temples designated during the Japanese colonial period. Recommended policy: no new entries, except from temples having their own English page in Wikipedia.

*	Province	Temple	Location	County	Hangeul	Hanja	Founded
	NK South Hamgyong	Anbulsa	Tonghung-ri	Kumya-gun	안불사	安佛寺
	NK Kangwon	Anbyon Pohyonsa	Ryongsin-ri	Anbyŏn-gun	보현사	普賢寺
	NK South Pyongan	Anguksa	Ponghak-dong	Pyongsong-si	안국사	安國寺	503
	NK North Hwanghae	Anhwasa	Koryo-dong	Kaesong-si	안화사	安和寺	930
*	SK South Jeolla	Baegyangsa	Bukha-myeon	Jangseong-gun	백양사	白羊寺	632
	SK Gangwon	Baekdamsa	near Seoraksan	Inje-gun	백담사	百潭寺	650 circa
	SK North Gyeongsang	Baekryulsa in Gyeongju	Geumgangsan, Dongcheon-dong	Gyeongju-si	백률사	栢栗寺	692
	SK South Jeolla	Baengnyeonsa	Doam-myeon	Gangjin-gun	백련사	白蓮寺	650 circa
*	SK South Gyeongsang	Beomeosa	Geumjeongsan	Busan-si	범어사	梵魚寺	678
	SK Jeju Island	Beophwasa	-	-
*	SK North Chungcheong	Beopjusa	Songnisan, Naesongni-myeon	Boeun-gun	법주사	法住寺	553
	SK North Gyeongsang	Bogyeongsa	-	-
	SK Gyeonggi	Bomunsa	-	-
*	SK Seoul	Bongeunsa	Samseong-dong	Gangnam-gu	봉은사	奉恩寺	794
	SK North Gyeongsang	Bongjeongsa	Cheondeungsan	Andong-si	봉정사	鳳停寺	672
	SK Gyeonggi	Bongnyeongsa	-	-
*	SK Gyeonggi	Bongseonsa	Jinjeop-eup	Namyangju	봉선사	奉先寺	969
	SK Seoul	Bongwonsa	Bongwon-dong	Seodaemun-gu	봉원사	奉元寺	889
*	SK North Jeolla	Boseoksa?	-	-	보석사	寶石寺
	SK North Gyeongsang	Bulguksa (and Seokguram)	Tohamsan, Jinheon-dong	Gyeongju-si	불국사	佛國寺	528 and 751
	SK North Gyeongsang	Buseoksa	Bonghwangsan	Yeongju-si	부석사	浮石寺	676
	NK South Hwanghae	Chahyesa	Sowon-ri	Sinchon-gun	자혜사	慈惠寺
	NK Kangwon	Changansa×	Naegang-ri	Kumgang-gun	장안사	長安寺
	SK Gangwon	Cheongpyeongsa	-	-
	NK South Hamgyong	Chonggwangsa×	Wonsa-ri	Riwon-gun	정광사	定光寺
	NK South Pyongan	Chongjinsa	Hyangpung-ri	Songchon-gun	정진사	淨進寺
	NK Pyongyang	Chongrungsa*	Ryongsan-ri	Ryokpo-guyok	정릉사	定陵寺
	NK Kangwon	Chongyangsa	Naegang-ri	Kumgang-gun	정양사	正陽寺
	NK North Pyongan	Chonjusa	Yangsan	Yongbyon-gun	천주사	天柱寺	1684
	NK Ryanggang	Chunghŭngsa	Kwanp'yŏng-ri	Samsu-gun	중흥사	重興寺
*	SK South Jeolla	Daeheungsa	Duryunsan, Samsan city	Haenam-gun	대흥사	大興寺	514 ?
	SK Gangwon	Deungmyeong-nakgasa	-	-
*	SK North Gyeongsang	Donghwasa	Palgongsan, Dohak-dong, Dong-gu	Daegu-si	동화사	桐華寺	493 and 832
	SK Seoul	Doseonsa	Bukhansan : 264 Ui-dong	Gangbuk-gu	도선사	道詵寺	862
*	SK North Gyeongsang	Eunhaesa?	Cheongtong-myeon	Yeongcheon	은해사	銀海寺
	SK North Jeolla	Eunsusa	Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain)	Jinan-gun	은수사	銀水寺
*	SK Gangwon	Geonbongsa*	???	Goseong-gun	건봉사	乾鳳寺
	SK North Jeolla	Geumdangsa	Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain)	Jinan-gun	금당사	金塘寺	814
	SK North Jeolla	Geumsansa	Moaksan	Gimje-si	금산사	金山寺	600 and 770
	SK South Jeolla	Geumtapsa	Cheondeungsan, Podu-myeon	Goheung-gun	금탑사	金塔寺	650 circa
*	SK North Gyeongsang	Gimryongsa?	-	-	김룡사	金龍寺
*	SK North Gyeongsang	Girimsa	Hamwolsan	Gyeongju-si	기림사	祇林寺	643
*	SK North Gyeongsang	Go-unsa ?	-	-	고운사	孤雲寺
	SK North Gyeongsang	Golgulsa	Yangbuk-Myeon	Gyeongju-si	골굴사	骨窟寺	*
	SK North Chungcheong	Guinsa	Sobaeksan	Danyang-gun	구인사	救仁寺	1945
	SK Gangwon	Guryongsa	-	-
	SK Seoul	Gwaneumsa (Seoul)	-	-	관음사	觀音寺
	SK Jeju Island	Gwaneumsa (Jeju)	-	-
	SK Seoul	Gyeongguksa	753 Jeongneung-dong	Jongno-gu	경국사	慶國寺	1325
	NK North Pyongan	Habiro Hermitage	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	하비로암	下毘盧庵
	SK South Gyeongsang	Haedong Yonggungsa	???	Busan-si	해동용궁사	海東龍宮寺
*	SK South Gyeongsang	Haeinsa	Gayasan	Hapcheon-gun	해인사	海印寺	802
	NK South Hwanghae	Hakrimsa×	Hakrim-ri	Changyon-gun	학림사	鶴林寺
	NK South Hwanghae	Hanging Hermitage	Changsusan, Sorim-ri	Chaeryong-gun	현암	縣庵
	NK South Hamgyong	Hungbok Hermitage	Sudong-ri	Hamhung-si	흥복암	興復庵
	NK North Hwanghae	Hungwangsa×	Sambong-ri	Kaepung-gun	흥왕사	興王寺
*	SK South Jeolla	Hwaeomsa	Jirisan, Masan-myeon	Gurye-gun	화엄사	華嚴寺	544
	NK North Pyongan	Hwajang Hermitage	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	화장암	華藏庵
	SK North Gyeongsang	Hwangnyongsa	Tohamsan	Gyeongju National Park	황룡사	皇龍寺	553
	NK North Hamgyong	Hwasong Ssanggyesa	Puam-ri	Myonggan-gun	쌍계사	雙磎寺
	SK Gyeonggi	Jajaeam	-	-
*	SK Gyeonggi	Jeondeungsa	???	Ganghwa-gun	전등사	傳燈寺
	SK South Jeolla	Jeungsimsa	Mudeungsan	Gwangju-si	증심사	証心寺
	SK North Gyeongsang	Jikjisa	Hwangaksan, Daehang-myeon	Gimcheon-si	직지사	直指寺	418
	SK Seoul	Jingwansa	-	-	진관사	津寬寺
	SK Seoul	Jogyesa	Gyeonji-dong	Jongno-gu	조계사	曹溪寺	1395 & 1910
	NK North Hamgyong	Kaesimsa	Pochon-ri	Myongchon-gun	개심사	開心寺	826 and 1377
	NK North Pyongan	Kaewonsa	Tangsang-ri	Kwaksan-gun	개원사	開元寺
	NK South Hwanghae	Kangsosa	Kangho-ri	Paechon-gun	강서사	江西寺
	NK North Pyongan	Kumgwangsa	Kumgwang-ri	Uiju-gun	금광사	金光寺
	NK Pyongyang	Kwangbopsa*	Taesong-dong	Taesong-guyok	광법사	廣法寺
	NK South Hamgyong	Kwangjesa	Chuksang-ri	Pukchong-gun	광제사	光濟寺
	NK North Hwanghae	Kwanumsa	Pakyon-ri	Kaesong-si	관음사	觀音寺	970 and 1393
	NK North Hwanghae	Kwijinsa	Songwol-ri	Sohung-gun	귀진사	歸眞寺
*	NK South Hamgyong	Kwijusa×	Kumsil-dong	Hamhung-si	귀주사	歸州寺
	NK North Pyongan	Kyejo Hermitage	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	계조암	繼祖庵
*	SK South Chungcheong	Magoksa	Taehwasan	Gongju-si	마곡사	麻谷寺	640
	NK Kangwon	Mahayon Hermitage×	Naegang-ri	Kumgang-gun	마하연	摩訶衍
	NK North Pyongan	Mannyonsa	Songan-dong	Kusong-si	만년사	萬年寺
	NK Chagang	Mansu Hermitage	Changp'yong-ri	Huichon-si	만수암	萬壽庵
	NK North Pyongan	Mansu Hermitage	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	만수암	萬壽庵
	SK South Jeolla	Mihwangsa	Dalmasan	Haenam-gun	미황사	美黃寺	749
	SK North Jeolla	Mireuksa	Geumma-myeon	Iksan-si	미륵사	彌勒寺	602
	NK Kangwon	Myongjoksa	Yongsam-ri	Wonsan-si	명적사	明寂寺
	SK North Jeolla	Naesosa	Jinseo-myeon	Buan-gun	내소사		633
	SK Gangwon	Naksansa	Ganghyeon-myeon	Yangyang-gun	낙산사	洛山寺	671
	NK North Pyongan	Nungin Hermitage	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	능인암	能仁唵
	SK Gangwon	Oseam	Seoraksan	???	오세암	五歲庵	643
*	NK South Hwanghae	Paeyopsa×	Paeyop-ri	Anak-gun	패엽사	貝葉寺
	SK North Gyeongsang	Pagyesa	Palgongsan	Daegu-si	파계사	把溪寺
	NK North Pyongan	Pakchon Simwonsa	Sangyang-ri	Pakchon-gun	심원사	深源寺
	NK Pyongyang	Pobun Hermitage	Ryongbong-ri	Mangyongdae-guyok	법운암	法雲庵
	NK Kangwon	Podok Hermitage	Naegang-ri	Kumgang-gun	보덕암	普德庵
*	NK North Pyongan	Pohyonsa	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	보현사	普賢寺	1025 circa
	NK Kangwon	Pomun Hermitage	Solbong-ri	Kosan-gun	보덕암	普德庵
*	NK South Pyongan	Pophungsa	Sinsong-ri	Pyongwon-gun	법흥사	法興寺
	NK North Pyongan	Powolsa	Uhyon-ri	Kujang-gun	보월사	寶月寺
	NK North Hwanghae	Pulilsa×	Sonjok-ri	Changpung-gun	관음사	佛日寺
	NK Kangwon	Pulji Hermitage	Naegang-ri	Kumgang-gun	불지암	佛地庵
	NK South Hamgyong	Pulji Hermitage	Ponghung-ri	Yonggwang-gun	불지암	佛地庵
	NK North Pyongan	Puryong Hermitage	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	불영대	佛影臺
	NK Kangwon	Pyohunsa	Naegang-ri	Kumgang-gun	표훈사	表訓寺	670
	NK South Hamgyong	Ryangchonsa	Nakchon-ri	Kowon-gun	량천사	梁泉寺
	NK Kangwon	Ryongchusa	Mihyon-ri	Anbyŏn-gun	령추사	靈鷲寺
	NK South Hamgyong	Ryonghungsa	Ponghung-ri	Yonggwang-gun	룡흥사	龍興寺	1048
	NK Pyongyang	Ryonghwasa	Kaeson-dong	Moranbong-guyok	룡화사	龍華寺
	NK North Pyongan	Ryongmunsa	Ryongdung Worker's District	Kujang-gun	룡문사	龍門寺
	NK North Hwanghae	Ryongtongsa*	Ryonghung-dong	Kaesong-si	령통사	靈通寺	1027
	SK Gangwon	Samhwasa	Samhwa-dong	Donghae-si	삼화사	三和寺
	NK North Pyongan	Sangwon Hermitage	Hyangam-ri	Hyangsan-gun	상원암	上元庵
*	SK South Jeolla	Seonamsa?	Jogyesan	Suncheon-si	선암사	仙巖寺
	SK Jeju Island	Seondeoksa	-	-
	SK North Jeolla	Seonunsa	Dosolsan, Asan-myeon	Gochang-gun	선운사	禪雲寺	577
	SK Gyeonggi	Silleuksa	73, Silleuksa-gil	Yeoju-si	신륵사	神勒寺	580
	SK North Jeolla	Silsangsa	???	Namwon-si	실상사	實相寺
	NK North Hwanghae	Yontan Simwonsa	Yontan	Yŏntan-gun	심원사	心源寺	*
	NK South Hwanghae	Singwangsa×	Singwang-ri	Haeju-si	신광사	神光寺
	NK Kangwon	Singyesa*	Onjong-ri	Kosong-gun	신계사	神溪寺	519
	SK Gangwon	Sinheungsa	Seoraksan	Sokcho-si	신흥사 향성사	神興寺香城寺	650 circa
*	NK South Hamgyong ?	Sogwangsa×	Solbong-ri	Kosan-gun	석왕사	釋王寺	1386
*	NK North Hwanghae	Songbulsa	Jongbang-ri	Sariwon-si	성불사	成佛寺	898
*	SK South Jeolla	Songgwangsa	Songgwangsan	???	송광사	松廣寺	867 and 1190
	NK South Hwanghae	Songwol Hermitage	Hakrim-ri	Changyon-gun	송월암	松月庵
	NK North Pyongan	Sounsa	Yongbyon	???	서운사	棲雲寺
	SK South Gyeongsang	Ssanggyesa	Jirisan, Hwagae-myeon	Hadong-gun	쌍계사	雙磎寺	772
	SK South Chungcheong	Sudeoksa	Deoksungsan, Deoksan-myeon	Yesan-gun	수덕사	修德寺	1308
	NK North Hwanghae	Taehungsa	Pakyon-ri	Kaesong-si	대흥사	大興寺
	SK North Jeolla	Tapsa	Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain)	Jinan-gun	탑사	塔寺	1885
	NK Pyongyang	Tong-kumgangamsa	Osan-ri	Sunan-guyok	동금강암사	東金剛庵寺
	NK South Hamgyong	Tongdoksa	Tuyon-ri	Tanchon-si	동덕사	東德寺
*	SK South Gyeongsang	Tongdosa	Chiseosan	Yangsan-si	통도사	通度寺	646
	SK South Jeolla	Unjusa (NT #312)	Doam-myeon	Hwasun-gun	운주사	雲住寺
*	SK North Jeolla	Wibongsa?	-	-	위봉사	威鳳寺
*	SK Gangwon	Woljeongsa	Odaesan	Pyeongchang-gun	월정사	月精寺	643
	NK South Hwanghae	Woljongsa	Woljong-ri	Anak-gun	월정사	月精寺
	NK Chagang	Wŏnmyŏngsa	Ryujung-ri	Huichon-si	원명사	圓明寺
	SK Jeju Island	Yakcheonsa	293-28 Ieodo-ro	Seogwipo-si	약천사	藥泉寺
	NK North Pyongan	Yanghwasa	Sangdan-ri	Taechon-gun	양화사	陽和寺
	SK Seoul	Yeonghwasa	-	-	영화사	永華寺
	SK Gyeonggi	Yeonjuam	-	-
*	SK Gyeonggi	Yongjusa	Hwasan, Taean-eup	Hwaseong-si	용주사	龍珠寺	854
*	NK Pyongyang	Yongmyongsa×	NK Moranbong Park	Moranbong-guyok	영명사	永明寺	*
*	NK Kangwon	Yujomsa×	Naegang-ri	Kumgang-gun	유점사	楡岾寺	550 circa and 1168

References

^ Cerny, Branko (4 October 2011). "Temple stay: 48 hours at Sudeoksa Temple". CNN Travel. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
^ Grayson, James Huntley (2002). Korea: a religious history. Psychology Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7007-1605-0.
^ "San shin – The Mountain god (산신)". Dale's Korean Temple Adventures. 17 December 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ "Korea, Democratic People's Republic of: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices".
^ Cin Woo Lee (10 January 2020). "33 of South Korea's most beautiful temples". CNN. Retrieved 2020-07-05.

[1] Cerny, Branko (4 October 2011). "Temple stay: 48 hours at Sudeoksa Temple". CNN Travel. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

[2] Grayson, James Huntley (2002). Korea: a religious history. Psychology Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7007-1605-0.

[3] "San shin – The Mountain god (산신)". Dale's Korean Temple Adventures. 17 December 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

[4] "Korea, Democratic People's Republic of: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices".

[5] Cin Woo Lee (10 January 2020). "33 of South Korea's most beautiful temples". CNN. Retrieved 2020-07-05.

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Cosmology	Ten spiritual realms Six realms Deva realm Human realm Asura realm Hungry Ghost realm Animal realm Naraka Three planes of existence
Branches	Mahayana Zen Chinese Chan Japanese Zen Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon Dzogchen Theravada Navayana Early Buddhist schools Pre-sectarian Buddhism Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
Practices	Bhavana Bodhipakkhiyādhammā Brahmavihara Mettā Karuṇā Mudita Upekkha Buddhābhiṣeka Dāna Devotion Deity yoga Dhyāna Faith Five Strengths Iddhipada Meditation Mantras Kammaṭṭhāna Recollection Smarana Anapanasati Samatha Vipassanā (Vipassana movement) Shikantaza Zazen Tukdam Koan Ganana Mandala Tonglen Tantra Tertön Terma Merit Mindfulness Mindful Yoga Satipatthana Nekkhamma Nianfo Pāramitā Paritta Puja Offerings Prostration Chanting Refuge Sādhu Satya Sacca Seven Factors of Enlightenment Sati Dhamma vicaya Pīti Passaddhi Śīla Five precepts Eight precepts Bodhisattva vow Pratimokṣa Threefold Training Śīla Samadhi Prajñā Vīrya Four Right Exertions Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
Nirvana	Bodhi Bodhisattva Buddhahood Pratyekabuddha Four stages of awakening Sotāpanna Sakadagami Anāgāmi Arhat
Monasticism	Bhikkhu Bhikkhunī Śrāmaṇera Śrāmaṇerī Anagārika Ajahn Sayadaw Zen master Rōshi Lama Rinpoche Geshe Tulku Western tulku Kappiya Donchee Householder Upāsaka and Upāsikā Achar Śrāvaka The ten principal disciples Shaolin Monastery
Major figures	Gautama Buddha Nagasena Aśvaghoṣa Nagarjuna Asanga Vasubandhu Kumārajīva Buddhaghosa Buddhapālita Dignāga Bodhidharma Zhiyi Emperor Wen of Sui Songtsen Gampo Xuanzang Shandao Padmasambhāva Saraha Atiśa Naropa Karmapa Hōnen Shinran Dōgen Nichiren Shamarpa Dalai Lama Panchen Lama Ajahn Mun B. R. Ambedkar Ajahn Chah Thích Nhất Hạnh
Texts	Early Buddhist Texts Tripiṭaka Mahayana sutras Pāli Canon Chinese Buddhist canon Tibetan Buddhist canon Dhammapada Sutra Vinaya Madhyamakālaṃkāra Abhidharmadīpa
Countries	Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China India Indonesia Japan Korea Laos Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Russia Buryatia Kalmykia Tuva (ru) Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Tibet Vietnam Africa Senegal South Africa Central Asia Uzbekistan Middle East Iran Saudi Arabia Western countries Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Costa Rica Czech Republic France Germany Italy Mexico New Zealand Norway Poland Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom United States Venezuela
History	Timeline Ashoka Kanishka Buddhist councils History of Buddhism in India Decline of Buddhism in India Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution Greco-Buddhism Menander I Buddhism and the Roman world Buddhism in the West Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Persecution of Buddhists Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal Buddhist crisis Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism Buddhist modernism Vipassana movement 969 Movement Women in Buddhism
Philosophy	Abhidharma Atomism Buddhology Creator Buddhism and democracy Economics Eight Consciousnesses Engaged Buddhism Eschatology Ethics Evolution Humanism Logic Reality Secular Buddhism Socialism The unanswered questions
Culture	Architecture Temple Vihāra Kyaung Wat Ordination hall Stupa Pagoda Burmese pagoda Candi Dzong architecture List of Buddhist architecture in China Japanese Buddhist architecture Korean Buddhist temples Thai temple art and architecture Tibetan Buddhist architecture Art Greco-Buddhist Bodhi Tree Budai Buddha in art Calendar Cuisine Funeral Holidays Vesak Uposatha Māgha Pūjā Asalha Puja Vassa Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi Kasaya Mahabodhi Temple Mantra Om mani padme hum Mudra Music Pilgrimage Lumbini Maya Devi Temple Bodh Gaya Sarnath Kushinagar Poetry Prayer beads Hama Yumi Prayer wheel Symbolism Dharmachakra Flag Bhavacakra Swastika Thangka Temple of the Tooth Vegetarianism
Miscellaneous	Abhijñā Amitābha Brahmā Dharma talk Hinayana Kalpa Koliya Lineage Māra Ṛddhi Siddhi Sacred languages Pāḷi Sanskrit
Comparison	Baháʼí Faith Christianity Influences Comparison East Asian religions Gnosticism Hinduism Jainism Judaism Psychology Science Theosophy Violence Western philosophy
Lists	Bodhisattvas Buddhas Buddhists Suttas Sutras Temples Festivals
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