Боинг С-17 Глоубмастер III

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C-17 Глоубмастер III
Прототип С-17, известный как Т-1, на испытательном полете в 2007 году.
Роль	Стратегический и тактический авиалайнер
Национальное происхождение	Соединенные Штаты
Производитель	Макдоннелл Дуглас / Боинг
Первый полет	15 сентября 1991 г.
Введение	17 января 1995 г.
Status	In service
Primary users	United States Air Force Indian Air Force Royal Air Force See Operators for others
Produced	1991–2015
Number built	279
Developed from	McDonnell Douglas YC-15

McDonnell Douglas / Boeing C-17 Globemaster III — крупный военно-транспортный самолет , который разрабатывался для ВВС США (USAF) с 1980-х по начало 1990-х годов компанией McDonnell Douglas . C-17 продолжает название двух предыдущих военных грузовых самолетов с поршневыми двигателями: Douglas C-74 Globemaster и Douglas C-124 Globemaster II .

The C-17 is based upon the YC-15, a smaller prototype airlifter designed during the 1970s. It was designed to replace the Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, and also fulfill some of the duties of the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. Compared to the YC-15, the redesigned airlifter differed in having swept wings, increased size, and more powerful engines. Development was protracted by a series of design issues, causing the company to incur a loss of nearly US$1.5 billion on the program's development phase. On 15 September 1991, roughly one year behind schedule, the first C-17 performed its maiden flight. The C-17 formally entered USAF service on 17 January 1995. Boeing, which merged with McDonnell Douglas in 1997, continued to manufacture the C-17 for almost two decades. The final C-17 was completed at the Long Beach, California, plant and flown on 29 November 2015.

The C-17 commonly performs tactical and strategic airlift missions, transporting troops and cargo throughout the world; additional roles include medical evacuation and airdrop duties. The transport is in service with the USAF along with air arms of India, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and the Europe-based multilateral organization Heavy Airlift Wing. The type played a key logistical role during both Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq, as well as in providing humanitarian aid in the aftermath of various natural disasters, including the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2011 Sindh floods and the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.

Development

The McDonnell Douglas YC-15 design was used as the basis for the C-17.

Background and design phase

In the 1970s, the U.S. Air Force began looking for a replacement for its Lockheed C-130 Hercules tactical cargo aircraft. The Advanced Medium STOL Transport (AMST) competition was held, with Boeing proposing the YC-14, and McDonnell Douglas proposing the YC-15. Though both entrants exceeded specified requirements, the AMST competition was canceled before a winner was selected. The USAF started the C-X program in November 1979 to develop a larger AMST with longer range to augment its strategic airlift.

By 1980, the USAF had a large fleet of aging C-141 Starlifter cargo aircraft. Compounding matters, increased strategic airlift capabilities was needed to fulfill its rapid-deployment airlift requirements. The USAF set mission requirements and released a request for proposals (RFP) for C-X in October 1980. McDonnell Douglas chose to develop a new aircraft based on the YC-15. Boeing bid an enlarged three-engine version of its AMST YC-14. Lockheed submitted both a C-5-based design and an enlarged C-141 design. On 28 August 1981, McDonnell Douglas was chosen to build its proposal, then designated C-17. Compared to the YC-15, the new aircraft differed in having swept wings, increased size, and more powerful engines. This would allow it to perform the work done by the C-141, and to fulfill some of the duties of the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy, freeing the C-5 fleet for outsize cargo.

Alternative proposals were pursued to fill airlift needs after the C-X contest. These were lengthening of C-141As into C-141Bs, ordering more C-5s, continued purchases of KC-10s, and expansion of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet. Limited budgets reduced program funding, requiring a delay of four years. During this time contracts were awarded for preliminary design work and for the completion of engine certification. In December 1985, a full-scale development contract was awarded, under Program Manager Bob Clepper. At this time, first flight was planned for 1990. The USAF had formed a requirement for 210 aircraft.

Development problems and limited funding caused delays in the late 1980s. Criticisms were made of the developing aircraft and questions were raised about more cost-effective alternatives during this time. In April 1990, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney reduced the order from 210 to 120 aircraft. The maiden flight of the C-17 took place on 15 September 1991 from the McDonnell Douglas's plant in Long Beach, California, about a year behind schedule. The first aircraft (T-1) and five more production models (P1-P5) participated in extensive flight testing and evaluation at Edwards Air Force Base. Two complete airframes were built for static and repeated load testing.

Development difficulties

A static test of the C-17 wing in October 1992 resulted in its failure at 128% of design limit load, below the 150% requirement. Both wings buckled rear to the front and failures occurred in stringers, spars, and ribs. Some $100 million was spent to redesign the wing structure; the wing failed at 145% during a second test in September 1993. A review of the test data, however, showed that the wing was not loaded correctly and did indeed meet the requirement. The C-17 received the "Globemaster III" name in early 1993. In late 1993, the Department of Defense (DoD) gave the contractor two years to solve production issues and cost overruns or face the contract's termination after the delivery of the 40th aircraft. By accepting the 1993 terms, McDonnell Douglas incurred a loss of nearly US$1.5 billion on the program's development phase.

In March 1994, the Non-Developmental Airlift Aircraft program was established to procure a transport aircraft using commercial practices as a possible alternative or supplement to the C-17. Initial material solutions considered included: buy a modified Boeing 747-400 NDAA, restart the C-5 production line, extend the C-141 service life, and continue C-17 production. The field eventually narrowed to: the Boeing 747-400, the Lockheed Martin C-5D, and the McDonnell Douglas C-17. The NDAA program was initiated after the C-17 program was temporarily capped at a 40-aircraft buy pending further evaluation of C-17 cost and performance and an assessment of commercial airlift alternatives.

In April 1994, the program remained over budget and did not meet weight, fuel burn, payload, and range specifications. It failed several key criteria during airworthiness evaluation tests. Problems were found with the mission software, landing gear, and other areas. In May 1994, it was proposed to cut production to as few as 32 aircraft; these cuts were later rescinded. A July 1994 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report revealed that USAF and DoD studies from 1986 and 1991 stated the C-17 could use 6,400 more runways outside the U.S. than the C-5, but these studies had only considered runway dimensions, but not runway strength or load classification numbers (LCN). The C-5 has a lower LCN, but the USAF classifies both in the same broad load classification group. When considering runway dimensions and load ratings, the C-17's worldwide runway advantage over the C-5 shrank from 6,400 to 911 airfields. The report also stated "current military doctrine that does not reflect the use of small, austere airfields", thus the C-17's short field capability was not considered.

A January 1995 GAO report stated that the USAF originally planned to order 210 C-17s at a cost of $41.8 billion, and that the 120 aircraft on order were to cost $39.5 billion based on a 1992 estimate. In March 1994, the U.S. Army decided it did not need the 60,000 lb (27,000 kg) low-altitude parachute-extraction system delivery with the C-17 and that the C-130's 42,000 lb (19,000 kg) capability was sufficient. C-17 testing was limited to this lower weight. Airflow issues prevented the C-17 from meeting airdrop requirements. A February 1997 GAO report revealed that a C-17 with a full payload could not land on 3,000 ft (914 m) wet runways; simulations suggested a distance of 5,000 ft (1,500 m) was required. The YC-15 was transferred to AMARC to be made flightworthy again for further flight tests for the C-17 program in March 1997.

By September 1995, most of the prior issues were reportedly resolved and the C-17 was meeting all performance and reliability targets. The first USAF squadron was declared operational in January 1995.

Production and deliveries

Paratroopers dropping from a C-17 during a training exercise in 2010

In 1996, the DoD ordered another 80 aircraft for a total of 120. In 1997, McDonnell Douglas merged with domestic competitor Boeing. In April 1999, Boeing offered to cut the C-17's unit price if the USAF bought 60 more; in August 2002, the order was increased to 180 aircraft. In 2007, 190 C-17s were on order for the USAF. On 6 February 2009, Boeing was awarded a $2.95 billion contract for 15 additional C-17s, increasing the total USAF fleet to 205 and extending production from August 2009 to August 2010. On 6 April 2009, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates stated that there would be no more C-17s ordered beyond the 205 planned. However, on 12 June 2009, the House Armed Services Air and Land Forces Subcommittee added a further 17 C-17s.

In 2010, Boeing reduced the production rate to 10 aircraft per year from a high of 16 per year, due to dwindling orders and to extend the production line's life while additional orders were sought. The workforce was reduced by about 1,100 through 2012, a second shift at the Long Beach plant was also eliminated. By April 2011, 230 production C-17s had been delivered, including 210 to the USAF. The C-17 prototype "T-1" was retired in 2012 after use as a testbed by the USAF. In January 2010, the USAF announced the end of Boeing's performance-based logistics contracts to maintain the type. On 19 June 2012, the USAF ordered its 224th and final C-17 to replace one that crashed in Alaska in July 2010.

In September 2013, Boeing announced that C-17 production was starting to close down. In October 2014, the main wing spar of the 279th and last aircraft was completed; this C-17 was delivered in 2015, after which Boeing closed the Long Beach plant. Production of spare components was to continue until at least 2017. The C-17 is projected to be in service for several decades. In February 2014, Boeing was engaged in sales talks with "five or six" countries for the remaining 15 C-17s; thus Boeing decided to build ten aircraft without confirmed buyers in anticipation of future purchases.

In May 2015, The Wall Street Journal reported that Boeing expected to book a charge of under $100 million and cut 3,000 positions associated with the C-17 program, and also suggested that Airbus' lower cost A400M Atlas took international sales away from the C-17.

C-17 yearly deliveries

1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
1	4	5	8	6	6	7	10	11	13	14	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	14	12	10	10	7	5	4	0	0	1

Design

Cockpit of a C-17

The C-17 Globemaster III is a strategic transport aircraft, able to airlift cargo close to a battle area. The size and weight of U.S. mechanized firepower and equipment have grown in recent decades from increased air mobility requirements, particularly for large or heavy non-palletized outsize cargo. It has a length of 174 feet (53 m) and a wingspan of 169 feet 10 inches (51.77 m), and uses about 8% composite materials, mostly in secondary structure and control surfaces. The aircraft features an anhedral wing configuration, providing pitch and roll stability to the aircraft. The aircraft's stability is furthered by its T-tail design, raising the center of pressure even higher above the center of mass. Drag is also lowered, as the wings are far removed from the vortices generated by the two wings of the aircraft.[1]

The C-17 is powered by four Pratt & Whitney F117-PW-100 turbofan engines, which are based on the commercial Pratt & Whitney PW2040 used on the Boeing 757. Each engine is rated at 40,400 lbf (180 kN) of thrust. The engine's thrust reversers direct engine exhaust air upwards and forward, reducing the chances of foreign object damage by ingestion of runway debris, and providing enough reverse thrust to back up the aircraft while taxiing. The thrust reversers can also be used in flight at idle-reverse for added drag in maximum-rate descents. In vortex surfing tests performed by two C-17s, up to 10% fuel savings were reported.

A Royal Australian Air Force C-17 landing at Kharkiv International Airport, showing its landing gear

For cargo operations the C-17 requires a crew of three: pilot, copilot, and loadmaster. The cargo compartment is 88 feet (27 m) long by 18 feet (5.5 m) wide by 12 feet 4 inches (3.76 m) high. The cargo floor has rollers for palletized cargo but it can be flipped to provide a flat floor suitable for vehicles and other rolling stock. Cargo is loaded through a large aft ramp that accommodates rolling stock, such as a 69-ton (63-metric ton) M1 Abrams main battle tank, other armored vehicles, trucks, and trailers, along with palletized cargo.

Maximum payload of the C-17 is 170,900 pounds (77,500 kg; 85.5 short tons), and its maximum takeoff weight is 585,000 pounds (265,000 kg). With a payload of 160,000 pounds (73,000 kg) and an initial cruise altitude of 28,000 ft (8,500 m), the C-17 has an unrefueled range of about 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 kilometres) on the first 71 aircraft, and 2,800 nautical miles (5,200 kilometres) on all subsequent extended-range models that include a sealed center wing bay as a fuel tank. Boeing informally calls these aircraft the C-17 ER. The C-17's cruise speed is about 450 knots (830 km/h) (Mach 0.74). It is designed to airdrop 102 paratroopers and their equipment. According to Boeing the maximum unloaded range is 6,230 nautical miles (11,540 km).

The C-17 is designed to operate from runways as short as 3,500 ft (1,067 m) and as narrow as 90 ft (27 m). The C-17 can also operate from unpaved, unimproved runways (although with a higher probability to damage the aircraft). The thrust reversers can be used to move the aircraft backwards and reverse direction on narrow taxiways using a three- (or more) point turn. The plane is designed for 20 man-hours of maintenance per flight hour, and a 74% mission availability rate.

Operational history

United States Air Force

USAF C-17s fly over the Blue Ridge Mountains in the eastern U.S., December 2005.

The first production C-17 was delivered to Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, on 14 July 1993. The first C-17 unit, the 17th Airlift Squadron, became operationally ready on 17 January 1995. It has broken 22 records for oversized payloads. The C-17 was awarded U.S. aviation's most prestigious award, the Collier Trophy, in 1994. A Congressional report on operations in Kosovo and Operation Allied Force noted "One of the great success stories...was the performance of the Air Force's C-17A" It flew half of the strategic airlift missions in the operation, the type could use small airfields, easing operations; rapid turnaround times also led to efficient utilization.

In 2006, eight C-17s were delivered to March Joint Air Reserve Base, California; controlled by the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC), assigned to the 452nd Air Mobility Wing and subsequently assigned to AMC's 436th Airlift Wing and its AFRC "associate" unit, the 512th Airlift Wing, at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, supplementing the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. The Mississippi Air National Guard's 172 Airlift Group received their first of eight C-17s in 2006. In 2011, the New York Air National Guard's 105th Airlift Wing at Stewart Air National Guard Base transitioned from the C-5 to the C-17.

C-17s delivered military supplies during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as humanitarian aid in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the 2011 Sindh floods, delivering thousands of food rations, tons of medical and emergency supplies. On 26 March 2003, 15 USAF C-17s participated in the biggest combat airdrop since the United States invasion of Panama in December 1989: the night-time airdrop of 1,000 paratroopers from the 173rd Airborne Brigade occurred over Bashur, Iraq. These airdrops were followed by C-17s ferrying M1 Abrams, M2 Bradleys, M113s and artillery. USAF C-17s have also assisted allies in their airlift needs, such as Canadian vehicles to Afghanistan in 2003 and Australian forces for the Australian-led military deployment to East Timor in 2006. In 2006, USAF C-17s flew 15 Canadian Leopard C2 tanks from Kyrgyzstan into Kandahar in support of NATO's Afghanistan mission. In 2013, five USAF C-17s supported French operations in Mali, operating with other nations' C-17s (RAF, NATO and RCAF deployed a single C-17 each).

Since 1999, C-17s have flown annually to Antarctica on Operation Deep Freeze in support of the US Antarctic Research Program, replacing the C-141s used in prior years. The initial flight was flown by the USAF 62nd Airlift Wing. The C-17s fly round trip between Christchurch Airport and McMurdo Station around October each year and take 5 hours to fly each way. In 2006, the C-17 flew its first Antarctic airdrop mission, delivering 70,000 pounds of supplies. Further air drops occurred during subsequent years.

The U.S. Presidential Limousine is transported by a C-17 for long-distance trips.

A C-17 accompanies the President of the United States on his visits to both domestic and foreign arrangements, consultations, and meetings. It is used to transport the Presidential Limousine, Marine One, and security detachments. On several occasions, a C-17 has been used to transport the President himself, temporarily gaining the Air Force One call sign while doing so.

Debate arose over follow-on C-17 orders, the USAF requested line shutdown while Congress called for further production. In FY2007, the USAF requested $1.6 billion (~$2.27 billion in 2023) in response to "excessive combat use" on the C-17 fleet. In 2008, USAF General Arthur Lichte, Commander of Air Mobility Command, indicated before a House of Representatives subcommittee on air and land forces a need to extend production to another 15 aircraft to increase the total to 205, and that C-17 production may continue to satisfy airlift requirements. The USAF finally decided to cap its C-17 fleet at 223 aircraft; the final delivery was on 12 September 2013.

In 2015, as part of a missile-defense test at Wake Island, simulated medium-range ballistic missiles were launched from C-17s against THAAD missile defense systems and the USS John Paul Jones (DDG-53). In early 2020, palletized munitions–"Combat Expendable Platforms"– were tested from C-17s and C-130Js with results the USAF considered positive. In 2021, the Air Force Research Laboratory further developed the concept into the Rapid Dragon system which transforms the C-17 into a lethal cruise missile arsenal ship capable of mass launching 45 JASSM-ER with 500 kg warheads from a standoff distance of 925 km (575 mi). Future anticipated improvements includes support for JDAM-ER, mine laying, drone dispersal as well as improved standoff range when full production of the 1,900 km (1,200 mi) JASSM-XR delivers large inventories in 2024.

On 15 August 2021, USAF C-17 02-1109 from the 62nd Airlift Wing and 446th Airlift Wing at Joint Base Lewis-McChord departed Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, while crowds of people trying to escape the 2021 Taliban offensive ran alongside the aircraft. The C-17 lifted off with people holding on to the outside, and at least two died after falling from the aircraft. There were an unknown number possibly crushed and killed by the landing gear retracting, with human remains found in the landing-gear stowage. Also that day, C-17 01-0186 from the 816th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron at Al Udeid Air Base transported 823 Afghan citizens from Hamid Karzai International Airport on a single flight, setting a new record for the type which was previously over 670 people during a 2013 typhoon evacuation from Tacloban, Philippines.

Royal Air Force

Boeing marketed the C-17 to many European nations including Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. The Royal Air Force (RAF) has established an aim of having interoperability and some weapons and capabilities commonality with the USAF. The 1998 Strategic Defence Review identified a requirement for a strategic airlifter. The Short-Term Strategic Airlift competition commenced in September of that year, but the tender was canceled in August 1999 with some bids identified by ministers as too expensive, including the Boeing/BAe C-17 bid, and others unsuitable. The project continued, with the C-17 seen as the favorite. In the light of Airbus A400M delays, the UK Secretary of State for Defence, Geoff Hoon, announced in May 2000 that the RAF would lease four C-17s at an annual cost of £100 million from Boeing for an initial seven years with an optional two-year extension. The RAF had the option to buy or return the aircraft to Boeing. The UK committed to upgrading its C-17s in line with the USAF so that if they were returned, the USAF could adopt them. The lease agreement restricted the C-17's operational use, meaning that the RAF could not use them for para-drop, airdrop, rough field, low-level operations and air to air refueling.

The first C-17 was delivered to the RAF at Boeing's Long Beach facility on 17 May 2001 and flown to RAF Brize Norton by a crew from No. 99 Squadron. The RAF's fourth C-17 was delivered on 24 August 2001. The RAF aircraft were some of the first to take advantage of the new center wing fuel tank found in Block 13 aircraft. In RAF service, the C-17 has not been given an official service name and designation (for example, C-130J referred to as Hercules C4 or C5), but is referred to simply as the C-17 or "C-17A Globemaster". Although it was to be a fallback for the A400M, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced on 21 July 2004 that they had elected to buy their four C-17s at the end of the lease, though the A400M appeared to be closer to production. The C-17 gives the RAF strategic capabilities that it would not wish to lose, for example a maximum payload of 169,500 pounds (76,900 kg) compared to the A400M's 82,000 pounds (37,000 kg). The C-17's capabilities allow the RAF to use it as an airborne hospital for medical evacuation missions.

Another C-17 was ordered in August 2006, and delivered on 22 February 2008. The four leased C-17s were to be purchased later in 2008. Due to fears that the A400M may suffer further delays, the MoD announced in 2006 that it planned to acquire three more C-17s, for a total of eight, with delivery in 2009–2010. On 3 December 2007, the MoD announced a contract for a sixth C-17, which was received on 11 June 2008. On 18 December 2009, Boeing confirmed that the RAF had ordered a seventh C-17, which was delivered on 16 November 2010. The UK announced the purchase of its eighth C-17 in February 2012. The RAF showed interest in buying a ninth C-17 in November 2013.

On 13 January 2013, the RAF deployed two C-17s from RAF Brize Norton to the French Évreux Air Base, transporting French armored vehicles to the Malian capital of Bamako during the French intervention in Mali. In June 2015, an RAF C-17 was used to medically evacuate four victims of the 2015 Sousse attacks from Tunisia. On 13 September 2022, C-17 ZZ177 carried the body of Queen Elizabeth II from Edinburgh Airport to RAF Northolt in London. She had been lying in state at St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Royal Australian Air Force

Main article: Boeing C-17 Globemaster III in Australian service

A RAAF C-17 in 2010

The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) began investigating an acquisition of strategic transport aircraft in 2005. In late 2005, the then Minister for Defence Robert Hill stated that such aircraft were being considered due to the limited availability of strategic airlift aircraft from partner nations and air freight companies. The C-17 was considered to be favored over the A400M as it was a "proven aircraft" and in production. One major RAAF requirement was the ability to airlift the Army's M1 Abrams tanks; another requirement was immediate delivery. Though unstated, commonality with the USAF and the RAF was also considered advantageous. RAAF aircraft were ordered directly from the USAF production run and are identical to American C-17s even in paint scheme, the only difference being the national markings, allowing deliveries to commence within nine months of commitment to the program.

On 2 March 2006, the Australian government announced the purchase of three aircraft and one option with an entry into service date of 2006. In July 2006, Boeing was awarded a fixed price contract to deliver four C-17s for US$780M (A$1bn). Australia also signed a US$80.7M contract to join the global 'virtual fleet' C-17 sustainment program; RAAF C-17s receive the same upgrades as the USAF's fleet.

The RAAF took delivery of its first C-17 in a ceremony at Boeing's plant at Long Beach, California on 28 November 2006. Several days later the aircraft flew from Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii to Defence Establishment Fairbairn, Canberra, arriving on 4 December 2006. The aircraft was formally accepted in a ceremony at Fairbairn shortly after arrival. The second aircraft was delivered to the RAAF on 11 May 2007 and the third was delivered on 18 December 2007. The fourth Australian C-17 was delivered on 19 January 2008. All the Australian C-17s are operated by No. 36 Squadron and are based at RAAF Base Amberley in Queensland.

On 18 April 2011, Boeing announced that Australia had signed an agreement with the U.S. government to acquire a fifth C-17 due to an increased demand for humanitarian and disaster relief missions. The aircraft was delivered to the RAAF on 14 September 2011. On 23 September 2011, Australian Minister for Defence Materiel Jason Clare announced that the government was seeking information from the U.S. about the price and delivery schedule for a sixth Globemaster. In November 2011, Australia requested a sixth C-17 through the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program; it was ordered in June 2012, and was delivered on 1 November 2012.

In August 2014, Defence Minister David Johnston announced the intention to purchase one or two additional C-17s. On 3 October 2014, Johnston announced the government's approval to buy two C-17s at a total cost of US$770M (A$1bn). The United States Congress approved the sale under the Foreign Military Sales program. Prime Minister Tony Abbott confirmed in April 2015 that two additional aircraft were to be ordered, with both delivered by 4 November 2015; these added to the six C-17s it had as of 2015.

Royal Canadian Air Force

A Royal Canadian Air Force C-17 (code 177703) departs the 2017 Royal International Air Tattoo, RAF Fairford, England.

The Canadian Armed Forces had a long-standing need for strategic airlift for military and humanitarian operations around the world. It had followed a pattern similar to the German Air Force in leasing Antonovs and Ilyushins for many requirements, including deploying the Disaster Assistance Response Team to tsunami-stricken Sri Lanka in 2005; the Canadian Forces had relied entirely on leased An-124 Ruslan for a Canadian Army deployment to Haiti in 2003. A combination of leased Ruslans, Ilyushins and USAF C-17s was also used to move heavy equipment to Afghanistan. In 2002, the Canadian Forces Future Strategic Airlifter Project began to study alternatives, including long-term leasing arrangements.

On 5 July 2006, the Canadian government issued a notice of intent to negotiate with Boeing to procure four airlifters for the Canadian Forces Air Command (Royal Canadian Air Force after August 2011). On 1 February 2007, Canada awarded a contract for four C-17s with delivery beginning in August 2007. Like Australia, Canada was granted airframes originally slated for the USAF to accelerate delivery. The official Canadian designation is CC-177 Globemaster III.

On 23 July 2007, the first Canadian C-17 made its initial flight. It was turned over to Canada on 8 August, and participated at the Abbotsford International Airshow on 11 August prior to arriving at its new home base at 8 Wing, CFB Trenton, Ontario on 12 August. Its first operational mission was to deliver disaster relief to Jamaica following Hurricane Dean that month. The last of the initial four aircraft was delivered in April 2008. On 19 December 2014, it was reported that Canada intended to purchase one more C-17. On 30 March 2015, Canada's fifth C-17 arrived at CFB Trenton. The aircraft are assigned to 429 Transport Squadron based at CFB Trenton.

On 14 April 2010, a Canadian C-17 landed for the first time at CFS Alert, the world's most northerly airport. Canadian Globemasters have been deployed in support of numerous missions worldwide, including Operation Hestia after the earthquake in Haiti, providing airlift as part of Operation Mobile and support to the Canadian mission in Afghanistan. After Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines in 2013, Canadian C-17s established an air bridge between the two nations, deploying Canada's DART and delivering humanitarian supplies and equipment. In 2014, they supported Operation Reassurance and Operation Impact.

Strategic Airlift Capability program

One of the Strategic Airlift Capability C-17s

At the 2006 Farnborough Airshow, a number of NATO member nations signed a letter of intent to jointly purchase and operate several C-17s within the Strategic Airlift Capability (SAC). SAC members are Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, the U.S., along with two Partnership for Peace countries Finland and Sweden as of 2010. The purchase was for two C-17s, and a third was contributed by the U.S. On 14 July 2009, Boeing delivered the first C-17 under the SAC program. The second and third C-17s were delivered in September and October 2009.

The SAC C-17s are based at Pápa Air Base, Hungary. The Heavy Airlift Wing is hosted by Hungary, which acts as the flag nation. The aircraft are crewed in similar fashion as the NATO E-3 AWACS aircraft. The C-17 flight crew are multi-national, but each mission is assigned to an individual member nation based on the SAC's annual flight hour share agreement. The NATO Airlift Management Programme Office (NAMPO) provides management and support for the Heavy Airlift Wing. NAMPO is a part of the NATO Support Agency (NSPA). In September 2014, Boeing stated that the three C-17s supporting SAC missions had achieved a readiness rate of nearly 94 percent over the last five years and supported over 1,000 missions.

Indian Air Force

In June 2009, the Indian Air Force (IAF) selected the C-17 for its Very Heavy Lift Transport Aircraft requirement to replace several types of transport aircraft. In January 2010, India requested 10 C-17s through the U.S.'s Foreign Military Sales program, the sale was approved by Congress in June 2010. On 23 June 2010, the IAF successfully test-landed a USAF C-17 at the Gaggal Airport, India to complete the IAF's C-17 trials. In February 2011, the IAF and Boeing agreed terms for the order of 10 C-17s with an option for six more; the US$4.1 billion order was approved by the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security on 6 June 2011. Deliveries began in June 2013 and were to continue to 2014. In 2012, the IAF reportedly finalized plans to buy six more C-17s in its five-year plan for 2017–2022.

Boeing C-17A Globemaster III ‘CB-8010’

It provides strategic airlift, the ability to deploy special forces, and to operate in diverse terrain – from Himalayan air bases in North India at 13,000 ft (4,000 m) to Indian Ocean bases in South India. The C-17s are based at Hindon Air Force Station and are operated by No. 81 Squadron IAF Skylords. The first C-17 was delivered in January 2013 for testing and training; it was officially accepted on 11 June 2013. The second C-17 was delivered on 23 July 2013 and put into service immediately. IAF Chief of Air Staff Norman AK Browne called it "a major component in the IAF's modernization drive" while taking delivery of the aircraft at Boeing's Long Beach factory. On 2 September 2013, the Skylords squadron with three C-17s officially entered IAF service.

The Skylords regularly fly missions within India, such as to high-altitude bases at Leh and Thoise. The IAF first used the C-17 to transport an infantry battalion's equipment to Port Blair on Andaman Islands on 1 July 2013. Foreign deployments to date include Tajikistan in August 2013, and Rwanda to support Indian peacekeepers. One C-17 was used for transporting relief materials during Cyclone Phailin.

The sixth aircraft was received in July 2014. In June 2017, the U.S. Department of State approved the potential sale of one C-17 to India under a proposed $366 million (~$448 million in 2023) U.S. Foreign Military Sale. This aircraft, the last C-17 produced, increased the IAF's fleet to 11 C-17s. In March 2018, a contract was awarded for completion by 22 August 2019.

On 7 February 2023, an IAF C-17 delivered humanitarian aid packages for earthquake victims in Turkey and Syria by taking a detour around Pakistan's airspace in the aftermath of 2021 Taliban takeover of Afghanistan.

An IAF C-17 executed a precision airdrop of two Combat Rubberised Raiding Craft along with a platoon of 8 MARCOS commandos in an operation to rescue the ex-MV Ruen, a Maltese-flagged cargo ship hijacked by Somali pirates in December 2023. The mission was conducted on 16 March 2024 in a 10 hour round trip mission to an area 2600 km away from the Indian coast. The ship was being used as a mothership for piracy. In a joint operation carried out with the Indian Navy assets such as P-8I Neptune maritime patrol aircraft, SeaGuardian drones, destroyer INS Kolkata and patrol vessel INS Subhadra, the IAF C-17 airdropped Navy's MARCOS commandos, who boarded the hijacked ship, rescued 17 sailors and disarmed 35 pirates in the operation.

Qatar

Qatar Emiri Air Force C-17

Boeing delivered Qatar's first C-17 on 11 August 2009 and the second on 10 September 2009 for the Qatar Emiri Air Force. Qatar received its third C-17 in 2012, and fourth C-17 was received on 10 December 2012. In June 2013, The New York Times reported that Qatar was allegedly using its C-17s to ship weapons from Libya to the Syrian opposition during the civil war via Turkey. On 15 June 2015, it was announced at the Paris Airshow that Qatar agreed to order four additional C-17s from the five remaining "white tail" C-17s to double Qatar's C-17 fleet. One Qatari C-17 bears the civilian markings of government-owned Qatar Airways, although the airplane is owned and operated by the Qatar Emiri Air Force. The head of Qatar's airlift selection committee, Ahmed Al-Malki, said the paint scheme was "to build awareness of Qatar's participation in operations around the world."

United Arab Emirates

In February 2009, the United Arab Emirates Air Force agreed to buy four C-17s. In January 2010, a contract was signed for six C-17s. In May 2011, the first C-17 was handed over and the final was received in June 2012.

Kuwait

A Kuwait Air Force C-17 in 2015

Kuwait requested the purchase of one C-17 in September 2010 and a second in April 2013 through the U.S.'s Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. The nation ordered two C-17s; the first was delivered on 13 February 2014.

Proposed operators

In 2015, New Zealand's Minister of Defence, Gerry Brownlee, was considering the purchase of two C-17s for the Royal New Zealand Air Force at an estimated cost of $600 million as a heavy air transport option. However, the New Zealand Government eventually decided not to acquire the C-17.

Variants

• C-17A: Initial military airlifter version.
• C-17A "ER": Unofficial name for C-17As with extended range due to the addition of the center wing tank. This upgrade was incorporated in production beginning in 2001 with Block 13 aircraft.
  • Block 16: This software/hardware upgrade was a major improvement of the improved Onboard Inert Gas-Generating System (OBIGGS II), a new weather radar, an improved stabilizer strut system and other avionics.
  • Block 21: Adds ADS-B capability, IFF modification, communication/navigation upgrades and improved flight management.
• C-17B: A proposed tactical airlifter version with double-slotted flaps, an additional main landing gear on the center fuselage, more powerful engines, and other systems for shorter landing and take-off distances. В 2007 году компания Boeing предложила вооруженным силам США C-17B для перевозки машин и другого оборудования армейских боевых систем будущего (FCS).
• КС-17: предлагаемый танкерный вариант С-17.
• MD-17: Предлагаемый вариант для авиакомпаний США, участвующих в Гражданском резервном воздушном флоте , позже переименован в BC-17X после слияния 1997 года.

Операторы

Карта стран, в которых эксплуатируются C-17 Globemaster III (выделены синим цветом)

C-17 ВВС США перевозит голландскую PzH 2000 в Афганистан, 2006 г. самоходную гаубицу

Вертолет RAF Chinook загружается в C-17.

C-17 в конфигурации для аэромедицинской эвакуации.

Парашютисты армии США сидят в самолете C-17, когда он маневрирует к зоне высадки для массированной атаки с воздуха.

Самолет C-17 эвакуирует 823 пассажира из Кабула 15 августа 2021 г.

Австралия

• Королевские ВВС Австралии - 8 самолетов C-17A ER на вооружении по состоянию на январь 2018 г.
  • № 36-я эскадрилья

Канада

• Королевские ВВС Канады - по состоянию на январь 2018 года в эксплуатации находятся 5 самолетов CC-177 (C-17A ER).
  • 429-я транспортная эскадрилья , CFB Трентон

Индия

• ВВС Индии - 11 C-17 по состоянию на август 2019 г.
  • 81-я эскадрилья ( Skylords ), Hindon AFS

Кувейт

• ВВС Кувейта - 2 C-17 по состоянию на январь 2018 г.

Европа

• Многонациональное стратегических воздушных перевозок тяжелое воздушное крыло – по состоянию на январь 2018 г. на вооружении находятся 3 самолета C-17, в том числе 1 C-17, предоставленный ВВС США; Базировался на авиабазе Папа в Венгрии.

Катар

• ВВС Эмири Катара - по состоянию на январь 2018 г. в эксплуатации находятся 8 C-17A.

Объединенные Арабские Эмираты

• ВВС Объединенных Арабских Эмиратов - 8 C-17A в эксплуатации по состоянию на январь 2018 г.

Великобритания

• Королевские ВВС - по состоянию на май 2021 г. в эксплуатации находятся 8 самолетов C-17A ER.
  • Нет. 24-я эскадрилья ВВС Великобритании Брайз Нортон
  • Нет. 99-я эскадрилья Королевских ВВС Брайз Нортон

Соединенные Штаты

• ВВС США - 222 самолета C-17 на вооружении по состоянию на январь 2018 г. (157 активных, 47 ВВС Национальной гвардии, 18 резервных ВВС)
  • 60-е воздушное мобильное крыло - база ВВС Трэвис , Калифорния
    • 21-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 62-е воздушное крыло - авиабаза Маккорд , Вашингтон
    • 4-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 7-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 8-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 10-я воздушная эскадрилья - (2003–2016)
  • 305-е воздушное мобильное крыло - база ВВС Макгуайр , Нью-Джерси
    • 6-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 385-я воздушная экспедиционная группа — авиабаза Аль-Удейд , Катар
    • 816-я экспедиционная авиационная эскадрилья
  • 436-е воздушное крыло - база ВВС Дувр , Делавэр
    • 3-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 437-е авиакрыло - база ВВС Чарльстон , Южная Каролина
    • 14-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 15-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 16-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 17-я авиационная эскадрилья - (1993–2015)
  • 3-е крыло — база ВВС Эльмендорф , Аляска.
    • 517-я воздушная эскадрилья (младший)
  • 15-е крыло — база ВВС Хикам , Гавайи.
    • 535-я авиационная эскадрилья
  • 97-е крыло воздушной мобильности - авиабаза Альтус , Оклахома
    • 58-я авиационная эскадрилья
  • 412-е испытательное крыло — авиабаза Эдвардс , Калифорния
    • 418-я летно-испытательная эскадрилья
• Резерв ВВС
  • 315-е воздушное крыло (партнер) - авиабаза Чарльстон , Южная Каролина
    • 300-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 317-я воздушная эскадрилья
    • 701-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 349-е авиамобильное крыло (партнер) - авиабаза Трэвис, Калифорния
    • 301-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 445-е авиакрыло - авиабаза Райт-Паттерсон , Огайо
    • 89-я авиационная эскадрилья
  • 446-е воздушное крыло (партнер) - авиабаза Маккорд, Вашингтон
    • 97-я авиационная эскадрилья
    • 313-я авиационная эскадрилья
    • 728-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 452d крыло воздушной мобильности – Март ARB , Калифорния
    • 729-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 507-е крыло дозаправки - авиабаза Тинкер , Оклахома
    • 730-я учебная эскадрилья аэромобильности (авиабаза Альтус)
  • 512-е воздушное крыло (партнер) - авиабаза Дувр, Делавэр
    • 326-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 514-е крыло воздушной мобильности (партнер) - авиабаза Макгуайр, Нью-Джерси
    • 732-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 911-е воздушное крыло - резервная станция ВВС Питтсбург , Пенсильвания
    • 758-я воздушная эскадрилья
• Воздушная Национальная гвардия
  • 105-е воздушное крыло - Стюарт ANGB , Нью-Йорк
    • 137-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 145-е воздушное крыло — База национальной гвардии Шарлотт , Северная Каролина.
    • 156-я авиационная эскадрилья
  • 154-е крыло - авиабаза Хикам, Гавайи.
    • 204-я воздушная эскадрилья (младший)
  • 164-е воздушное крыло - Мемфис ANGB , Теннесси
    • 155-я авиационная эскадрилья
  • 167-е воздушное крыло - Шеперд Филд ANGB , Западная Вирджиния
    • 167-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 172-е воздушное крыло - Аллен К. Томпсон Филд ANGB, Миссисипи
    • 183-я воздушная эскадрилья
  • 176-е крыло - авиабаза Эльмендорф, Аляска.
    • 144-я воздушная эскадрилья

Несчастные случаи и известные инциденты

• 10 сентября 1998 года самолет C-17 ВВС США (серийный номер 96-0006 ) доставил Вестманнаэйяр кита Кейко в , Исландия, на взлетно-посадочную полосу длиной 3800 футов (1200 м), и при приземлении у него сломалось шасси. Пострадавших нет, но шасси получило серьезные повреждения.
• 10 декабря 2003 года самолет C-17 ВВС США (серийный номер 98-0057 ) был сбит ракетой класса «земля-воздух» после взлета из Багдада , Ирак . Один двигатель был отключен, и самолет вернулся на благополучную посадку. Его отремонтировали и вернули в строй.
• 6 августа 2005 года самолет C-17 ВВС США (серийный номер ВВС 01-0196 ) вылетел за пределы взлетно-посадочной полосы на авиабазе Баграм в Афганистане при попытке приземлиться, разрушив носовую часть и основные стойки шасси. После двух месяцев приведения самолета в летное состояние летчик-испытатель отправил самолет на завод Boeing в Лонг-Бич, поскольку временный ремонт наложил ограничения на летные характеристики. В октябре 2006 года он вернулся в строй после ремонта.

C-17 на взлетно-посадочной полосе авиабазы ​​​​Баграм , Афганистан , 30 января 2009 года после приземления с убранным шасси.

• 30 января 2009 года самолет C-17 ВВС США (серийный номер AF 96-0002 - «Дух ВВС») совершил посадку на авиабазе Баграм. Его переправили из Баграма AB, сделав по пути несколько остановок, на завод Boeing в Лонг-Бич для капитального ремонта. Комиссия по расследованию авиационных происшествий ВВС США пришла к выводу, что причиной стало невыполнение экипажем контрольного списка перед приземлением и невыпуск шасси .
• 28 июля 2010 года самолет C-17 ВВС США (серийный номер ВВС 00-0173 - «Дух Алеутских островов») разбился на базе ВВС Эльмендорф на Аляске во время подготовки к авиашоу Arctic Thunder 2010 , в результате чего погибли все четверо находившихся на борту. Он разбился возле железной дороги, что нарушило железнодорожное сообщение. Военное расследование показало, что ошибка пилота привела к остановке самолета . Это единственная авария C-17 со смертельным исходом и единственная авария с потерей корпуса .
• 23 января 2012 года самолет C-17 ВВС США (серийный номер 07-7189 ), приписанный к 437-му авиакрылу , объединенной базы Чарльстон Южная Каролина, приземлился на взлетно-посадочной полосе 34R на передовой оперативной базе Шанк в Афганистане . Экипаж не осознал, что требуемый тормозной путь превышает длину взлетно-посадочной полосы, поэтому не смог остановиться. Он остановился примерно в 700 футах от конца взлетно-посадочной полосы на насыпи, причинив серьезные структурные повреждения, но не получив травм. После 9 месяцев ремонта для приведения его в летную годность С-17 вылетел в Лонг-Бич. Он вернулся в строй, его стоимость составила 69,4 миллиона долларов.
• 20 июля 2012 года самолет C-17 ВВС США из 305-го аэромобильного авиакрыла , летевший с авиабазы ​​Макгуайр , штат Нью-Джерси , на базу ВВС Макдилл в Тампе, штат Флорида , по ошибке приземлился в близлежащем аэропорту имени Питера О. Найта , небольшом муниципальном поле без с диспетчерская вышка генералом Джимом Мэттисом , тогдашним командующим ЦЕНТКОМ на борту. Через несколько часов Globemaster без происшествий взлетел с взлетно-посадочной полосы аэропорта длиной 3580 футов (1090 м) и совершил короткий рейс на авиабазу Макдилл. Ошибочная посадка последовала за длительным перелетом из Европы в Юго-Западную Азию для посадки военных пассажиров перед возвращением в США. Расследование ВВС США объяснило инцидент усталостью, приведшей к ошибке пилота, поскольку основные взлетно-посадочные полосы обоих аэродромов имеют одинаковый магнитный курс и их всего четыре. миль друг от друга вдоль берега залива Тампа .
• 9 апреля 2021 года на самолете C-17 10-0223 ВВС США произошел пожар в шасси после приземления на авиабазе Чарльстон после полета из британских ВВС Милденхолл , Великобритания. Огонь распространился на фюзеляж, прежде чем его удалось потушить.

Технические характеристики (С-17А)

C-17 создает видимый вихрь , используя реверс тяги , толкая самолет назад на взлетно-посадочной полосе.

C-17 выполняет боевую разгрузку поддонов в Афганистане, июнь 2009 года.

Данные из World Aircraft & Systems Directory Brassey, Информационный бюллетень ВВС США, Боинг

Общие характеристики

• Экипаж: 3 человека (2 пилота, 1 грузчик)
• Вместимость: 170 900 фунтов (77 519 кг) груза, распределенного максимум на 18 основных поддонах по 463 л или смеси груза на поддонах и транспортных средств.
  • 102 десантника или
  • 134 военнослужащих с сиденьями на поддонах и с боковыми стенками или
  • 54 военнослужащих только с сиденьями у боковых стенок (допускается размещение 13 грузовых поддонов) или
  • 36 пометов и 54 амбулаторных больных и медицинского персонала или
  • Груз, например один M1 Abrams танк Bradley , два бронеавтомобиля Stryker . или три бронеавтомобиля
• Длина: 174 футов (53 м)
• Размах крыльев: 169 футов 9,6 дюйма (51,755 м)
• Высота: 55 футов 1 дюйм (16,79 м)
• Площадь крыла: 3800 кв. футов (350 м ). ² )
• Соотношение сторон : 7,165
• Профиль профиля : корень: DLBA 142; Совет: DLBA 147
• Пустой вес: 282 500 фунтов (128 140 кг)
• Максимальный взлетный вес: 585 000 фунтов (265 352 кг)
• Запас топлива: 35 546 галлонов США (29 598 имп галлонов; 134 560 л)
• Силовая установка: 4 двигателя Pratt & Whitney PW2000 турбовентиляторных с тягой 40 440 фунтов силы (179,9 кН) каждый (военное обозначение США: F117-PW-100).

Производительность

• Крейсерская скорость: 450 узлов (520 миль в час, 830 км/ч) (0,74–0,79 Маха)
• Дальность: 2420 миль (2780 миль, 4480 км) с полезной нагрузкой 157 000 фунтов (71 214 кг)
• Перегоночная дальность: 6230 миль (7170 миль, 11540 км)
• Практический потолок: 45 000 футов (14 000 м)
• Нагрузка на крыло: 150 фунтов/кв. футов (730 кг/м). ² )
• Тяга/вес : 0,277 (минимум)
  
• Взлетный разбег при максимальной взлетной высоте: 8200 футов (2499 м)
• Взлетный разбег при 395 000 фунтов (179 169 кг): 3000 футов (914 м)
• Посадочная дистанция: 3500 футов (1067 м)

Авионика

• Метеорологический и картографический радар AlliedSignal AN/APS-133(V)

См. также

Связанные разработки

• Макдоннелл Дуглас YC-15

Самолеты сопоставимой роли, конфигурации и эпохи

• Ильюшин Ил-76
• Сиань Y-20

Связанные списки

• Список действующих канадских военных самолетов
• Список действующих военных самолетов Соединенного Королевства
• Список действующих военных самолетов США

Ссылки

Библиография

• Бонни, Дэнни, Барри Фрайер и Мартин Суонн. AMARC MASDC III, Центр аэрокосмического обслуживания и регенерации, авиабаза Дэвис-Монтан, Аризона, 1997–2005 гг. Суррей, Великобритания: Британская исследовательская группа авиации, 2006 г. ISBN   978-0-906339-07-7 .
• Министерство обороны. Отчет о последствиях операции «Союзные силы» в Косово/Операции , издательство DIANE Publishing; 31 января 2000 г. ISBN   978-1-4289-8107-2 .
• Гертлер, Иеремия. «Закупка самолетов C-17 ВВС: предыстория и проблемы для Конгресса». Исследовательская служба Конгресса , издательство DIANE Publishing; 22 декабря 2009 г. ISBN   978-1-4379-2801-3 .
• Кеннеди, Бетти Р. Globemaster III: Приобретение C-17 . Авиабаза МакКоннелл, Канзас: Управление истории командования воздушной мобильности, 2004.
• Маклафлин, Эндрю. «Большой движитель». Канберра: Australian Aviation (Phantom Media) , сентябрь 2008 г.
• Нортон, Билл. Boeing C-17 Globemaster III (Warbird Tech, Том 30). Северный филиал, Миннесота: Specialty Press, 2001. ISBN   1-58007-040-X .

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт
• Информационный бюллетень ВВС США по C-17
• Globemaster (C-17) - Королевские ВВС
• Страница RCAF CC-177 Globemaster III. Архивировано 21 августа 2021 г. на Wayback Machine.
• Полный список продукции C-17, включая серийные номера производителя (c/n)
• Экскурсия по производственной линии на Калифорнийском Золоте