Список людей из Италии
(Перенаправлено из «Списка итальянцев» )
Часть серии о |
итальянцы |
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Список итальянцев |
Ниже приведен список известных людей из Италии , отличающихся своей связью с нацией через место жительства, правовой статус , историческое или культурное влияние. Они классифицируются в зависимости от их конкретных областей достижений и известности.
Действуя
[ редактировать ]- Джефф Кэмерон (1932–1985)
- Стефано Аккорси (1971 г.р.)
- Генри Арметта (1888–1945), характерный актер
- Роберто Бениньи (1952 г.р.), оскароносный актер, комик, сценарист и режиссер
- Россано Браззи (1916–1994)
- Ландо Буццанка (1935–2022), актер театра, кино и телевидения.
- Марио Каротенуто (1916–1995), актер кино и театра.
- Нино Кастельнуово (1936–2021). Наиболее известен своей игрой вместе с Катрин Денев в фильме 1964 года « Les Parapluies de Cherbourg» и в Италии своей главной ролью в популярном RAI мини-сериале TV 1967 года «I Promessi Sposi» .
- Тино Каспанелло (1983 г.р.), актер, драматург, режиссер и сценограф
- Адольфо Чели (1922–1986), актер и режиссер, сыграл Эмилио Ларго в фильме о Джеймсе Бонде 1965 года «Шаровая молния».
- Джино Черви (1901–1974), актер и менеджер.
- Уолтер Кьяри (1924–1991), актер театра и кино.
- Эдуардо Де Филиппо (1900–1984), исполнитель и актер.
- Мануэль Де Пеппе (1970 г.р.), актер, певец, аранжировщик, музыкальный продюсер, композитор, пианист и барабанщик
- Витторио Гассман (1922–2000), актер театра и кино и режиссер.
- Элио Джермано (1980 г.р.), актер, получивший награду за лучшую мужскую роль на Каннском кинофестивале в 2010 году.
- Джанкарло Джаннини (1942 г.р.) - актер и дублер.
- Теренс Хилл (род. 1939), актер, прославившийся игрой в итальянских вестернах (также известных как спагетти-вестерны ).
- Роберто Ламарка (1959–2017), актер эмигрировал в Венесуэлу. Наибольшую известность ему принесла роль Аристида Валерио в RCTV теленовелле «По этим улицам» .
- Нино Манфреди (1921–2004), один из самых ярких актеров жанра итальянской комедии .
- Марчелло Мастроянни (1924–1996), актер, ставший выдающимся исполнителем главной роли в итальянском кино 1960-х годов.
- Амедео Наззари (1907–1979), актер.
- Альберто Сорди (1920–2003), актер. Изобразил пороки, достоинства и слабости Италии после Второй мировой войны за долгую карьеру, состоящую в основном из комических фильмов.
- Джорджио Стрелер (1921–1997), актер и театральный режиссер, основатель театра Пикколо в Милане.
- Уго Тоньяцци (1922–1990), актер театра и кино.
- Тото , урожденный Антонио де Кертис (1898–1967), актер
- Массимо Троизи (1953–1994), актер и режиссер
- Рудольф Валентино (1895–1926), актер
- Раф Валлоне (1916–2002), актер, футболист и журналист.
- Карло Вердоне (1950 г.р.), актер, сценарист и кинорежиссер
- Джан Мария Волонте (1933–1994), актер. Известен за пределами Италии по ролям в фильмах «За пригоршню долларов» (1964) и «На несколько долларов больше» (1965).
- Лука Зингаретти (1961 г.р.), актер и кинорежиссер, известный по роли Сальво Монтальбано в «Инспектор Монтальбано» сериале
- Марта Абба (1900–1988) актриса
- Пьер Анджели (1932–1971), актриса телевидения и кино, обладательница Золотого глобуса , снимавшаяся в американских, британских и европейских фильмах.
- Лаура Антонелли (1941–2015), актриса
- Азия Ардженто (1975 г.р.), актриса, певица, модель и режиссер
- Моника Беллуччи (1964 г.р.), актриса и фотомодель
- Франческа Бертини , актриса немого кино.
- Николетта Браски (1960 г.р.), актриса и продюсер, наиболее известная по работе с мужем, актером и режиссером Роберто Бениньи.
- Клара Каламай (1909–1998), актриса, известная по роли матери Карло, главной женской роли в фильме Лукино Висконти « Оссессионе» (1943).
- Клаудия Кардинале (1938 г.р.), актриса
- Кьяра Казелли (1967 г.р.), актриса
- Валентина Кортезе (1923–2019), актриса
- Элеонора Дузе (1858–1924), актриса, особенно известная своими ролями в Генрика Ибсена . пьесах [1]
- Валерия Голино (род.1966), актриса кино и телевидения. Известен англоязычной аудитории по фильму 1988 года « Человек дождя » и « Горячие выстрелы!». фильмы.
- Вирна Лиси (1936–2014), актриса, обладательница премий Канн и «Сезар» .
- Джина Лоллобриджида (1927–2023), актриса. Один из первых европейских секс-символов после Второй мировой войны.
- Софи Лорен , актриса. Ее роль в фильме «Две женщины » (1960) принесла ей премию «Оскар» за лучшую женскую роль, что сделало ее первым актером, получившим «Оскар» за роль не на английском языке.
- Анна Маньяни (1908–1973), актриса. Она была дважды номинирована на премию «Оскар» за лучшую женскую роль, получив «Оскар» в 1955 году за роль в фильме «Татуировка розы» .
- Сильвана Мангано (1930–1989), актриса
- Эльза Мартинелли (1935–2017), актриса и фотомодель.
- Джульетта Масина (1921–1994), актриса
- Мариангела Мелато (1941–2013), актриса
- Сандра Майло , актриса
- Орнелла Мути (1955 г.р.), актриса
- Ванда Осирис (1905–1994), актриса, ревю- субрет и певица.
- Розанна Скьяффино (1939–2009), актриса
- Алида Валли (1921–2006), актриса
- Моника Витти (1931–2022), актриса
Архитекторы
[ редактировать ]Древний Рим
[ редактировать ]- Кокцей Ауктус , римский архитектор во время правления Августа.
- Луций Витрувий Кордо , римский архитектор; известен своей работой Арко деи Гави
- Гигин Громатик , римский геодезист во времена правления Траяна.
- Рабирий , римский архитектор, работавший во время правления Домициана.
- Витрувий , римский писатель, архитектор и инженер; автор книги «Об архитектуре» , которая считается старейшим сохранившимся текстом по истории архитектуры.
Средний возраст
[ редактировать ]- Гульельмо Аньелли ( ок. 1238–1313 ), скульптор и архитектор. Он построил колокольню Бадия -а-Сеттимо .
- Пьетро Баседжио (14 век), архитектор и скульптор. В 1361 году он был назначен руководителем строительства дворца дожей .
- Бартоломео Бон (умер после 1464 г.), скульптор и архитектор. Среди его работ — готический Ка’ д’Оро (1424–1430) и мраморная дверь церкви Фрари .
- Бертолино Брагерио (активен ок. 1288 г.), строитель собора Кремоны .
- Якопо Челега (ум. 1386), архитектор. Около 1330 года он взял на себя строительство церкви Фрари.
- Диотисальви (12 век), архитектор
- Маджинардо ( эт. 1006–1032), архитектор, работавший в епархии Ареццо.
- Лоренцо Майтани (ок. 1275–1330), архитектор и скульптор; Основная ответственность за строительство и украшение фасада собора Орвието . [2]
Ренессанс
[ редактировать ]- Леон Баттиста Альберти (1404–1472), художник, архитектор и теоретик. Он написал De Re Aedificatoria в 1452 году; был первым архитектурным трактатом эпохи Возрождения .
- Галеаццо Алесси (1512–1572), архитектор. Его основные работы — церковь Санта-Мария-Ассунта-ди-Кариньяно , дворец Марино (начат в 1557 г.) и дворец Пароди (1567 г.).
- Донато Браманте (1444–1514), архитектор. Под патронажем Папы Юлия II он разработал новую базилику Святого Петра .
- Филиппо Брунеллески (1377–1446), архитектор. Его главная работа — купол Флорентийского собора (1420–1436).
- Бернардо Буонталенти (ок. 1531–1608), архитектор, инженер, дизайнер, художник и изобретатель. Он был одним из величайших эпохи Возрождения эрудитов . [3]
- Джакомо делла Порта (ок. 1533–1602), архитектор, чье творчество представляет собой развитие стиля от позднего маньеризма до раннего барокко .
- Джованни Мария Фальконетто (1468–1535), архитектор и художник. Примеры его работ включают Порта Сан-Джованни и Порта Савонарола , двое ворот в город Падуя .
- Филарете (ок. 1400–ок. 1469), архитектор, скульптор и писатель. Он написал важный трактат Libro Architettonico (1464 г.), защищающий принципы древней архитектуры.
- Доменико Фонтана (1543–1607), архитектор, работавший над базиликой Святого Петра и другими известными зданиями Рима и Неаполя .
- Франческо ди Джорджо Мартини (1439–1502), архитектор и теоретик. Его «Трактат об архитектуре, инженерном и военном искусстве» (1482 г.) — один из важнейших документов теории архитектуры Возрождения.
- Джакомо Андреа да Феррара (умер в 1500 г.).
- Джулиано да Майано (ок. 1432–1490), архитектор; внес важный вклад в распространение стиля Возрождения в Южной Италии .
- Джулиано да Сангалло (ок. 1443–1516), скульптор, архитектор и военный инженер; спроектировал церковь Санта -Мария-делле-Карчери в Прато и дворцы во Флоренции.
- Лучано Лаурана (ок. 1420–1479), главный проектировщик Палаццо Дукале в Урбино и одна из главных фигур итальянской архитектуры XV века. [4]
- Пирро Лигорио (ок. 1510–1583), архитектор, художник, антиквар и дизайнер садов, известный своими проектами Казины Пио IV в Ватикане и садами Виллы д'Эсте в Тиволи .
- Микелоццо (1396–1472), архитектор и скульптор; спроектировал Палаццо Медичи-Риккарди во Флоренции , который установил стандарт дворцовой архитектуры эпохи Возрождения в Тоскане на следующее столетие. [5]
- Андреа Палладио (1508–1580), архитектор и теоретик. Его трактат I quattro libri dell'architettura (1570) сделал его самым влиятельным человеком в истории западной архитектуры .
- Бальдассаре Перуцци (1481–1536), архитектор и художник.
- Антонио да Сангалло Старший (ок. 1453–1534), архитектор. Под влиянием Браманте он выполнил церковь Мадонны ди Сан-Бьяджо (1518 г. – освящена в 1529 г.).
- Антонио да Сангалло Младший (1484–1546), архитектор. Он спроектировал Палаццо Фарнезе в Риме (1534–1546 гг.); крепость, похожая на дворец во флорентийском стиле.
- Микеле Санмикели (1484–1559), архитектор, особенно известный оригинальным подходом к военным укреплениям .
- Якопо Сансовино (1486–1570), скульптор и архитектор. Его Библиотека Святого Марка является одним из крупнейших архитектурных произведений 16 века.
- Винченцо Скамоцци (1552–1616), архитектор и теоретик, автор одного из наиболее полных трактатов эпохи Возрождения , шеститомной «Идеи универсальной архитектуры» (1615). [6]
- Себастьяно Серлио (1475–1554), архитектор и теоретик. Его помнят прежде всего за его трактат Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva (восемь книг, 1537–1575).
- Джакомо Бароцци да Виньола (1507–1573), архитектор. Среди его работ — Вилла Фарнезе для кардинала Алессандро Фарнезе и Вилла Джулия для Папы Юлия III .
Барокко
[ редактировать ]- Франческо Борромини (1599–1667), архитектор. Среди его построек - церкви Сан-Карло-алле-Кватро-Фонтане (1638–1641) и Сант-Иво-алла-Сапиенца (1642–1660).
- Козимо Фанцаго (1591–1678), архитектор и скульптор; представитель архитектуры барокко в Неаполе
- Карло Фонтана (1634/1638–1714)
- Розарио Гальярди (1698–1762), сицилийского барокко. архитектор
- Гуарино Гуарини (1624–1683), архитектор. Он был одним из первых, кто проницательно проанализировал структуру средневековой архитектуры в своем трактате Architettura Civile (опубликовано посмертно в 1737 году).
- Филиппо Юварра (1678–1736), архитектор, рисовальщик и дизайнер.
- Бальдасарре Лонгена (1598–1682), архитектор, известный благодаря церкви Санта-Мария-делла-Салюте.
- Карло Мадерно (1556–1629), архитектор; руководил строительством собора Святого Петра . какое-то время
- Пьетро да Кортона (1596–1669), архитектор, художник и декоратор, известный благодаря церкви Санти Лука и Мартина.
- Карло Райнальди (1611–1691), архитектор церкви Санта-Мария-ин-Кампителли (1663–1667).
- Франческо Бартоломео Растрелли (1700–1771), архитектор в стиле барокко, работавший в России.
- Винченцо Синатра (1720–1765), архитектор. После землетрясения в Ното 1693 года Синатра был ответственным за строительство многих новых зданий в новом городе Ното.
- Никола Сальви (1697–1751), архитектор, известный благодаря фонтану Треви .
- Джованни Баттиста Ваккарини (1702–1768), архитектор, работал в стиле сицилийского барокко.
- Луиджи Ванвителли (1700–1773), архитектор.
- Андреа Гиганти (1731–1787), архитектор.
Неоклассицизм
[ редактировать ]- Алессандро Антонелли (1798–1888), архитектор, известный благодаря Моле Антонеллиана в Турине, собору Новары и базилике Святого Гауденцио в Новаре.
- Никола Беттоли (1780–1854), архитектор, известный как проектировщик неоклассического театра Regio , и герцогини Марии Луизы (1821).
- Луиджи Каньола (1762–1833), архитектор, чье творчество оказало влияние на последующие поколения итальянских архитекторов.
- Луиджи Канина (1795–1856), археолог и архитектор. Он сыграл важную роль как сторонник археологически правильного неоклассицизма в Риме.
- Антонио Корацци (1792–1877), архитектор. Он спроектировал ряд впечатляющих общественных зданий в Варшаве .
- Алессандро Галилей (1691–1737), архитектор. Он спроектировал фасады базилики Святого Иоанна Латеранского (1733–1735) и Сан-Джованни деи Фьорентини (1734).
- Джакомо Леони (1686–1746), архитектор.
- Джузеппе Венанцио Марвулья (1729–1814), архитектор. Одна из его работ — Casina Cinese (1799–1802).
- Джованни Баттиста Пиранези (1720–1778), гравер и архитектор, известный своими грандиозными архитектурными сооружениями.
- Джакомо Кваренги (1744–1817), архитектор и художник, известный как строитель многочисленных сооружений в России во время и сразу после правления Екатерины II Великой . [7]
- Карло Росси (1775–1849), архитектор, большую часть своей жизни проработавший в России.
- Франческо Сабатини (1722–1797), архитектор, работавший в Испании.
- Франческо Тамбурини (1846–1891), архитектор, спроектировавший множество важных архитектурных достопримечательностей Аргентины.
- Фаустино Требби (1761–1836), архитектор и художник-орнаменталист.
- Джузеппе Валадье (1762–1839), архитектор, градостроитель, дизайнер и писатель. Он был одним из наиболее важных представителей международного неоклассицизма в центральной Италии .
1900-е годы
[ редактировать ]- Франко Альбини (1905–1977), архитектор, градостроитель и дизайнер. Его работы были разнообразными и эклектичными и отражали независимость итальянского дизайна от тирании модернистской ортодоксальности.
- Гаэ Ауленти (1927–2012), архитектор и дизайнер, известная своим вкладом в проектирование таких музеев, как Музей Орсе , Центр Помпиду и Музей азиатского искусства Сан-Франциско , а также восстановление Палаццо Грасси в Венеции. .
- Карло Аймонино (1926–2010), архитектор. Он получил награду почетного члена Американского института архитекторов .
- Эрнесто Базиле (1857–1932), архитектор, педагог и дизайнер. Представитель модернизма и модерна .
- Марио Беллини (1935 г.р.), архитектор и дизайнер. Он восемь раз выигрывал Compasso d'Oro и золотую медаль за гражданские заслуги города Милана .
- Чини Боэри (1924–2020), архитектор и дизайнер, обладатель множества наград и премий.
- Стефано Боэри (род. 1956), архитектор и редактор, основатель исследовательской группы «Множественность», бывший главный редактор журналов « Abitare » и «Domus».
- Ахилле Кастильони (1918–2002), архитектор и дизайнер. Он девять раз выигрывал Compasso d'Oro . (См. также: Ливио и Пьер Джакомо Кастильони ).
- Джанкарло Де Карло (1919–2005), архитектор, член ЦИАМ и команды 10 . Известен своими работами в Университете Урбино (1973–1979 и позже).
- Игнацио Гарделла (1905–1999), архитектор, дизайнер, автогонщик и авиатор.
- Грациано Гаспарини (1924–2019), архитектор, специализировавшийся на восстановлении испанской колониальной архитектуры , одновременно параллельно занимавшийся карьерой историка архитектуры.
- Роберто Готтарди (1927–2017), архитектор, работавший в Венесуэле и на Кубе.
- Витторио Греготти (1927–2020), архитектор, дизайнер и писатель.
- Франка Хельг (1920–1989), архитектор, дизайнер и академик.
- Адальберто Либера (1903–1963), архитектор. Один из наиболее представительных архитекторов итальянского модерна.
- Пьер Луиджи Нерви (1891–1979), инженер-строитель и архитектор, известный своим новаторским использованием железобетона, особенно в многочисленных известных тонкостенных конструкциях по всему миру.
- Альберто Меда (1945 г.р.), Compasso d'Oro . инженер и дизайнер, удостоенный награды
- Алессандро Мендини (1931–2019), дизайнер и архитектор. Его работы представлены в музеях и частных коллекциях по всему миру.
- Джованни Микелуччи (1891–1990), архитектор, градостроитель и гравер. Ключевая фигура в прогрессе и развитии современной итальянской архитектуры 20 века.
- Карло Моллино (1905–1973), архитектор, дизайнер, автогонщик и пилот самолета.
- Луиджи Моретти (1907–1973), архитектор. Один из самых выдающихся итальянских архитекторов 20 века.
- Джованни Муцио (1893–1982), архитектор. Он был самым влиятельным членом группы итальянских архитекторов, связанных с Novecento Italiano .
- Марчелло Пьячентини Италии . (1881–1960), архитектор и городской теоретик, наиболее тесно связанный с фашистским правительством
- Ренцо Пиано (род. 1937), архитектор, известный своим проектом Центра Жоржа Помпиду (1971–1977) в Париже, удостоенного Притцкеровской премии .
- Джо Понти (1891–1979), архитектор и дизайнер, связанный с развитием современной архитектуры и современного промышленного дизайна в Италии.
- Паоло Портогези (1931–2023), архитектор и историк архитектуры; стал известен как создатель оригинального и значимого Casa Baldi (1959) на Виа Фламиниа .
- Хорхе Ригамонти (1948–2008), архитектор, эмигрировавший в Венесуэлу, создавший проекты, отмеченные национальными и международными наградами, активный профессор архитектуры более 30 лет.
- Эрнесто Натан Роджерс (1909–1969), архитектор и теоретик, партнер BBPR архитектурной студии ; двоюродный брат архитектора Ричарда Роджерса .
- Ричард Роджерс (1933–2021), архитектор, известный своими модернистскими и функционалистскими проектами в высокотехнологичной архитектуре.
- Альдо Росси (1931–1997), архитектор и теоретик. Его книга «Архитектура города» (1966) — классика современной теории архитектуры .
- Джузеппе Самона (1898–1983), архитектор и градостроитель. Один из самых выдающихся итальянских архитекторов 20 века.
- Антонио Сант'Элия (1888–1916), архитектор. Связан с движением, известным как футуризм ; известен своими призрачными рисунками города будущего.
- Карло Скарпа (1906–1978), архитектор. Среди его работ можно назвать Палаццо Фоскари (1935–1956) и музей Кастельвеккьо (1956–1964).
- Этторе Соттсасс (1917–2007), архитектор и дизайнер; всемирно известен как один из инициаторов обновления дизайна и архитектуры. [8]
- Роберто Стампа (1858– после 1911), итальянский архитектор.
- Манфредо Тафури (1935–1994), архитектор, историк искусства и теоретик. Известен своими критическими эссе для журнала «Оппозиция» (1970).
- Джузеппе Терраньи (1904–1943), архитектор, связанный с рационализмом и группой 7 . Его «Каса дель Фашио» (1932–1936) считается его лучшей работой.
- Паоло Венини (1895–1959), одна из ведущих фигур в производстве муранского стекла и важный вклад в итальянский дизайн 20-го века .
- Лелла и Массимо Виньелли (1934–2016 и 1934–2014 соответственно), архитекторы и дизайнеры, известные благодаря упаковке, посуде, мебели, общественным вывескам и дизайну выставочных залов.
- Марко Занусо (1916–2001), ведущий архитектор и дизайнер-модернист.
- Бруно Цви (1918–2000), архитектор, историк, профессор, куратор, автор и редактор. Цви был ярым критиком «классизации» современной архитектуры и постмодернизма.
Повара и гастрономы
[ редактировать ]- Пеллегрино Артузи (1820–1911), писатель и гастроном, которому приписывают создание истинно национальной итальянской кухни . Его «La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiare bene» (1891) стал первым гастрономическим трактатом, охватывающим все регионы объединенной Италии.
- Этторе Боярди
- Цезарь Кардини , создатель салата «Цезарь» .
- Мартино да Комо (ок. 1430 – конец 15 века), «принц поваров», считается первым знаменитым шеф-поваром западного мира. Его книга Libro de Arte Coquinaria (1465 г.) стала эталоном итальянской кухни и заложила основу европейской гастрономической традиции.
- Джада Де Лаурентис – ведущая программы Food Network Everyday Italian
- Карло Петрини (1949 г.р.), политик, писатель и гастроном. Приняв участие в кампании против сети «Макдоналдс» и напряженном распорядке дня, Slow Food . в 1986 году он основал всемирно влиятельное движение
- Сирио Маччиони (1932–2020), ресторатор и писатель, известный тем, что открыл Цирк в Нью-Йорке.
- Луиза Марелли Валацца (1950 г.р.), трехзвездочный шеф-повар Мишлен.
Мастера
[ редактировать ]- Чезаре Антонио Ациус (фл. 1609), гравер.
- Никола Амати (1596–1684), мастер-лютье и мастер по изготовлению струнных инструментов.
- Паголо Арсаго (умер в 1563 г.), ювелир.
- Себастьяно Бьянки (1580 г.), гравер.
- Карло Марио Камуссо (умер в 1956 г.), серебряник, иммигрировавший в Перу.
- Алессандро делла Виа (1730 г.), гравер.
- Баттиста Фарина (1893–1966), автомобильный дизайнер и основатель кузовной компании Carrozzeria Pininfarina , имя, связанное со многими известными послевоенными автомобилями.
- Бальдассаре Габбуджиани (1755 г.), гравер.
- Джанни Галло (1935–2011), гравер.
- Джорджетто Джуджаро (1938 г.р.), автомобильный дизайнер. В 1999 году Джуджаро был назван автомобильным дизайнером века, а в 2002 году введён в Зал автомобильной славы .
- Маттео Гоффриллер (1659–1742), мастер-мастер, особенно известный качеством своих виолончелей. Он был основателем «Венецианской школы» мастеров.
- Джузеппе Гварнери (1698–1744), мастер-мастер из семьи Гварнери из Кремоны. Он соперничает с Антонио Страдивари (1644–1737).
- Ферруччо Ламборгини (1916–1993), автомобильный дизайнер, изобретатель, инженер, винодел, промышленник, производитель спортивных автомобилей высокого класса и бизнесмен; создала Automobili Lamborghini в 1963 году.
- Флавио Мандзони (1965 г.р.), архитектор и автомобильный дизайнер, старший вице-президент по дизайну Ferrari с 2010 г.
- Серджио Скальетти (1920–2011), автомобильный дизайнер.
- Антонио Страдивари (1644–1737), мастер Лютье и мастер по изготовлению струнных инструментов.
- Массимо Тамбурини (1943–2014), дизайнер мотоциклов Cagiva, Ducati и MV Agusta.
- Бартоломео Тутиани (1515 г.), гравер.
- Антонио Забелли (1742–1796), гравер.
Инженеры и изобретатели
[ редактировать ]- Джованни Баттиста Антонелли (1527–1588), военный инженер.
- Баттиста Антонелли , военный инженер, спроектировал главную крепость Испанской империи в Новом Свете.
- Эудженио Барсанти (1821–1864), инженер и католический священник , изобретатель двигателя Барсанти-Маттеуччи вместе с Феличе Маттеуччи.
- Энрико Бернарди (1841–1919), изобретатель первой бензинового двигателя. конструкции
- Альфонсо Бьялетти (1888–1970), основатель Bialetti , популяризировавший с мока-горшком. кофеварку на плите
- Джузеппе Марио Белланка (1886–1960)
- Энеа Босси старший (1888–1963), аэрокосмический инженер и авиаконструктор.
- Джованни Бранка (1571–1645), инженер и архитектор.
- Тито Ливио Бураттини (1617–1681), инженер, изобретатель, архитектор, египтолог, ученый, приборостроитель, путешественник и дворянин.
- Маттео Кампани-Алименис (1620–1678), изобретатель Волшебного фонаря (1678).
- Секондо Кампини (1904–1980), авиаконструктор, чей Caproni Campini N.1 совершил первый полет самолета с реактивным двигателем, о котором было объявлено публике.
- Алессандро Капра (ок. 1608 – ок. 1684), инженер, изобретатель и математик.
- Джованни Баттиста Капрони (1886–1957), авиационный инженер, инженер-строитель, инженер-электрик и авиаконструктор, основавший авиастроительную компанию, носящую его имя (1908).
- Джорджио Карта , биоинженер, профессор химической инженерии
- Марио Кастольди (1888–1968), авиационный инженер; конструктор Macchi MC.200 , Macchi MC.202 и Macchi MC.205. истребителей
- Бернар Кастро (1904–1991), инженер-технолог, изобретатель современного дивана -трансформера.
- Леонардо Кьярильоне (1943 г.р.), инженер-электрик, изобретатель и соучредитель Группы экспертов по движущимся изображениям ( MPEG ). Он возглавлял команду, которая установила универсальные стандарты цифрового аудио и видео, такие как mpeg и mp3 . [9] [10]
- Альдо Коста (1961 г.р.), инженер и технический директор; его 14 чемпионатов конструкторов и 12 титулов пилотов за Ferrari и Mercedes делают его самым успешным инженером и дизайнером в истории Формулы-1 .
- Марио Масчулли (1909–1991), военный инженер итальянской Regia Marina, директор Управления секретного подводного оружия во время Второй мировой войны. Награжден Серебряной медалью «За боевую доблесть».
- Луиджи Негрелли (1799–1858), инженер-строитель и гидротехник; спроектировал несколько мостов и железных дорог в Австрийской империи и далеко за ее пределами, известен планированием и проектированием Суэцкого канала . [11]
- Мария Артини (1894–1951), первая женщина-выпускница университета электротехники в Италии (1918).
- Коррадино Д'Асканио (1891–1981), авиационный инженер, изобретатель мотороллера ( Vespa в 1946 году).
- Луиджи Эмануэли (1883–1959), инженер, изобретатель маслонаполненного кабеля (1924).
- Лоренцо Аллиеви (1856–1941), инженер-гидротехник, наиболее известный своими исследованиями проблемы гидроудара .
- Федерико Фаггин (1941 г.р.), физик, инженер, которому приписывают разработку технологии самовыравнивающихся МОП-кремниевых затворов, соавтор и спроектировал первый в мире микропроцессор Intel 4004 (1970–1971). [12]
- Энрико Форланини (1848–1930), инженер и пионер воздухоплавания, изобретатель вертолета ( 1877 г.) и судна на подводных крыльях (1900 г.).
- Франческо Лана де Терци (1631–1687), иезуит, математик и натуралист. Назван отцом воздухоплавания за свои новаторские усилия.
- Леонардо да Винчи (1452–1519), художник, инженер и учёный. Пожалуй, никто в истории не достиг стольких результатов в столь многих областях. [13] [14]
- Винченцо Лансия (1881–1937), автогонщик, инженер и основатель Lancia . автопроизводительной фирмы
- Джованни Луппис изобретатель 1813–1875), инженер и офицер, вместе с Робертом Уайтхедом торпеды ( (1860).
- Альфиери Мазерати (1887–1932), автомобильный инженер, известный тем, что основал и возглавил компанию по производству гоночных автомобилей Maserati вместе с другими братьями Мазерати . [15]
- Джорджина Мадиа (1904–1942), физик и инженер-электрик, специализирующаяся на электросвязи, участница итальянского сопротивления во время Второй мировой войны.
- Феличе Маттеуччи (1808–1887), инженер-гидротехник, соавтор Эудженио Барсанти , изобретатель двигателя внутреннего сгорания (1854).
- Антонио Меуччи (1808–1889), инженер-химик и механик, изобретатель телефона (1871).
- Риккардо Моранди (1902–1989), инженер. Он спроектировал Понте Веспуччи во Флоренции, Мост генерала Рафаэля Урданеты в Венесуэле, Понте Моранди в Генуе и Автомобильный салон в Турине .
- Пьер Луиджи Нерви (1891–1979) инженер, специализирующийся на гражданском строительстве. Он сотрудничал с международными архитекторами, включая Ле Корбюзье и Луи Кана .
- Камилло Оливетти (1868–1943), инженер-электрик, основатель Olivetti .
- Пьер Джорджио Перотто (1930–2002), инженер-электрик и изобретатель. Работая в Olivetti, он спроектировал и изготовил один из первых в мире электронных программируемых калькуляторов Programma 101 , представленный на Всемирной выставке в Нью-Йорке в 1964 году . [16] [17] [18]
- Джованни Баттиста Пьятти (1812–1867), инженер-строитель, изобретатель пневматической буровой машины.
- Джованни Баттиста Пирелли (1848–1932), предприниматель, инженер и политик, основатель резиновой компании Pirelli, базирующейся в Милане.
- Игнацио Порро (1801–1875), инженер и оптик, изобрел бинокль с призмой Порро (1875).
- Адель Рачели (1897–1992), инженер, соучредитель Миланского бюро патентной защиты (1925).
- Агостино Рамелли (1531–1600), инженер, изобрел гидравлический двигатель (1588).
- Никола Ромео (1876–1938), инженер и предприниматель, наиболее известный как основатель производителя автомобилей Alfa Romeo .
- Раффаэле Россетти (1881–1951), инженер и военный морской офицер, создатель первой человеческой торпеды .
- Жермен Соммейлер (1815–1871), инженер-строитель. Он руководил строительством железнодорожного туннеля Фрежюс между Францией и Италией; представила первую промышленную пневматическую дрель для рытья туннелей.
- Эмма Страда (1884–1970), первая женщина, получившая степень инженера-строителя в Туринском политехническом институте .
- Хуанело Турриано (ок. 1500–1585), часовщик, инженер и математик. Он построил Artificio de Juanelo .
- Андреа Витерби (1935 г.р.), итальянский еврейский инженер-электрик и бизнесмен; соучредитель Qualcomm и изобретатель алгоритма Витерби
Исследователи
[ редактировать ]- Альберто Мария де Агостини (1883–1960), исследователь Патагонии.
- Антониу де Ноли (1415–1497), исследователь Португалии.
- Джованни Баттиста Бельцони (1778–1823), исследователь, инженер и археолог-любитель, которого часто считают одним из первых египтологов.
- Джон Кэбот (Джованни Кабото) (ок. 1450–1499), исследователь Англии.
- Себастьян Кабот (Себастьяно Кабото) (ок. 1476–1557), картограф и исследователь Англии и Испании, он исследовал Рио -де-ла-Плата , реку Парана и был человеком из европейцев, прибывшим в нижнюю часть реки Парагвай .
- Гаэтано Казати (1838–1902), исследователь Африки.
- Христофор Колумб (Кристофоро Колумб) (1451–1506), исследователь Испании. Родился в Генуе. На итальянском языке «Христофор Колумб». Отплыл в 1492 году и был первым европейцем, прибывшим в «Новый Свет» Америки.
- Никколо де Конти (ок. 1395–1469), купец и исследователь Индии.
- Анри де Тонти (1649/1650–1704), исследователь Франции. Основал первое европейское поселение в нижней части долины реки Миссисипи в 1686 году. [19]
- Джованни да Пьян дель Карпине (ок. 1180–1252), монах-францисканец, первый выдающийся европейский путешественник в Монгольской империи . [20]
- Джованни да Верраццано (1485–1528), исследователь Франции. Первый европеец, увидевший заливы Нью-Йорка и Наррагансетта.
- Алессандро Маласпина (1754–1810), дворянин, испанский морской офицер и исследователь.
- Умберто Нобиле (1885–1978), инженер и исследователь Арктики. Первый человек, перелетевший Северный полюс .
- Антонио Пигафетта (ок. 1491–1534), мореплаватель и писатель, сопровождавший Магеллана в первой кругосветной экспедиции .
- Филиппо Сальваторе Гилии (1721–1789), священник-иезуит, исследовавший бассейн реки Ориноко. Гилии — весьма известная фигура в ранней южноамериканской лингвистике благодаря его передовому пониманию природы языков.
- Марко Поло (ок. 1254–1324), исследователь и купец, известный своими путешествиями по Центральной Азии и Китаю.
- Маттео Риччи (1552–1610), итальянский священник-иезуит и один из основателей Иезуитской китайской миссии .
- Пьер Саворнан де Бразза (1852–1905), исследователь Франции. в Африке территорию, в три раза превышающую площадь Франции Известен тем, что присоединил к Французской империи .
- Америго Веспуччи (1454–1512), исследователь. Был первым европейцем, достигшим реки Амазонки в Южной Америке. Название Америки происходит от его имени.
- Ромоло Гесси (1831–1881), исследователь и солдат. Он возглавлял многочисленные экспедиции британцев в Африку, особенно в Судан и на реку Нил , освободив из рабства 30 000 рабов.
Вымышленные персонажи
[ редактировать ]- Арлекин
- Бригелла
- Дон Камилло
- Кармин Фальконе
- Джульетта Капулетти
- Колумбина
- Семья Корлеоне
- Сальваторе Марони
- Охотница
- Люций Ворен
- Титус Пулло
- Эцио Аудиторе да Фиренце
- Марио Фальконе
- Доктор
- Уго Фантоцци
- Виктор Франкенштейн
- Лука Пагуро , одноименный герой фильма 2021 года Лука
- Джандуя
- Ромео Монтегю
- Кроме Монтальбано
- Меркуцио
- Брюки
- Педролино
- Рэй Барон
- Тони Сопрано
- Пьеро
- Буратино
- Пульчинелла
- Скарамуш
- Топо Джиджио
- Тривелино
- Тони Вердески
Кинематографисты
[ редактировать ]- Филотео Альберини (1865–1937), кинорежиссер, один из пионеров кинематографа ; разработал широкоэкранные фильмы (1914).
- Джанни Амелио (1945 г.р.), кинорежиссер. Международную известность он добился с фильмом «Украденные дети» (лауреатом Приза Большого жюри Каннского кинофестиваля 1992 года ).
- Микеланджело Антониони (1912–2007), кинорежиссер. Его самыми успешными фильмами на международном уровне были «Приключение» (1960) и «Фотоувеличение» (1966).
- Дарио Ардженто (1940 г.р.), кинорежиссер, продюсер и сценарист. Среди фильмов - «Птица с хрустальным оперением» (1970), «Глубокий красный» (1975) и «Суспирия» (1977).
- Пупи Авати (род. 1938), кинорежиссер, продюсер и сценарист. Одними из его самых успешных фильмов были «Импьегати» (1985), «Рождественский подарок» (1986) и «Последняя минута» (1987).
- Марко Беллоккьо (род. 1939), кинорежиссер, сценарист и актер. Известен своим дебютным фильмом «Кулаки в кармане» (1965).
- Роберто Бениньи (1952 г.р.), кинорежиссер и актер. Один из самых популярных комиксов итальянского кино ; в 1997 году он написал, поставил и снялся в международном хите « Жизнь прекрасна».
- Бернардо Бертолуччи (1940–2018), кинорежиссер и сценарист. «Последнее танго в Париже » (1972) принесло ему мировую известность.
- Алессандро Блазетти (1900–1987), кинорежиссер и сценарист, был одной из ведущих фигур итальянского кино в эпоху фашизма. Его иногда называют «отцом итальянского кино» из-за его роли в возрождении переживающей трудности индустрии в конце 1920-х годов. Блазетти оказал влияние на итальянский неореализм своим фильмом «Quattro passi fra le nuvole» .
- Фрэнк Капра (1897–1991), кинорежиссер, продюсер и писатель, ставший творческой силой некоторых из отмеченных наградами фильмов 1930-х и 1940-х годов.
- Луиджи Коменчини (1916–2007), кинорежиссер. Ведущий деятель итальянского кино; известен своим фильмом «Хлеб, любовь и мечты» (1953).
- Джузеппе Де Сантис (1917–1997), кинорежиссер; известен своей режиссурой фильма «Горький рис» (1949), который считается первым успешным неореалистическим фильмом.
- Витторио Де Сета (1923–2011), кинорежиссер. За десять лет он снял девять таких короткометражных документальных фильмов, а в 1960 году дебютировал в качестве режиссёра в художественном фильме с нашумевшим фильмом « Бандити в оргозоло».
- Витторио Де Сика (1901–1974), кинорежиссер и актер. Его «Чистка обуви» (1946), «Вор велосипедов» (1948) и «Умберто Д.» (1952) — классика послевоенного итальянского неореализма. [21]
- Руджеро Деодато (1939–2022), кинорежиссер, актер и сценарист. Создатель одного из самых печально известных фильмов всех времен, неореалистического амазонского кошмара 1979 года «Каннибал Холокост».
- Федерико Феллини (1920–1993), кинорежиссер. Получил «Оскар» за фильмы «Ла Страда» (1954), «Ночь Кабирии» (1957), «8 1/2» (1963) и «Амаркорд» (1973); 20-го века один из самых влиятельных кинорежиссеров
- Марко Феррери (1928–1997), кинорежиссер. известный фильм - «Большой буфф» (1973).
- Лючио Фульчи (1927–1996), кинорежиссер, сценарист и актер, известный своей режиссерской работой над кровавыми фильмами, включая «Зомби 2» (1979) и «За гранью» (1981).
- Маттео Гарроне (1968 г.р.), кинорежиссер; известен своим фильмом Гоморра (2008).
- Пьетро Джерми (1914–1974), кинорежиссер и актер. Фильм «Развод по-итальянски» (1961) имел огромный мировой прокат и принес ему « Оскар» за лучший сценарий.
- Альберто Латтуада (1914–2005), кинорежиссер. Был крупной фигурой итальянского кино периода после Второй мировой войны. Известен тем, что вместе с Феллини снял свой первый фильм « Огни варьете» (1950).
- Серджио Леоне (1929–1989), кинорежиссер. Больше всего он ассоциируется с жанром « спагетти-вестерн », особенно с долларовой трилогией ; один из самых влиятельных режиссеров своего поколения
- Марио Моничелли (1915–2010), кинорежиссер. Один из мастеров итальянской комедии.
- Нанни Моретти (1953 г.р.), кинорежиссер. Он известен своими фильмами «Дневник Каро» (1993) и «Комната сына» (2001).
- Эрманно Олми (1931–2018), кинорежиссер; известен своим всемирно успешным фильмом «Дерево из деревянных башмаков» (1978).
- Ферзан Озпетек (1959 г.р.), кинорежиссер и сценарист. Среди фильмов - «Невежественные феи» (2001) и «Лицом к окну» (2003).
- Пьер Паоло Пазолини (1922–1975), кинорежиссер и писатель. Его фильмы включают Mamma Roma (1962), «Евангелие от Матфея» (1964), «Царь Эдип» (1967) и «Теорема» (1968).
- Джованни Пастроне (1883–1959), кинорежиссер и продюсер. Он задумал колоссальный фильм, призванный произвести революцию в кинопроизводстве, и эту цель он реализовал с помощью Кабирии (1914). [22]
- Элио Петри (1929–1982), кинорежиссер и сценарист. «Расследование гражданина вне подозрений» (1970) обычно считается его шедевром.
- Джилло Понтекорво (1919–2006), кинорежиссер; известен как автор книги «Битва за Алжир» (1966).
- Франческо Рози (1922–2015), кинорежиссер; известен своим шедевром Сальваторе Джулиано (1962).
- Роберто Росселлини (1906–1977), кинорежиссер. Его фильмы «Рим», «Открытый город» (1945) и «Пайса» (1946) привлекли международное внимание к итальянскому неореалистическому движению в кино. [23]
- Габриэле Сальваторес (1950 г.р.), кинорежиссер и сценарист; известен своим фильмом «Средиземноморье» (1991).
- Мартин Скорсезе (1942 г.р.), кинорежиссер, известный по постановке таких фильмов, как «Славные парни» (1990) и других гангстерских фильмов.
- Мишель Соави (1957 г.р.), кинорежиссер; известен своим фильмом «Человек с кладбища» (1994).
- Сильвио Сольдини (1958 г.р.), кинорежиссер, известные фильмы «Мы находим хлеб и тюльпаны» (1999) и «Агата и ла Буря» (2004)
- Паоло Соррентино (1970 г.р.), кинорежиссер и сценарист. Известен своим фильмом «Последствия любви» (2004).
- Паоло и Витторио Тавиани (род. 1931, 1929–2018) вместе сняли несколько успешных фильмов. Среди них: Падре Падроне (1977), Ночь падающих звезд (1982) и Каос (1984).
- Джузеппе Торнаторе (1956 г.р.), кинорежиссер, известный своим шедевром Cinema Paradiso (1988).
- Лукино Висконти (1906–1976), режиссер театра и кино; назван отцом неореализма за свои ранние фильмы Ossessione (1943) и La terra trema (1948).
- Лина Вертмюллер (1928–2021), кинорежиссер. Она получила международную известность благодаря сатире на сексуальное лицемерие «Соблазнение Мими» (1972) и «Любовь и анархия» (1973).
- Франко Дзеффирелли (1923–2019), кинорежиссер. Среди его главных фильмов три адаптации Шекспира : «Укрощение строптивой» (1967), «Ромео и Джульетта» (1968) и «Гамлет» (1990).
- Валерио Зурлини (1926–1982), кинорежиссер, режиссер и сценарист. Он хорошо известен своим всемирно успешным поместьем Виолента (1959).
Иллюстраторы
[ редактировать ]- Леонетто Каппиелло (1875–1942), дизайнер плакатов. Его называют отцом современной рекламы. [24]
- Адольфо де Каролис (1874–1928), художник, иллюстратор и гравер по дереву.
- Онофрио Катаккио (1964 г.р.), карикатурист
- Макс Кривелло (1958 г.р.), иллюстратор и карикатурист
- Габриэле Делл'Отто (1973 г.р.), иллюстратор и автор, работы которого опубликованы по всему миру.
- Франко Донателли (1924–1995), художник комиксов и иллюстратор.
- Вирджинио Ливраги , иллюстратор комиксов
- Энрико Маццанти (1850–1910), инженер и карикатурист, иллюстрировавший первое издание « Пиноккио».
- Бартоломео Пинелли (1781–1835), иллюстратор и гравер. Он иллюстрировал в своих рисунках костюмы итальянских народов, великие эпические поэмы и множество других сюжетов.
- Валентина Ромео (1977 г.р.), карикатурист, иллюстратор, бильярдистка
- Мария Закке (1933 г.р.), иллюстратор
- Лаура Цуккери (1971 г.р.), художник комиксов, иллюстратор и художник
Военные и политические деятели
[ редактировать ]Этрусская цивилизация
[ редактировать ]- Мезенций , легендарный этрусский царь, правивший в Цере и сражавшийся против Энея.
- Ларс Порсена (6 век до н.э.), легендарный этрусский король, предположительно осадивший Рим в тщетной попытке восстановить Луция Тарквиния Супербуса . на троне
- Ларс Толумний (умер в 428 г. до н. э.), самый известный король богатого этрусского города-государства Вейи .
Древний Рим
[ редактировать ]- Агриппа Менений Ланат (умер в 493 г. до н. э.), консул Римской республики в 503 г. до н. э., с Публием Постумием Тубертом. Одержал победу над сабинянами и был удостоен триумфа, который отпраздновал 4 апреля 503 г. до н.э.
- Сципион Эмилиан (185–129 до н.э.), римский полководец, прославившийся как своими подвигами во время Третьей Пунической войны (149–146 до н.э.), так и покорением Испании (134–133 до н.э.). [25]
- Калигула (31 августа 12–24 января 41 г.) был римским императором с 37 по 41 год нашей эры. Считался одним из самых жестоких и садистских императоров Рима, когда-либо правивших.
- Марк Эмилий Лепид (ок. 89 или 88 г. до н. э. – конец 13 или начало 12 г. до н. э.), римский государственный деятель, один из триумвиров , правивших Римом после 43 г. до н. э.
- Луций Эмилий Павел Македонский (ок. 229–160 до н. э.), римский полководец, победа которого над македонцами при Пидне положила конец Третьей македонской войне .
- Публий Корнелий Сципион (ок. 255–211 до н. э.), римский полководец и государственный деятель Римской республики и отец Сципиона Африканского .
- Нерон (15 декабря, 37–9 июня 68 г. н. э.) Последний император династии Юлиев-Клавдиев , считается ответственным за сожжение Рима.
- Марк Антоний (83–30 до н.э.), римский политик и полководец.
- Ромул и Рем (ок. середины-конца 8 века до н.э.), Ромул был первым царем Римского королевства.
- Марк Атилий Регул ( 3 век до н.э.), римский полководец и государственный деятель.
- Август (63 г. до н. э. – 14 г. н. э.), первый и один из самых влиятельных римских императоров. Один из величайших административных гениев истории [26]
- Публий Квинктилий Вар (46 г. до н.э. - 9 г. н.э.), римский полководец и политик. Вара обычно помнят за то, что он потерял три римских легиона, попав в засаду германских племен под предводительством Арминия в битве в Тевтобургском лесу, после чего покончил с собой.
- Марк Аврелий (121–180), римский император, для многих поколений на Западе символизировал Золотой век Римской империи. [27]
- Луций Юний Брут (545–509 до н.э.), римский консул, традиционный основатель Римской республики.
- Марк Юний Брут (85–42 до н.э.), римский политик, лидер заговорщиков, убивших Юлия Цезаря (44 до н.э.)
- Юлий Цезарь (100–44 до н. э.), римский государственный деятель и полководец, прославившийся завоеванием Галлии . Фигура гениальности и смелости, с которой мало кто может сравниться в истории. [28]
- Марк Фуриус Камилл (ок. 446–365 до н.э.), римский солдат и государственный деятель.
- Catiline (108 BC–62 BC), Roman politician
- Tiberius (16 November 42 BC–16 March 37 AD), second Roman emperor, succeeding Augustus
- Cato the Elder (234 BC–149 BC), Roman statesman, orator and the first Latin prose writer of importance[29]
- Cato the Younger (95 BC–46 BC), Roman politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic
- Cicero (106 BC–43 BC), Roman statesman, scholar, writer and orator.
- Cincinnatus (519 BC–438 BC), Roman politician
- Appius Claudius Caecus (fl. 3rd century BC), outstanding statesman, legal expert, and author of early Rome[30]
- Marcus Claudius Marcellus (c. 268 BC–208 BC), Roman general who captured Syracuse during the Second Punic War (218–201)[31]
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236/235 BC–183 BC), general and statesman, most notable as one of the main architects of Rome's victory against Carthage in the Second Punic War.One of the great military minds of all times[32]
- Publius Clodius Pulcher (c. 93 BC–52 BC), disruptive politician, head of a band of political thugs, and bitter enemy of Cicero in late republican Rome
- Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus (?–c. 280 BC), consul in 298 BC. He defeated the Etruscans at Volaterrae and afterwards fought against the Samnites
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla (c. 138 BC–78 BC), Roman general and statesman
- Manius Curius Dentatus (?–270 BC), Roman general. As consul led the Romans to victory over the Samnites and defeated Pyrrhus of Epirus near Beneventum (275 BC)
- Gaius Duilius (fl. 3rd century BC), Roman commander who won a major naval victory over the Carthaginians during the First Punic War (264–241 BC)
- Germanicus (15 BC–AD 19), Roman general who avenged the defeat sustained by Varus (AD 9), defeating Arminius at Idistaviso on the Weser (AD 16)
- Gaius Gracchus (154 BC–121 BC), Roman politician
- Marcus Licinius Crassus (c. 115 BC–53 BC), Roman general and politician
- Lucullus (c. 117 BC–57/56 BC), Roman general who fought Mithradates VI Eupator of Pontus from 74 to 66 BC[33]
- Gaius Maecenas (70 BC–8 BC), Roman diplomat, counsellor to the Roman emperor Augustus
- Gaius Marius (157 BC–86 BC), Roman general and politician
- Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (c. 280 BC–203 BC), Roman politician and general, famous for having invented the guerrilla warfare (method of combat in 217 BC)
- Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (c. 229 BC–160 BC), Roman general whose victory over the Macedonians at Pydna ended the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC)[34]
- Pontius Pilate (16 BC–AD 36), Roman politician, famous primarily as a crucial character in the New Testament account of Jesus
- Antoninus Pius (86–161), Roman emperor, mild-mannered and capable, he was the fourth of the five good emperors"[35]
- Pompey (106 BC–48 BC), Roman military and political leader of the late Roman Republic
- Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (535 BC-509 BC), King of Rome famed for his resistance against the people trying to found the Roman Republic
- Trajan (53–117), Emperor who presided over the greatest expansion in Roman history. He was born in Italica, a colony of Italian settlers in Hispania, and his family was from Umbria
- Titus Quinctius Flamininus (c. 229 BC–174 BC), Roman general and statesman who established the Roman hegemony over Greece[36]
- Quintus Sertorius (c. 126 BC–73 BC), one of the most able Roman generals, who displayed a particular genius for leading armies of irregulars[37]
- Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (63 BC–12 BC), Roman statesman and general; he was long honored by the Roman military as the inventor of the Harpax
- Gaius Ofonius Tigellinus (c. 10–69), prefect of the Roman Imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, from 62 until 68, during the reign of Emperor Nero.
- Flavius Aetius (391–454), military commander and the most influential man in the Roman Empire for two decades (433–454). He was called as The Last Roman
Roman Catholic Church
[edit]- Pope Adrian I (c. 700–795), pope from 772 to 795; his pontificate was unequalled in length by that of any successor of Saint Peter until a thousand years later
- Pope Agapetus I (?–536), of noble birth, he was an archdeacon at the time of his election (13 May 535)[38]
- Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105–1181), pope from 1159 to 1181. He is remembered for the long-standing dispute with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I
- Ambrose (337 or 340–397), bishop of Milan; one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century; he was also the teacher of Saint Augustine
- Augustine of Canterbury (?–604), Benedictine monk and the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He is considered the "Apostle to the English" and a founder of the English Church
- Benedict of Nursia (c. 480 – c. 547), father of Western monasticism; the rule that he established became the norm for monastic living throughout Europe[39]
- Pope Benedict V (?–966), pope, or antipope, from 22 May 964, to 23 June 964, when he was deposed
- Pope Boniface VIII (c. 1235 – 1303), issued in 1302, the famous bull Unam sanctam (pushing papal supremacy to its historical extreme)
- Pope Celestine I (?–432), pope from 422 to 432
- Pope Celestine V (1215–1296), pope from 5 July to 13 December 1294, the first pontiff to abdicate. He founded the Celestine order[40]
- Peter Damian (c. 1007 – 1072), cardinal and Doctor of the Church. He was an original leader and a forceful figure in the Gregorian Reform movement
- Pope Gregory I (c. 540–604), founder" of the medieval papacy, which exercised both secular and spiritual power;[41] he is considered one of the great Latin Fathers of the Church
- Pope Gregory II (669–731), greatly encouraged the Christianizing of Germany by SS; the Donation of Sutri (728) is considered the constitutive act of the Papal States
- Pope Gregory VII (c. 1015/1028–1085), one of the great reforming popes; known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy
- John Gualbert (985 or 995–1073), Roman Catholic saint. The founder of the Vallumbrosan Order
- Pope Honorius I (?–638), pope from 625 to 638 whose posthumous condemnation as a heretic subsequently caused extensive controversy on the question of papal infallibility[42]
- Pope Honorius III (?–1227), often considered one of the great administrators in papal history[43]
- Pope Innocent III (1160–1216), during his reign, the papacy was at the height of its powers
- Pope John II (?–535), pope from 533 to 535. He was the first pontiff to change his original name, which he considered pagan, assuming the name of the martyred Saint John I (523–526)[44]
- Pope John VIII (?–?), often considered one of the ablest pontiffs of the 9th century
- Pope John XIX (?–1032), pope from 1024 to 1032
- Pope Julius II (1443–1513), pope from 1503 to 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar.
- Pope Leo I (c. 400–461), pope from 440 to 461, master exponent of papal supremacy[45]
- Pope Leo III (750–816), known for crowning Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor
- Pope Liberius (?–366), pope from 352 to 366
- Matilda of Tuscany (1046–1115), noblewoman. She was a strong supporter of the papacy during the Investiture Controversy
- Pope Nicholas I (c. 800–867), pope from 858 to 867, master theorist of papal power, considered to have been the most forceful of the early medieval pontiffs[46]
- Paulinus of Nola (353–431), bishop of Nola and one of the most important Christian Latin poets of his time. He is also the inventor of church bells
- Romuald (c. 950–1025–1027), Christian ascetic who founded the Camaldolese Benedictines (Hermits)
- Pope Sergius I (?–701), pope from 687 to 701, one of the most important 7th-century pontiffs[47]
- Pope Stephen II (715–757), pope from 752 to 757. He severed ties with the Byzantine Empire and thus became the first temporal sovereign of the newly founded Papal States[48]
- Pope Sylvester I (?–335), one of the most illustrious popes of his age; after his death, became a major figure of legend
- Pope Symmachus (?–514), pope from 498 to 514
- Rainerius Saccho, 13th century Inquisitor
Renaissance
[edit]- Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (1510–1537), the first duke of Florence (1532–37)[49]
- Catherine de' Medici (1519–1589), Queen of France
- Cosimo de' Medici (1389–1464), founder of the Medici political dynasty
- Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1519–1574), second duke of Florence (1537–74) and first grand duke of Tuscany (1569–74)[50]
- Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1549–1609), grand duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609
- Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1541–1587), second grand duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 to 1587
- Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360–1429), restored the family fortune and made the Medici family the wealthiest in Europe
- Lorenzo de' Medici (1449–1492), leader of Florence during the Golden Age of the Renaissance; patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici
- Marie de' Medici (1575–1642), Queen and Regent of France who was a harsh opponent of Protestantism in France
- Salvestro de' Medici (1331–1388), Gonfaloniere and Provost of the city of Florence
- Pope Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici) (1478–1534), pope from 1523 to 1534; it was Pope Clement who excommunicated Henry VIII of England
- Pope Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici) (1475–1521), cardinal-deacon from the age of 13
- Pope Leo XI (Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici) (1535–1605), pope from 1–27 April 1605[51]
- Cesare Borgia (1475/1476–1507), Spanish-Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal. Powerful lord, and a leading figure in the politics of his era
- Castruccio Castracani degli Antelminelli (1281–1328). condottiero and duke of Lucca
- Bartolomeo Colleoni (1400–1475), condottiere, at various times in Venetian and Milanese service and from 1454 general in chief of the Republic of Venice for life
- Andrea Doria (1466–1560), condottiere, and admiral who was the foremost naval leader of his time[52]
- Galeazzo da Sanseverino(1460–1525), condottiere and Grand Écuyer de France
- Erasmo of Narni (1370–1443, known as Gattamelata), served Florence, Venice and the pope before becoming dictator of Padua
- Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194–1250), King of Sicily and promoter of Sicilian culture and political power; expanded domain into much of Italy[53]
- Federico da Montefeltro (1422–1482), lord of Urbino from 1444 (as Duke from 1474) until his death. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful condottieri of his time
- Giovanni dalle Bande Nere (1498–1526), the most noted soldier of all the Medici
- Giovanni Giustiniani Longo (1418–1453), kinsman to the powerful house of Doria in Genoa and protostrator of the Byzantine Empire, who led the defense of Constantinople against the Ottoman army of Sultan Mehmed II in 1453.
- Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (1417–1468), condottiero and nobleman. He was widely considered by his contemporaries as one of the most daring military leaders in Italy
- Niccolò Piccinino (1386–1444), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the 15th-century wars of the Visconti of Milan against Venice, Florence, and the pope
- Giovanni Dionigi Galeni (1519–1587), farmer, then Ottoman privateer and admiral, who later became beylerbey of the Regency of Algiers, and finally Grand Admiral of the Ottoman fleet
- Francesco I Sforza (1401–1466), condottiere who played a crucial role in 15th-century Italian politics
- Muzio Sforza (1369–1424), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the wars of his period and whose son Francesco became duke of Milan
- Gian Giacomo Trivulzio (1440/1441–1518), aristocrat and condottiero who served as a military captain under Galeazzo, later became the grand Marshal of France
- Sebastiano Venier (c. 1496–1578), Doge of Venice from 1577 to 1578. He is best remembered in his role as the Venetian admiral at the Battle of Lepanto
Early Modern period to Unification
[edit]- Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (1562–1630), skilled soldier and shrewd politician. He was nicknamed Testa d'feu ("Head of Fire") for his rashness and military attitudes
- Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi (1738–1808), general in the service of the Austrian army
- Torquato Conti (1591–1636), military commander who served as a General-Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War
- Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736), general in the service of the Austrian Holy Roman emperor
- Francesco Morosini (1619–1694), doge of Venice (1688–94), of a family distinguished in Venice for five centuries
- Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (1545–1592), revitalized Spanish rule in the southern provinces of the Netherlands (modern Belgium and Luxembourg)
- Achille Fontanelli (1755–1838), Minister of War and general of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
- Pasquale Paoli (1725–1807), statesman and general, hailed as the father of Corsica. He wrote and promulgated the modern world's first democratic constitution in 1755[54][55]
- Pietro Micca (1677–1706), the miner who at the sacrifice of his own life saved the citadel of Turin (1706) from French troops
- Francesco Morosini (1619–1694), doge of Venice (1688–94), of a family distinguished in Venice for five centuries
- Raimondo Montecuccoli (1609–1680), field marshal and military reformer. In the service of the Habsburgs, he took part in the Thirty Years' War
- Napoleon (1769–1821), Corsican military and political leader, founder and leader of the First French Empire, the Italian Republic and Kingdom
- Ottavio Piccolomini (1599–1656), general and diplomat in the service of the House of Habsburg during the Thirty Years' War
- Franziska Scanagatta (1776–1864), military officer who served the Austrian Empire.
- Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases (1569–1630), general and master of siege warfare in the service of Spain
- Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (1666–1732), King of Sicily (1713–1720) and of Sardinia (1720–1730), established the foundation for the future Italian national state
1861 to the rise of Fascism
[edit]- Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956), general and statesman during the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini
- Italo Balbo (1896–1940), airman and fascist leader who played a decisive role in developing Benito Mussolini's air force[56]
- Oreste Baratieri (1841–1901), general and governor of Italian Eritrea
- Cesare Battisti (1875–1916), politician
- Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour (1810–1861), politician, leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification
- Juan Bautista Cambiaso (1820–1886), sailor and soldier, best known for helping establish the naval forces of the nascent Dominican Republic
- Francesco Crispi (1819–1901), statesman who, after being exiled from Naples and Sardinia-Piedmont for revolutionary activities, eventually became premier of a united Italy[57]
- Salvo D'Acquisto (1920–1943), member of the Italian Carabinieri, awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor in memory of his heroism
- Tommaso De Cristoforis, Lieutenant Colonel notable for his command during the Battle of Dogali and was awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor
- Francesco de Pinedo (1890–1933), aviator officer who is best known for his long-range flying boat flights in the 1920s that demonstrated the feasibility of global air travel.
- Armando Diaz (1861–1928), general and a Marshal of Italy during the I World War
- Giulio Douhet (1869–1930), military, the first to envision the true potential of airpower and strategic bombardment
- Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora (1799–1855), general who is best remembered for founding the military unit known as the Bersaglieri
- Orestes Ferrara (1876–1972), attorney and journalist, who fought for Cuba's independence who founded one of the best newspapers of La Habana
- Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882), patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento; contributed to the achievement of Italian unification under the royal House of Savoy
- Maurizio Giglio (1920–1944), soldier, policeman and secret agent, recipient of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
- Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928), statesman and five times prime minister under whose leadership Italy prospered
- Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937), intellectual and politician, a founder of the Italian Communist Party whose ideas greatly influenced Italian communism[58]
- Vittorio Emanuele Orlando(1860–1952), Prime Minister of Italy from October 1917 to June 1919. Representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. Known as "Premier of Victory" for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I
- Giacomo Matteotti (1885–1924), socialist politician. He strongly denounced the National Fascist Party. Two weeks after his speech, he was kidnapped and murdered by fascists
- Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–1872), propagandist and revolutionary; a champion of the movement for Italian unity known as the Risorgimento
- Benito Mussolini (1883–1945), prime minister (1922–43) and the first of 20th-century Europe's fascist dictators[59]
- Coriolano Ponza di San Martino (1842–1926), general and politician. Senator of the Kingdom and Minister of War in the Pelloux II, Saracco and Zanardelli governments.
- Carlo Rosselli (1899–1937), political leader, journalist, and historian. He was committed to the anti-fascist struggle in Italy and in the Spanish Civil War
- Piero Torrigiani (1846–1920), mayor of Florence
- Enrico Toti (1882–1916), deportist, patriot and hero of World War I
- Umberto II di Savoia (1904–1983), was the last King of Italy
- Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (1820–1878), King of Sardinia–Piedmont who became the first king of a united Italy[60]
- Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1869–1947), King of Italy whose reign brought the end of the Italian monarchy[61]
Italian Republic
[edit]- Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013), Christian Democratic politician who was several times prime minister of Italy in the period from 1972 to 1992[62]
- Enrico Berlinguer (1922–1984), secretary-general of the Italian Communist Party from March 1972 until his death
- Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023), media tycoon who served three times as prime minister of Italy (1994; 2001–06; 2008–11)[63]
- Umberto Bossi (born 1941), politician who was leader (born 1991) of the Lega Nord party[64]
- Bettino Craxi (1934–2000), politician who became his nation's first Socialist prime minister (1983–87)[65]
- Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954), statesman and politician, considered to be one of the Founding fathers of the European Union
- Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959), politician, the first provisional Head of State of the newborn republic of Italy from 1946 to 1948
- Antonio Di Pietro (born 1950), jurist and politician who uncovered a wide-ranging government corruption scandal
- Luigi Einaudi (1874–1961), economist and statesman, the first president (1948–55) of the Republic of Italy[66]
- Mario Draghi (born 1947), politician, economist, banker, prime minister of Italy since 2021. He served as President of the European Central Bank (ECB) between 2011 and 2019
- Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999), leader served five times as premier of Italy
- Nilde Iotti (1920–1999), politician
- Aldo Moro (1916–1978), leader of the Christian Democratic Party, who served five times as premier of Italy. In 1978 he was kidnapped and subsequently murdered by left-wing terrorists[67]
- Romano Prodi (born 1939), politician who was twice prime minister of Italy (1996–98; 2006–08) and who served as president of the European Commission (1999–2004)[68]
- Antonio Segni (1891–1972), statesman, twice premier (1955–57, 1959–60), and fourth president (1962–64) of Italy
- Luigi Sturzo (1871–1959), priest, public official, and political organizer who founded a party that was a forerunner of the Italian Christian Democrat movement[69]
- Palmiro Togliatti (1893–1964), politician who led the Italian Communist Party for nearly 40 years and made it the largest in Europe[70]
- Altiero Spinelli (1907–1986), statesman, author of the so-called "Spinelli Plan", co-author of the Ventotene Manifesto, founder of the Crocodile Club, co-founder of the Union of European Federalists, hailed as one of the Fathers of European Union[71]
Musicians
[edit]Composers
[edit]Middle Ages
[edit]- Johannes Ciconia (c. 1370–1412), composer and theorist. His open melodic style, clarity of texture, and "modern" sense of harmonic direction make him an attractive and accessible composer
- Gherardello da Firenze (c. 1320/1325–1362–1363), composer. He was known for his liturgical compositions but only two mass movements have survived
- Guido of Arezzo (c. 990–1050), music theorist whose principles served as a foundation for modern Western musical notation[72]
- Jacopo da Bologna (fl. 1340–1360), court composer during the Trecento and one of the earliest composers of polyphonic secular songs
- Francesco Landini (c. 1325/1335–1397), composer, organist and poet. Celebrated in his own day as a master of the Italian ars nova style, among his works are madrigals, cacce, and ballate
- Marchetto da Padova (fl. 1305–1319), music theorist and composer. He lived at Cesena and Verona at some time and was in the service of Rainier, Prince of Monaco
Renaissance
[edit]- Giovanni Animuccia (c. 1500 – 1571), composer who contributed to the development of the oratorio
- Adriano Banchieri (1568–1634), one of the principal composers of madrigal comedies and choral pieces[73]
- Giulio Caccini (1551–1618), composer and singer; Le nuove musiche (1602), a collection of songs with basso continuo, was of landmark importance in establishing the new monodic style
- Francesco Canova da Milano (1497–1543), lutenist and composer. Known as Il divino ("the divine"), he was the finest composer of lute music before John Dowland
- Emilio de' Cavalieri (1550–1602), composer. One of the earliest to compose dramatic music[74]
- Andrea Gabrieli (1532/33–1585), composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral and instrumental music for public ceremonies[75]
- Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1554/1557–1612), composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time
- Carlo Gesualdo (1566–1613), composer and lutist. He is famous for his intensely expressive madrigals, which use a chromatic language not heard of until the 19th century
- Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525/1526–1594), composer associated with the Roman School (Renaissance music)
- Luzzasco Luzzaschi (c. 1545 – 1607), composer, organist, and teacher of the late Renaissance
- Luca Marenzio (1553–1599), composer whose madrigals are considered to be among the finest examples of Italian madrigals of the late 16th century[76]
- Claudio Merulo (1533–1604), composer. He was organist of Brescia Cathedral (1556–7) and of St Mark's Basilica, Venice (1557–84), where he was also an organ consultant, publisher and teacher
- Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643), composer, violinist and singer considered a crucial figure in the history of music
- Jacopo Peri (1561–1633), composer and singer; often called the inventor of opera
- Gioseffo Zarlino (1517–1590), composer and writer on music, the most celebrated music theorist of the mid-16th century[77]
Baroque
[edit]- Tomaso Albinoni (1671–1751), composer remembered chiefly for his instrumental music
- Gregorio Allegri (1582–1652), composer of church music. The famous Miserere, performed yearly on Wednesday and Friday of Passion Week, in the papal chapel, is his composition
- Francesca Caccini (1587–1641), composer and singer, daughter of Giulio Caccini. She was the first woman to compose opera and probably the most prolific woman composer of her time
- Antonio Caldara (1670/71–1736), composer. He composed many operas and oratorios, other sacred and secular vocal music, and chamber works. His canons were especially popular
- Giacomo Carissimi (1605–1674), composer and one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque, or, more accurately, the Roman School of music
- Francesco Cavalli (1602–1676), the most important Italian composer of opera in the mid-17th century[78]
- Antonio Cesti (1623–1669), composer who, with Francesco Cavalli, was one of the leading Italian composers of the 17th century[79]
- Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713), violinist, composer, conductor and teacher. Founder of the Italian school of violin
- Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643), musician and one of the most important composers of keyboard instrumental music in the late Renaissance and early Baroque music periods
- Francesco Geminiani (1687–1762), composer, violinist, teacher, writer on musical performance, and a leading figure in early 18th-century music[80]
- Leonardo Leo (1694–1744), composer who was noted for his comic operas and who was instrumental in forming the Neapolitan style of opera composition
- Pietro Locatelli (1695–1764), composer and violinist. His influential L′arte del violino (1733) contains 12 solo violin concertos and 24 caprices for solo violin
- Jean Baptiste Lully (1632–1687), Italian-French composer. He was court composer to Louis XIV, founding the national French opera and producing court ballets for Molière's plays
- Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (1710–1736), composer whose intermezzo La serva padrona (1733) was one of the most celebrated stage works of the 18th century[81]
- Nicola Porpora (1686–1768), composer. Leading Italian teacher of singing of the 18th century[82]
- Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725), composer of operas and religious works. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera
- Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1757), composer noted particularly for his 555 keyboard sonatas, which substantially expanded the technical and musical possibilities of the harpsichord[83]
- Barbara Strozzi (1619–1677), virtuoso singer and composer of vocal music, one of only a few women in the 17th century to publish their own compositions
- Giuseppe Tartini (1692–1770), violinist, composer, and theorist who helped establish the modern style of violin bowing and formulated principles of musical ornamentation and harmony[84]
- Giuseppe Torelli (1658–1709), composer and violinist, noted for his essential role in the development of the solo concerto, concerto grosso, and sonata da camera forms
- Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741), composer, Italian baroque, known for violin music and the concerto grosso
- Domenico Zipoli (1688–1726), organist and composer. He migrated to Córdoba, Viceroyalty of Peru. He became a Jesuit in order to work in the Reductions of Paraguay where he taught music among the Guaraní people.
Classical period
[edit]- Luigi Boccherini (1743–1805), composer and cellist. His vast chamber music output includes some 125 string quintets, some 90 string quartets, and many string trios
- Ferdinando Carulli (1770–1841), guitarist, composer and teacher. Known for his concertos, sonatas, studies, variations and transcriptions (over 300 opus numbers)
- Domenico Cimarosa (1749–1801), composer; a leading representative of the opera buffa. Among his numerous works, Il matrimonio segreto (1792) is universally renowned
- Baldassare Galuppi (1706–1784), composer whose comic operas won him the title father of the opera buffa."[85]
- Mauro Giuliani (1781–1829), the most important guitarist and composer of guitar music of his time
- Niccolò Jommelli (1714–1774), composer of religious music and operas, an innovator in his use of the orchestra
- Giovanni Battista Martini (1706–1784), composer, music theorist, and music historian who was internationally renowned as a teacher[86]
- Giovanni Paisiello (1740–1816), one of the most successful and influential opera composers of his time. He composed more than 80 operas, including a very popular Barber of Seville (1782)[87]
- Niccolò Piccinni (1728–1800), composer of more than 100 operas. His most famous opera was La buona figliuola (1760), which established him as one of the leading composers of his day
- Antonio Salieri (1750–1825), composer whose operas were acclaimed throughout Europe in the late 18th century
- Giovanni Battista Sammartini (1700/1701–1775), composer who was an important formative influence on the pre-Classical symphony
- Giovanni Battista Viotti (1755–1824), violinist and composer, principal founder of the 19th-century school of violin playing
Romantic
[edit]- Vincenzo Bellini (1801–1835), opera composer. His most celebrated works are the operas La sonnambula and Norma (both 1831)
- Arrigo Boito (1842–1918), composer and poet. He is remembered for his opera Mefistofele (1868)
- Alfredo Catalani (1854–1893), composer of the popular opera La Wally (1892). His operas were among the most important in the period preceding the verismo school
- Luigi Cherubini (1760–1842), composer, who lived in Paris after 1788. Of his nearly 40 operas, the most popular were Lodoïska (1791), Médée (1797), and Les deux journées (1800)
- Muzio Clementi (1752–1832), composer, pianist, organist and teacher who is acknowledged as the first to write specifically for the piano
- Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848), opera composer. Among his major works are Lucia di Lammermoor (1835), La fille du régiment (1840), and La favorite (1840)
- Ruggero Leoncavallo (1857–1919), opera composer whose fame rests on the opera Pagliacci (1892)
- Pietro Mascagni (1863–1945), operatic composer, one of the principal exponents of verismo. Mascagni came up with his masterpiece Cavalleria rusticana in 1890 to tremendous success
- Saverio Mercadante (1795–1870), composer, teacher and orchestrator. He is considered to have been an important reformer of Italian opera
- Giuseppe Martucci (1856–1909), composer, conductor, pianist and teacher. Sometimes called "the Italian Brahms"
- Niccolò Paganini (1782–1840), composer and principal violin virtuoso of the 19th century
- Amilcare Ponchielli (1834–1886), composer, known for his opera La Gioconda (1876)
- Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868), composer nicknamed "The Italian Mozart". Operas include: The Barber of Seville (1816), La Cenerentola (1817), and Semiramide (1823)
- Gaspare Spontini (1774–1851), composer and conductor. His most acclaimed work was La Vestale (1807)
- Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901), leading Italian composer of opera in the 19th century, noted for operas such as Rigoletto (1851), La traviata (1853), Aida (1871) and Otello (1887) among others
The 1900s
[edit]- Alfredo Antonini (1901–1983), conductor and composer who was active on the CBS radio and television networks from the 1930s through the early 1970s
- Pippo Barzizza (1902–1994), composer, arranger, conductor and music director
- Luciano Berio (1925–2003), musician, whose success as theorist, conductor, composer, and teacher placed him among the leading representatives of the musical avant-garde[88]
- Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924), pianist and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power
- Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895–1968), composer in the Neoromantic style. Literature and Judaism were influential in his compositions
- Vito Carnevali (1888 – c. 1960) composer of choral music for the Roman Catholic Church[89]
- Francesco Cilea (1866–1950), composer whose operas are distinguished by their melodic charm.[90] known for Adriana Lecouvreur (1902)
- Luigi Dallapiccola (1904–1975), composer known for his lyrical twelve-tone compositions
- Lorenzo Ferrero (born 1951), composer. Among his major works are the operas Salvatore Giuliano (1986), La Conquista (2005), and Risorgimento! (2011)
- Umberto Giordano (1867–1948), opera composer in the verismo, or "realist", style, known for his opera Andrea Chénier (1896)
- Ruggero Leoncavallo (1857–1919), composer and opera librettist. Although he produced numerous operas and other songs it is his opera Pagliacci (1892) that remained his lasting contribution
- Bruno Maderna (1920–1973), composer and conductor. In 1955 he founded the Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano with Luciano Berio[91][92] disseminating contemporary music in Italy.
- Pietro Mascagni (1863–1945), opera composer, famous for Cavalleria rusticana, one of the classic verismo operas
- Gian Carlo Menotti (1911–2007), composer, librettist, director, and playwright who is primarily known for his output of 25 operas
- Ennio Morricone (1928–2020), composer and conductor. He is considered one of the most prolific and influential film composers of his era
- Luigi Nono (1924–1990), leading Italian composer of electronic, aleatory, and serial music
- Riz Ortolani (1926–2014), composer and conductor. He scored over 200 films and television programs In 2013, he received a Lifetime Achievement from the World Soundtrack Academy.
- Goffredo Petrassi (1904–2003), composer of modern classical music, conductor, and teacher
- Lorenzo Perosi (1873–1956), composer of sacred music and the only member of the Giovane Scuola who did not write opera.
- Piero Piccioni (1921–2004), composer, pianist, organist, conductor, lawyer, he was also the prolific author of more than 300 film soundtracks
- Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924), composer of operas. His finest operas, La bohème (1896), Tosca (1900), Madama Butterfly (1904), and Turandot (produced posthumously in 1926)
- Ottorino Respighi (1879–1936), composer, known for colourful tone poems The Fountains of Rome (1916) and The Pines of Rome (1924)
- Nino Rota (1911–1979), composer of film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti
- Renato Serio (born 1946), composer, conductor and arranger.
Conductors
[edit]- Claudio Abbado (1933–2014), conductor. Principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra (1979–88); director of the Vienna State Opera (1986–91), and the Berlin Philharmonic (1989–2001)
- Salvatore Accardo (born 1941), violinist and conductor, who is known for his interpretations of the works of Niccolò Paganini.
- Alfredo Antonini (1901–1983), leading symphony conductor and composer who was active on the international concert stage as well as on the CBS radio and television
- Enrico Bevignani (1841–1903), conductor, harpsichordist, composer, chief conductor at the Royal Opera House, La Fenice, Mariinsky Theatre and the Bolshoi where notably conducted the world premiere of Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin in 1879.
- Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924), pianist, conductor and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power
- Guido Cantelli (1920–1956), conductor. Arturo Toscanini elected him his "spiritual heir" since the beginnings of his career
- Primo Casale (1904–1981), conductor, composer, and violinist. Promotor of the opera in Venezuela since 1948
- Riccardo Chailly (born 1953), conductor known for his devotion to contemporary music, and for his attempts to modernize approaches to the traditional symphonic repertory
- Riccardo Drigo (1846–1930), conductor, composer of ballet music and Italian opera, and a pianist.
- Victor de Sabata (1892–1967), conductor and composer. He is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished operatic conductors of the 20th century
- Piero Gamba (1936–2022), also known as Pierino Gamba, orchestral conductor and pianist. Gamba came to attention as a child prodigy.
- Daniele Gatti (born 1961), conductor. He is considered the foremost conductor of his generation"[93]
- Franco Ferrara (1911–1985), conductor and teacher ofvarious prominent conductors, including Roberto Abbado, Riccardo Chailly, Andrew Davis and Riccardo Muti
- Gianandrea Gavazzeni (1909–1996), conductor of opera
- Carlo Maria Giulini (1914–2005), conductor esteemed for his skills in directing both grand opera and symphony orchestras
- Vittorio Gui (1885–1975), conductor, composer, musicologist and critic
- Fabio Luisi (born 1959), conductor of the Vienna Symphony and the Staatskapelle Dresden
- Gianandrea Noseda (born 1964), conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra of Washington D.C.
- Mantovani (1905–1980), known mononymously as Mantovani, conductor, composer and light orchestra-styled entertainer with a cascading strings musical signature.
- Riccardo Muti (born 1941), conductor of both opera and the symphonic repertory. He became one of the most respected and charismatic conductors of his generation[94]
- Giorgio Polacco (1875–1960), conductor of the Metropolitan Opera from 1915 to 1917 and the Chicago Civic Opera from 1921 to 1930
- Claudio Scimone (1934–2018), conductor. He founded I Solisti Veneti in 1959, specializing in 18th-century and 20th-century Italian music
- Tullio Serafin (1878–1968), conductor. An outstanding conductor of Italian opera, he did much to foster the revival of interest in Bellini and Donizetti
- Giuseppe Sinopoli (1946–2001), performed with an intensity and daring that made him one of Europe's most controversial orchestra leaders
- Arturo Toscanini (1867–1957), conductor, considered one of the great virtuoso conductors of the first half of the 20th century[95]
- Carlo Zecchi (1903–1984), conductor, pianist and music teacher
Singers
[edit]- Adamo (born 1943) – singer
- Alberto Urso (born 1997) – outstanding high sing tenor, singer
- Alexia (born 1967) – singer/songwriter
- Alessandra Amoroso (born 1986) – singer/songwriter
- Annalisa (born 1985) – singer/songwriter
- Renzo Arbore (born 1937) – singer, musician TV presenter
- Arisa (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
- Bianca Atzei (born 1987) – singer/songwriter
- Serena Autieri (born 1976) – singer/songwriter
- Malika Ayane (born 1984) – singer/songwriter
- Baby K (born 1983) – singer/songwriter
- Umberto Balsamo (born 1943) – singer
- Annalisa (born 1985) – singer/songwriter
- Carla Boni (1925–2009) – singer
- Carla Bruni (born 1967) – singer/songwriter
- Bassi Maestro (born 1973) – rapper
- Claudio Baglioni (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
- Franco Battiato (1945–2021) – singer/songwriter, composer
- Lucio Battisti (1943–1998) – singer/songwriter
- Andrea Bocelli (born 1958) – gospel singer/tenor
- Fred Bongusto (1935–2019) – singer/songwriter
- Alessandra Belloni (born 1954) – singer, drummer, dancer, teacher
- Primo Brown (1976–2016) – rapper
- Edoardo Bennato (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
- Eugenio Bennato (born 1948) – singer/songwriter
- Loredana Bertè (born 1950) – performer
- Orietta Berti (born 1943) – singer
- Carla Bissi (Alice) (1954) – singer/songwriter
- Andrea Bocelli (born 1958), opera tenor noted for his unique blend of opera and pop music[96]
- Angelo Branduardi (born 1950) – singer/songwriter
- Michele Bravi (born 1994) – singer/songwriter
- Sergio Bruni (1921–2003), singer, guitarist, and songwriter. He was often called The Voice of Naples
- Fred Buscaglione (1921–1960) – singer/songwriter
- Clementino (born 1982) – rapper
- Coez (born 1983) – singer/rapper
- Andrea Caccese (born 1988) − singer/songwriter
- Renato Carosone (1920–2001) – singer/songwriter
- Caterina Caselli (born 1946) – singer
- Raffaella Carrà (1943–2021) – singer/songwriter
- Albano Carrisi (born 1943) – singer/songwriter
- Marco Carta (born 1985) – singer/songwriter
- Adriano Celentano (born 1938) – singer/songwriter
- Gigliola Cinquetti (born 1947) – singer/songwriter
- Chiara (born 1986) – singer/songwriter
- Riccardo Cocciante (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
- Lodovica Comello (born 1990) – singer/songwriter
- Paolo Conte (born 1937) – singer/songwriter
- Tony Croatto (1940–2005) – singer/songwriter
- Toto Cutugno (1943–2023) – singer/songwriter
- Lorella Cuccarini (born 1965) – singer/songwriter
- Betty Curtis (1936–2006) – singer
- Lucio Dalla (1943–2012) – singer/songwriter
- Pino Daniele (1955–2015) – singer/songwriter
- Gigi D'Alessio (born 1967) – singer/songwriter
- Dargen D'Amico (born 1980) – rapper/singer
- Pino D'Angiò (born 1952) – singer
- Cristina D'Avena (born 1964) – singer
- Fabrizio De André (1940–1999) – singer/songwriter
- Francesco De Gregori (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
- Roberto Demo (born 1965) – singer/songwriter
- Manuel De Peppe (born 1970) – singer/songwriter
- Teresa De Sio (born 1955) – singer/songwriter
- Nicola Di Bari (born 1940) – singer/songwriter
- Franco De Vita (born 1954) – singer/songwriter
- Peppino di Capri (born 1939) – singer/songwriter
- Pino Donaggio (born 1941) – singer
- Aldo Donati (1947–2014) – singer/songwriter
- Johnny Dorelli (born 1937) – singer
- Egreen (born 1984) – rapper
- Elisa (born 1977) – singer/songwriter
- El Presidente (born 1972) – rapper
- Bruno Filippini (born 1945) – singer
- Rosario Fiorello (born 1960) – singer/songwriter
- Enzo Jannacci (1935–2013) – singer/songwriter
- Gorni Kramer (1913–1995)– singer/songwriter
- Emis Killa (born 1989) – rapper
- En?gma (born 1988) – rapper
- Ensi (born 1985) – rapper
- Fabri Fibra (born 1976) – rapper
- Fedez (born 1989) – rapper
- Fred De Palma (born 1989) – rapper
- Sergio Endrigo (1933–2005) – singer/songwriter
- Gabriella Ferri (1942–2004) – singer/songwriter
- Giusy Ferreri (born 1979) – singer/songwriter
- Tiziano Ferro (born 1980) – singer/songwriter
- Eugenio Finardi (born 1952) – singer/songwriter
- Fiordaliso(born 1956) – singer
- Riccardo Fogli (born 1947) – singer/songwriter
- Jimmy Fontana (1934–2013) – singer/songwriter
- Ivano Fossati (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
- Rosanna Fratello (born in 1951) – singer and actress
- Gemitaiz (born 1988) – rapper
- Gué Pequeno (born 1980) – rapper
- Giorgio Gaber (1939–2003) – singer/songwriter
- Francesco Gabbani (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
- Rino Gaetano (1950–1981) – singer/songwriter
- Giorgia (born 1971) – singer/songwriter
- Enrico Gentile (born 1921)– singer. In 1940 he founded a vocal quartet named Quartetto Cetra
- Wilma Goich(born 1945) – singer
- Irene Grandi (born 1969) – singer/songwriter
- Rocco Granata (born 1938) – singer/songwriter
- Francesco Guccini (born 1940) – singer/songwriter
- J-Ax (born 1972) – rapper
- Jovanotti (born 1966) – singer/songwriter and rapper
- Achille Lauro (born 1990) – rapper/singer
- Rudy La Scala (born 1954) – singer/songwriter and record producer
- Bruno Lauzi (1937–2006) – singer/songwriter
- Fausto Leali (born 1944) – singer/songwriter
- Luciano Ligabue (born 1960) – singer/songwriter
- MadMan (born 1988) – rapper
- Mahmood (born 1992) – singer/songwriter
- Marracash (born 1979) – rapper
- Cristiano Malgioglio (born 1945) – singer/songwriter
- Pablo Manavello (1950–2016) – singer/songwriter
- Fiorella Mannoia (born 1954) – performer
- Marino Marini (1924–1997)- singer and musician
- Emma Marrone (born 1984) – singer/songwriter
- Mia Martini (1947–1995) – singer/performer
- Laura Macri (born 1990) – opera singer
- Marco Masini (born 1964) – singer-songwriter, pianist
- Paolo Meneguzzi (born 1976) – singer/songwriter
- Marco Mengoni (born 1988) – singer/songwriter
- Francesca Michielin (born 1995) – singer/songwriter
- Milva (1939–2021) – performer
- Mina (born 1940) – performer
- Moreno (born 1989) – rapper/singer
- Domenico Modugno (1928–1994) – singer/songwriter
- Yves Montand (1921–1991) – singer/songwriter
- Gianni Morandi (born 1944) – performer
- Fabrizio Moro (born 1975) – singer/songwriter
- Franco Mussida (Premiata Forneria Marconi) (born 1947) – singer/songwriter
- Gianna Nannini (born 1954) – singer/songwriter
- Neffa (born 1967) – rapper/singer/songwriter
- Nek (born 1972) – singer/songwriter
- Nesli (born 1980) – rapper
- Noemi (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
- Nitro (born 1993) – rapper
- Gino Paoli (born 1934) – singer/songwriter
- Laura Pausini (born 1974) – singer/songwriter
- Rita Pavone (born 1946) – singer
- Emilio Pericoli (1928–2013) – singer
- Nilla Pizzi (1919–2011) – singer
- Povia (born 1972) – singer/songwriter
- Patty Pravo (born 1948) – singer
- Pupo(born1955), singer, lyricist, television presenter, writer and voice actor
- Alberto Rabagliati (1906–1974) – singer
- Rancore (born 1989) – rapper
- Rocco Hunt (born 1994) – rapper/singer
- Katyna Ranieri (1925–2018) – singer
- Massimo Ranieri (born 1951) – singer
- Eros Ramazzotti (born 1963) – singer/songwriter
- Mino Reitano (1944–2009) – singer/songwriter
- Tony Renis (born 1938) – singer
- Donatella Rettore (born 1953) – singer/songwriter
- Stefano Righi (born 1969) – singer/songwriter
- Vasco Rossi (born 1952) – singer/songwriter
- Fabio Rovazzi (born 1994) – rapper/singer
- Enrico Ruggeri (born 1957) – singer/songwriter
- Antonella Ruggiero (born 1952) – performer
- Giuni Russo (1951–2004) – singer/songwriter
- Salmo (born 1984) – rapper
- Shade (born 1987) – rapper
- Valerio Scanu (born 1990) – singer/songwriter
- Bobby Solo (born 1945) – singer/songwriter
- Demetrio Stratos (Area) (1945–1973) – singer/songwriter
- Aldo Tagliapietra (Le Orme) (1945) – singer/songwriter
- Luigi Tenco (1938–1967) – singer/songwriter
- Little Tony (1941–2013) – singer/songwriter
- Vacca (born 1979) – rapper
- Ornella Vanoni (born 1934) – performer
- Roberto Vecchioni (born 1943) – singer/songwriter
- Antonello Venditti (born 1949) – singer/songwriter
- Gioconda Vessichelli (21st-century) – opera singer and actress[97]
- Edoardo Vianello (born 1938) – singer/songwriter
- Claudio Villa (1926–1987) – singer
- Yordano (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
- Iva Zanicchi(born 1940) – singer
- Renato Zero (born 1950) – singer/songwriter
- Zucchero (born 1955) – singer/songwriter
- Renzo Vitale – Italian artist
Castrati singers
[edit]- Antonio Bernacchi (1685–1756), contralto castrato, sang in operas throughout Italy and also abroad, notably at Munich and for Handel in London
- Caffarelli (1710–1783), contralto castrato. A pupil of Nicola Porpora; he sang for Handel in London, England, in 1738, creating the title roles in Faramondo and Serse
- Giovanni Carestini (c. 1704 – c. 1760), contralto castrato, one of the foremost of his time. Début Rome 1721
- Girolamo Crescentini (1762–1846), mezzo-soprano castrato. His repertory being chiefly operas by Zingarelli, Cimarosa and Gazzaniga
- Farinelli (1705–1782), both soprano and contralto
- Giacinto Fontana, called "Farfallino" (1692–1739), soprano castrato. He was active primarily in Rome, specialized in performing female roles (women were not permitted to appear onstage in the Papal States)
- Nicolò Grimaldi (1673–1732), mezzo-soprano castrato known for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, in two of whose early operas he sang
- Giovanni Francesco Grossi (1653–1697), soprano castrato. He sang Siface in Cavalli's Scipione affricano (1671) and was thereafter always known by that name
- Gaetano Guadagni (1728–1792), contralto castrato, known for singing the role of Orpheus at the premiere of Gluck's opera Orfeo ed Euridice in 1762
- Giuseppe Millico, called "Il Moscovita" (1737–1802), soprano castrato, known for his association with the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck, he performed in all the latter's reform operas.
- Alessandro Moreschi (1858–1922), soprano castrato, known as the angel of Rome "because of vocal purity[98]
- Gaspare Pacchierotti (1740–1821), soprano castrato, one of the most famous singers of his time
- Senesino (1686–1758), contralto castrato, renowned for his power and his skill in both coloratura and expressive singing
- Giovanni Velluti (1780–1861), soprano. The last of the leading castrate singers
Sopranos
[edit]- Gemma Bellincioni (1864–1950), opera singer, soprano
- Maria Caniglia (1905–1979), soprano; one of the leading Italian dramatic sopranos of the 1930s and 1940s
- Mariella Devia (born 1948), after beginning her forty-five-year-long career as a lyric coloratura soprano, in recent years she has enjoyed success with some of the most dramatic roles in the bel canto repertoire.
- Mirella Freni (1935–2020), soprano; one of the dominant figures on the opera scene; she has since performed at many venues, including Milan, Vienna and Salzburg
- Adalgisa Gabbi (1857–1933), operatic soprano
- Cecilia Gasdia (born 1960), operatic soprano.
- Amelita Galli-Curci (1882–1963), coloratura soprano
- Giulia Grisi (1811–1869), operatic soprano whose brilliant dramatic voice established her as an operatic prima donna for more than 30 years[99]
- Fausta Labia (1870–1935), operatic soprano
- Claudia Muzio (1889–1936), operatic soprano, whose international career was among the most successful of the early 20th century. She brought drama and pathos to all her roles
- Giuditta Pasta (1797–1865), soprano. She was famed for her roles in the operas of Rossini, Bellini and Donizetti; acclaimed for her vocal range and expressiveness
- Adelina Patti (1843–1919), soprano; one of the great coloratura singers of the 19th century
- Amelia Pinto (1876–1946), remembered for Wagner and Puccini performances
- Renata Scotto (born 1934), soprano and opera director; considered one of the preeminent singers of her generation, specializing in the bel canto repertoire
- Renata Tebaldi (1922–2004), lyric soprano; one of the most acclaimed members of the Metropolitan Opera company from 1955 to 1973, and retired from singing in 1976
- Luisa Tetrazzini (1871–1940), coloratura soprano; one of the finest of her time
Mezzo-sopranos
[edit]- Cecilia Bartoli (born 1966), operatic mezzo-soprano who achieved global stardom with her outstanding vocal skills
- Faustina Bordoni (1697–1781), mezzo-soprano; known for her beauty and acting as well as her vocal range and breath control
- Fiorenza Cossotto (born 1935), mezzo-soprano; she is considered by many to be one of the great mezzo-sopranos of the 20th century
- Armida Parsi-Pettinella (1868–1949), successful at the Scala, especially as Dalila
- Giulietta Simionato (1910–2010), mezzo-soprano who excelled at bel canto and lighter operas by Rossini and Mozart
- Ebe Stignani (1903/1904–1974), mezzo-soprano; member of the Scala ensemble and was regarded as its leading exponent of dramatic contralto and mezzo roles
- Lucia Valentini Terrani (1946–1998), mezzo-soprano, she was particularly associated with Rossini roles
Contraltos
[edit]- Marietta Alboni (1823–1894), operatic contralto known for her classic Italian bel canto
- Clorinda Corradi (1804–1877), opera singer; one of the most famous contraltos in history
- Giuseppina Grassini (1773–1850), noted Italian contralto and a singing teacher
Tenors
[edit]- Giovanni Ansani (1744–1826), operatic tenor
- Giuseppe Anselmi (1876–Zoagli), operatic tenor
- Daniele Barioni (1930–2022), lyric tenor
- Carlo Bergonzi (1924–2014), lyric tenor; from 1956 to 1983, his beautiful voice was a fixture in the 19th-century Italian and French repertoire at the Metropolitan Opera[100]
- Alessandro Bonci (1870–1940), leggero tenor
- Franco Bonisolli (1938–2003), lyric tenor
- Dino Borgioli (1891–1960), lyric tenor
- Enrico Caruso (1873–1921), lyric tenor, particularly associated with Verismo operas, and first successful recorded tenor of history
- Franco Corelli (1921–2003), spinto tenor; powerful voice and passionate singing style; had a major international opera career between 1951 and 1976
- Carlo Cossutta (1932–2000), dramatic tenor
- Giacomo David (1750–1830), operatic tenor
- Giovanni David (1790–1864), operatic tenor
- Giovanni Matteo De Candia (1810–1883), operatic tenor mostly known with his stage name as "Mario", married with soprano Giulia Grisi
- Fernando De Lucia (1860–1925), operatic tenor and singing teacher who enjoyed an international career
- Mario Del Monaco (1915–1982), dramatic tenor
- Bernardo De Muro (1881–1955), operatic tenor
- Enzo de Muro Lomanto (1902–1952), lyric tenor
- Giuseppe Di Stefano (1921–2008), lyric tenor who was hailed as one of the finest operatic tenors of his generation[101]
- Domenico Donzelli (1790–1873), operatic tenor
- Mario Filippeschi (1907–1979), lyric tenor
- Salvatore Fisichella (1943), lyric-leggero tenor
- Beniamino Gigli (1890–1957), lyric-leggero tenor. The most famous tenor of his generation; was a leading in French and Italian operas from 1920 to 1932
- Giacomo Lauri-Volpi (1892–1979), lyric-spinto tenor; he performed throughout Europe and the Americas in a top-class career that spanned 40 years
- Francesco Marconi (1853–1916), lyric-spinto tenor
- Giovanni Martinelli (1885–1969), spinto tenor; his repertoire of about 50 roles included the leading tenor roles in nearly all the principal Italian operas[102]
- Francesco Merli (1887–1976), dramatic tenor
- Pier Miranda Ferraro (1924–2008), lyric-dramatic tenor
- Nicola Monti (1920–1993), leggero tenor
- Andrea Nozzari (1776–1832), operatic tenor
- Luciano Pavarotti (1935–2007), lyric-leggero tenor
- Aureliano Pertile (1885–1952), lyric-dramatic tenor; one of the most important of the entire 20th century
- Arrigo Pola (1919–1999), lyric tenor
- Giacinto Prandelli (1914–2010), lyric tenor
- Gianni Raimondi (1923–2008), lyric-spinto tenor, particularly associated with the Italian repertory
- Giovanni Battista Rubini (1794–1854), operatic tenor; known for playing heroic roles
- Giovanni Sbriglia (1832–1916), operatic tenor
- Tito Schipa (1888–1965), leggero tenor; considered one of the finest tenore di grazia in operatic history
- Roberto Stagno (1840–1897), lyric tenor
- Ferruccio Tagliavini (1913–1995), lyric-leggero tenor
- Francesco Tamagno (1850–1905), lyric-spinto tenor; became famous for his performances in the title roles of Verdi's Otello and Don Carlos
- Enrico Tamberlik (1820–1889), operatic tenor
- Cesare Valletti (1922–2000), leggero tenor
- Giovanni Zenatello (1876–1949), dramatic tenor
Baritones
[edit]- Pasquale Amato (1878–1942), operatic baritone; from 1908 to 1921 he sang leading baritone roles at the Metropolitan Opera
- Ettore Bastianini (1922–1967), operatic baritone; was particularly associated with the operas of Verdi
- Mattia Battistini (1856–1928), operatic baritone; a great master of bel canto
- Renato Bruson (born 1934), operatic baritone; one of the most important Verdi baritones of the late 20th and early 21st century
- Piero Cappuccilli (1926–2005), operatic baritone; enjoyed a 35-year career during which he was widely regarded as the leading Italian baritone of his generation[103]
- Antonio Cotogni (1831–1918), operatic baritone
- Giuseppe De Luca (1876–1950), operatic baritone
- Tito Gobbi (1913–1984), operatic baritone; he sang in most of the great opera houses and was acclaimed for his acting ability
- Rolando Panerai (1924–2019), baritone; début Florence (1946) with Lucia di Lammermoor
- Giorgio Ronconi (1810–1890), operatic baritone; one of the most popular artists on the lyric stage until his retirement in 1866
- Titta Ruffo (1877–1953), operatic baritone
- Antonio Scotti (1866–1936), baritone a principal artist of the New York Metropolitan Opera for more than 33 seasons, but also sang with great success at London's Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, and Milan's La Scala
- Giuseppe Taddei (1916–2010), baritone; he has performed more than 100 operatic roles over six decades
Basses
[edit]- Salvatore Baccaloni (1900–1969), operatic bass; known for his large repertory, he sang nearly 170 roles in five languages
- Sesto Bruscantini (1919–2003), operatic bass-baritone, buffo singer
- Enzo Dara (1938–2017), bass buffo; one of the foremost performers of his generation
- Nazzareno De Angelis (1881–1962), operatic bass, particularly associated with Verdi, Rossini and Wagner roles
- Ferruccio Furlanetto (born 1949), bass; known as a brilliant interpreter in the Italian repertoire and as a Mozart-singer
- Luigi Lablache (1794–1858), operatic bass admired for his musicianship and acting
- Paolo Montarsolo (1925–2006), operatic bass particularly associated with buffo roles
- Tancredi Pasero (1893–1983), bass; particularly associated with the Italian repertory
- Ezio Pinza (1892–1957), operatic performer who was the leading basso at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City (1926–1948)
- Cesare Siepi (1923–2010), bass singer who won over audiences worldwide in signature roles such as Don Giovanni and Figaro in The Marriage of Figaro
Painters
[edit]Ancient Rome
[edit]- Amulius (1st century AD), Roman painter. One of the principal painters of the Domus Aurea
- Furius Dionysius Philocalus (4th century AD), Roman chronograph and painter
- Pacuvius (220–130 BC), Roman writer and painter
- Studius (1st century BC and 1st century AD), Roman painter of the Augustan period
Middle Ages
[edit]- Altichiero (c. 1330 – c. 1390), painter who was the effective founder of the Veronese school and perhaps the most significant northern Italian artist of the 14th century[104]
- Bonaventura Berlinghieri (fl. 1235–1244), painter of the Gothic period. His most celebrated work is St. Francis of Assisi (1235); one of the earliest icons of the Saint
- Pietro Cavallini (c. 1250 – c. 1330), painter and mosaicist. His surviving works are frescoes in Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and in Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia
- Cimabue (before 1251–1302), painter and mosaicist. Among his works may be cited the Sta. Trinità Madonna (c. 1290) and the Madonna Enthroned with St. Francis (c. 1290 – 95)
- Coppo di Marcovaldo (fl. 1260–1276), painter, one of the earliest about whom there is a body of documented knowledge. His one signed work is the Madonna del Bordone (1261)
- Bernardo Daddi (c. 1280 – 1348), painter, the outstanding painter in Florence in the period after the death of Giotto (who was possibly his teacher)[105]
- Duccio (fl. 1278–1319), painter. Founder of the Sienese school. His most celebrated work is a large altar called the Maestà (1308–1311) in the Siena cathedral
- Taddeo Gaddi (c. 1300 – 1366), painter and architect, known for the fresco series Life of the Virgin (completed in 1338)
- Giottino (fl. 1324–1369), painter of the school of Giotto. He has been credited with frescoes in Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence, and in the Lower Church of St. Francis in Assisi
- Giotto di Bondone (1266/7–1337), painter, the first of the great Italian masters.[106] His work includes cycles of frescoes in Assisi, the Arena Chapel in Padua and the Church of Santa Croce
- Guido of Siena (13th century), painter. One of the innovators in Italian art after the dominance of the Byzantine style
- Ambrogio Lorenzetti (c. 1290 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. Known for the cycle of frescoes (1337–39) in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena
- Pietro Lorenzetti (c. 1280 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. His Nativity of the Virgin (c. 1335 – 1342), is notable for his handling of perspective
- Simone Martini (c. 1284 – 1344), painter, important exponent of Gothic art. Among his works may be cited the Maestà fresco (1315) and Annunciation and two Saints (1333)
- Lippo Memmi (c. 1291 – 1356), painter from Siena. One of the artists who worked at the Orvieto Cathedral, for which he finished the Madonna dei Raccomandati (c. 1320)
- Orcagna (c. 1308 – 1368), painter, sculptor and architect. He was one of the leading artists of his day[107]
- Paolo Veneziano (fl. 1333–1358), painter and possibly illuminator. He was by far the most prolific and influential Venetian painter of the early 14th century[108]
- Giunta Pisano (fl. 1236–1255),[109] painter. Three large Crucifixions are ascribed to the same master, whose signature can be traced on them
- Piero da Rimini, early 14th century, painter.
- Jacopo Torriti (fl. 1270–1300), painter and mosaicist. His work is now known only from two highly prominent signed apse mosaics in the basilicas of St. John Lateran and Santa Maria Maggiore
Renaissance and Mannerism
[edit]- Mariotto Albertinelli (1474–1515), painter, known for The Visitation (1503) and The Annunciation (1510)
- Alessandro Allori (1535–1607), painter. His varied output included altarpieces, portraits, and tapestry designs. The Pearl Fishing (1570–1572) is generally considered his masterpiece
- Andrea del Castagno (c. 1421 – 1457), painter in the early Florentine Renaissance. Known for a series of monumental frescoes depicting the Last Supper
- Andrea del Sarto (1486–1530), painter. His most striking among other well-known works is the series of frescoes on the life of St. John the Baptist in the Chiostro dello Scalzo (c. 1515 – 1526)
- Andrea del Verrocchio (c. 1435 – 1488), sculptor and painter. Among his principal paintings are Baptism of Christ (1472–1475) and several versions of the Madonna and Child
- Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1535 – 1625), painter, mainly of portraits, the first woman artist to win international renown[110]
- Antonello da Messina (c. 1430 – 1479), Sicilian painter. Major works were altarpieces and portraits
- Antonio da Correggio (1489–1534), painter, known for the frescoes in the domes of San Giovanni Evangelista and the Cathedral of Parma, where he worked from 1520 to 1530
- Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527–1593), painter, famous for his allegorical or symbolical compositions in which he arranged objects such as fruits and vegetables into the form of the human face
- Alesso Baldovinetti (1425–1499), painter. He contributed importantly to the fledgling art of landscape painting[111]
- Jacopo de' Barbari (c. 1440–before 1516), painter and printmaker. His few surviving paintings (about twelve) include the first known example of trompe-l'œil since antiquity
- Federico Barocci (c. 1526 – 1612), leading painter of the central Italian school in the last decades of the 16th century and an important precursor of the Baroque style
- Jacopo Bassano (c. 1510 – 1592), painter of the Venetian school, known for his religious paintings, lush landscapes, and scenes of everyday life
- Domenico di Pace Beccafumi (1486–1551), painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker and illuminator. He was one of the protagonists of Tuscan Mannerism[112]
- Gentile Bellini (c. 1429 – 1507), painter, member of the founding family of the Venetian school of Renaissance painting, known for his portraiture and his scenes of Venice
- Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430 – 1516), painter. Among his works may be cited St. Francis in Ecstasy (c. 1480) and Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan (1501)
- Jacopo Bellini (c. 1400 – c. 1470), painter who introduced the principles of Florentine early Renaissance art into Venice[113]
- Ambrogio Bergognone (c. 1470 – 1523–1524), painter. His most important works are the frescoes in the Certosa di Pavia
- Boccaccio Boccaccino (c. 1467 – c. 1525), painter. His most impressive work is the fresco cycle of the Life of the Virgin along the nave in the cathedral at Cremona
- Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio (1466/1467–1516), painter. He was a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci, whose style he adhered to faithfully
- Paris Bordone (1500–1571), painter of religious, mythological, and anecdotal subjects, known for his striking sexualized paintings of women
- Sandro Botticelli (c. 1445 – 1510), painter of the Florentine school. The Primavera (c. 1482) and The Birth of Venus (c. 1486) rank now among the most familiar masterpieces of Florentine art
- Francesco Botticini (1446–1498), painter profoundly influenced by Castagno; worked under and was formed by Cosimo Rosselli and Verrocchio
- Bramantino (c. 1456 – c. 1530), painter and architect, a follower of Bramante, from whom he takes his nickname
- Bronzino (1503–1572), painter. He is noted chiefly for his stylized portraits. Of his religious works, Deposition of Christ (1540–1545) is the most famous
- Luca Cambiasi (1527–1585), painter and draughtsman. He was the outstanding Genoese painter of the 16th century
- Vittore Carpaccio (c. 1460 – 1525–1526), painter active in Venice, known for the cycle depicting the life of Saint Ursula and the Saint George series
- Cennino Cennini (c. 1370 – c. 1440), painter, known for writing Il libro dell'arte (1437), source on the methods, techniques, and attitudes of medieval artists[114]
- Cigoli (1559–1613), painter, draughtsman, architect and scenographer. He was one of the most influential artists in 17th-century Florence[115]
- Cima da Conegliano (c. 1459 – c. 1517), painter of the Venetian school whose style was marked by its use of landscape and by airy, luminous colour
- Niccolò Antonio Colantonio (fl. 1440–1470), painter, based in Naples, where he painted religious paintings in a style marked by Flemish influence
- Francesco del Cossa (c. 1430 – c. 1477), painter of the Ferrarese school, best known works are the frescoes in the Palazzo Schifanoia at Ferrara (probably commissioned in 1469)
- Lorenzo Costa (1460–1535), painter of the Ferrarese and Bolognese schools, known for his painting the Madonna and Child with the Bentivoglio family (1483)
- Carlo Crivelli (c. 1435 – c. 1495), painter. All his works were of religious subjects, done in an elaborate, old-fashioned style reminiscent of the linearism of Andrea Mantegna
- Daniele da Volterra (c. 1509 – 1566), painter and sculptor, noted for his finely drawn, highly idealized figures done in the style of Michelangelo
- Ercole de' Roberti (c. 1451 – 1496), painter. His dynamic figurative compositions are marked by an exceptional intensity of feeling
- Francesco de' Rossi (1510–1563), painter and designer, one of the leading Mannerist fresco painters of the Florentine-Roman school[116]
- Niccolò dell'Abbate (1509 or 1512–1571), painter and decorator. He is credited with introducing landscape painting in France
- Dosso Dossi (c. 1490 – 1542), painter and leader of the Ferrarese school in the 16th century[117]
- Gaudenzio Ferrari (c. 1471 – 1546), painter and sculptor, one of the leading representatives of the Lombard school
- Rosso Fiorentino (1494–1540), painter. His masterpiece is generally considered to be the Deposition or Descent from the Cross altarpiece in the Pinacoteca Comunale di Volterra
- Lavinia Fontana (1552–1614), painter. She was one of the first women painters in European history to have enjoyed professional success[118]
- Prospero Fontana (1512–1597), painter, father of Lavinia Fontana. One of the leading painters in Bologna
- Vincenzo Foppa (c. 1430 – c. 1515), painter, leading figure in 15th-century Lombard art[119]
- Fra Angelico (c. 1395 – 1455), painter. His best-known works are frescoes at the monastery of San Marco, Florence, and in the chapel of Pope Nicholas V in the Vatican
- Fra Bartolomeo (1472–1517), painter, a leading figure of the High Renaissance. Noted for his austere religious works
- Franciabigio (1482–1525), painter, known for his portraits and religious paintings
- Agnolo Gaddi (c. 1350 – 1396), painter. He was an influential and prolific artist who was the last major Florentine painter stylistically descended from Giotto[120]
- Fede Galizia (1578–1630), painter, one of the earliest still life painters in Italy, who was also known for miniature portraits, landscapes, and religious subjects
- Gentile da Fabriano (c. 1370 – 1427), painter, one of the outstanding exponents of the elegant international Gothic style[121]
- Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494), painter. His most famous achievement is his fresco cycle of the life of Mary and St. John the Baptist for the choir of Santa Maria Novella (1485–1490)
- Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (1483–1561), painter. He was the son of Domenico Ghirlandaio, and was trained in his father's workshop
- Giorgione (c. 1477/8–1510), painter of the Venetian school. His The Tempest (c. 1508), a milestone in Renaissance landscape painting
- Giovanni da Udine (1487–1564), painter and architect. A pupil of Raphael and one of his assistants in painting the frescoes of the Vatican
- Giovanni di Paolo (c. 1403 – 1482), painter. One of the most attractive and idiosyncratic painters of the Sienese School
- Stefano di Giovanni (c. 1400 – 1450), painter of the Sienese school, is noted for the gentle piety of his art
- Benozzo Gozzoli (c. 1421 – 1497), painter. He is famous for his numerous frescos, such as The Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem (1459–1461) in the Medici Palace, Florence
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer and scientist. The supreme example of Renaissance genius. Author of Mona Lisa (c. 1503 – 1506)
- Filippino Lippi (c. 1457 – 1504), painter. His most popular painting is the Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard altarpiece (1480)
- Filippo Lippi (c. 1406 – 1469), painter. His finest fresco cycle is in Prato cathedral and depicts the lives of St. Stephen and St. John the Baptist
- Gian Paolo Lomazzo (1538–1592), painter. His first work, Trattato dell'arte della pittura, scoltura et architettura (1584) is in part a guide to contemporary concepts of decorum
- Lorenzo di Credi (1459–1537), painter and sculptor. Examples of his art are the Madonna with Child and Two Saints and Adoration
- Lorenzo Monaco (c. 1370 – c. 1425), painter, one of the leading artists in Florence at the beginning of the 15th century[122]
- Lorenzo Lotto (c. 1480 – 1556), painter known for his perceptive portraits and mystical paintings of religious subjects
- Bernardino Luini (c. 1480/1482–1532), painter, known for his mythological and religious frescoes
- Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431 – 1506), painter. His most important works were nine tempera pictures of Triumph of Caesar (c. 1486) and his decoration of the ceiling of the Camera degli Sposi
- Masaccio (1401–1428), painter. His most famous works are the frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel and in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine, in Florence
- Masolino da Panicale (c. 1383 – c. 1447), painter of the Florentine school. He collaborated with Masaccio, in a cycle of frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, in Florence
- Melozzo da Forlì (c. 1438 – 1494), painter of the Umbrian school. One of the great fresco artists of the 15th century
- Michelangelo (1475–1564), sculptor, painter, architect and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.[123] Author of The Creation of Adam (c. 1511)
- Moretto da Brescia (c. 1498 – 1554), painter. Together with Romanino and Girolamo Savoldo, he was one of the most distinguished painters of Brescia of the 16th century[124]
- Giovanni Battista Moroni (c. 1520/1524–1578), painter. He was known for his sober and dignified portraits
- Palma Giovane (1548/1550–1628), painter. The leading Venetian painter and draftsman of the late 16th and early 17th centuries
- Palma Vecchio (c. 1480 – 1528), painter of the High Renaissance, noted for the craftsmanship of his religious and mythological works
- Parmigianino (1503–1540), painter, one of the first artists to develop the elegant and sophisticated version of Mannerist style
- Perino del Vaga (1501–1547), painter. A pupil and assistant of Raphael Sanzio in Rome, he carried out decorations in the Logge of the Vatican from Raphael's designs
- Francesco Pesellino (1422–1457), painter of the Florentine school who excelled in the execution of small-scale paintings
- Piero della Francesca (c. 1415 – 1492), painter and mathematician. His most famous cycle, The History of the True Cross (1452–1466), depicts scenes from the Golden Legend
- Piero di Cosimo (1462–1521), painter noted for his eccentric character and his fanciful mythological paintings[125]
- Pietro Perugino (1446–1524), painter. One of his most famous masterpieces is The Delivery of the Keys (1481–1482), in the Sistine Chapel
- Pinturicchio (1454–1513), painter, known for his highly decorative frescoes. His most elaborate project was the decoration of the Cathedral of Siena
- Pisanello (c. 1395 – 1455), medalist and painter. He is regarded as the foremost exponent of the International Gothic style in Italian painting[126]
- Polidoro da Caravaggio (c. 1499 – 1543), painter. One of the most original and innovative artists of the mid-16th century[127]
- Antonio del Pollaiuolo (1429/1433–1498), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, and engraver, was a master of anatomical rendering and excelled in action subjects, notably mythologies
- Pontormo (1494–1557), painter. He is thought to have painted Vertumnus and Pomona (1520–1521), which shows qualities characteristic of mannerism
- Il Pordenone (c. 1484 – 1539), painter chiefly known for his frescoes of religious subjects
- Francesco Primaticcio (1504–1570), painter, architect, sculptor, and leader of the first school of Fontainebleau[128]
- Francesco Raibolini (c. 1450 – 1517), painter, goldsmith and medallist. His major surviving paintings are altarpieces, mostly images of the Virgin and saints
- Raphael (1483–1520), painter and architect, expressed the ideals of the High Renaissance, known for his Madonnas
- Giulio Romano (c. 1499 – 1546), painter and architect. Well-known oils include The Stoning of St. Stephen (Church of Santo Stefano, Genoa) and Adoration of the Magi (Louvre)
- Cosimo Rosselli (1439–1507), painter. Of his many works in Florence the most famous is The Miracle-working Chalice in Sant' Ambrogio, a work that includes many contemporary portraits[129]
- Andrea Schiavone (c. 1510/15–1563), painter and etcher. His most characteristic works were fairly small religious or mythological pictures for private patrons
- Sebastiano del Piombo (c. 1485 – 1547), painter of the Venetian School, known for his portraits, including his portrayal of Pope Clement VII (1526)
- Luca Signorelli (c. 1445 – 1523), painter, known for his nudes and for his novel compositional devices. His masterpiece is the fresco cycle in Orvieto Cathedral
- Il Sodoma (1477–1549), painter, a master of the human figure and leading pupil of Leonardo da Vinci
- Francesco Squarcione (c. 1395 – after 1468), painter who founded the Paduan school and is known for being the teacher of Andrea Mantegna and other noteworthy painters[130]
- Taddeo di Bartolo (c. 1362 – 1422), painter. He was the leading painter in Siena in the first two decades of the 15th century and also worked in and for other cities[131]
- Antonio Tempesta (1555–1630), painter and engraver from Florence who specialised in pastoral scenes
- Pellegrino Tibaldi (1527–1596), painter, sculptor, and architect who spread the style of Italian Mannerist painting in Spain during the late 16th century[132]
- Tintoretto (1518–1594), painter of the Venetian school. One of the most important artists of the late Renaissance. His works include St. George and the Dragon (1555)
- Titian (c. 1488/1490–1576), painter of the Venetian school, noted for his religious and mythological works, such as Bacchus and Ariadne (1520–1523), and his portraits
- Cosimo Tura (c. 1430 – 1495), painter who was the founder and the first significant figure of the 15th-century school of Ferrara[133]
- Paolo Uccello (1397–1475), painter. His three panels depicting The Battle of San Romano (1438), combine the decorative late Gothic style with the new heroic style of the early Renaissance
- Bartolomeo Veneto (fl. 1502–1546), painter who worked in Northern Italy in an area bounded by Venice and Milan
- Domenico Veneziano (c. 1410 – 1461), painter. In Florence he created his most celebrated work, the St. Lucy Altarpiece (c. 1445 – 1447)
- Paolo Veronese (1528–1588), painter of the Venetian school, famous for paintings such as The Wedding at Cana (1563) and The Feast in the House of Levi (1573)
- Alvise Vivarini (1442/1453–1503–1505), painter in the late Gothic style whose father, Antonio, was the founder of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists
- Bartolomeo Vivarini (c. 1432 – c. 1499), painter and member of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists
- Jacopo Zabolino (active 1461–1494) painter of frescoes of a mainly religious theme
- Federico Zuccari (c. 1540/1541–1609), painter and architect. He was the author of L'idea de' Pittori, Scultori, ed Architetti (1607)
- Taddeo Zuccari (1529–1566), painter. One of the most popular members of the Roman mannerist school
Baroque and Rococo
[edit]- Francesco Albani (1578–1660), painter, known for paintings of mythological and poetic subjects
- Giacomo Alberelli (1600–1650), painter, pupil of Jacopo Palma the Younger
- Cristofano Allori (1577–1621), painter. He became one of the foremost Florentine artists of the early Baroque period, also winning renown as a courtier, poet, musician and lover[134]
- Jacopo Amigoni (1682–1752), painter and etcher. His oeuvre includes decorative frescoes for churches and palaces, history and mythological paintings and a few etchings
- Leonardo dell'Arca (active c. 1600), engraver. His work is held permanently at the Victoria and Albert Museum.[135]
- Marcello Bacciarelli (1731–1818), painter working at the royal court in Warsaw, who captured seminal moments in Polish history on canvas
- Sisto Badalocchio (1585 – c. 1647), painter and engraver. His most important work are the frescoes in the cupola and pendentives of St. John the Baptist (Reggio Emilia)[136]
- Pompeo Batoni (1708–1787), painter
- Bernardo Bellotto (1720–1780), painter of vedute ("view paintings")
- Guido Cagnacci (1601–1663), painter. Particularly noteworthy are his altarpieces of the Virgin and Child with Three Carmelite Saints (c. 1631) and Christ with Saints Joseph and Eligius (1635)
- Canaletto (1697–1768), painter and etcher, noted particularly for his highly detailed paintings of cities, esp Venice, which are marked by strong contrasts of light and shade
- Battistello Caracciolo (1578–1635), painter. Caravaggesque painter and the founder of Neapolitan Caravaggism[137]
- Caravaggio (1571–1610), painter of the baroque whose influential works, such as The Entombment of Christ (1602–1603), are marked by intense realism and revolutionary use of light
- Annibale Carracci (1560–1609), painter. Well known among his numerous works are The Beaneater (1580–1590), The Choice of Hercules (1596) and Domine quo vadis? (c. 1603)
- Ludovico Carracci (1555–1619), painter, draughtsman and etcher born in Bologna
- Rosalba Carriera (1675–1757), portrait painter and miniaturist, Rococo style, known for her work in pastels[138]
- Giuseppe Crespi (1665–1747), painter of the Bolognese school, known for the imposing paintings of the Seven Sacraments (1712)
- Carlo Dolci (1616–1686), Florentine painter, known for his paintings of the heads and half-figures of Jesus and the Mater Dolorosa
- Domenichino (1581–1641), painter of the baroque eclectic school who is noted for his religious and mythological works, including several frescoes of Saint Cecilia
- Domenico Fetti (c. 1589 – 1623), painter whose best-known works are small representations of biblical parables
- Filippo Gagliardi (1606–1659), painter active mainly in Rome. helped in the renovation of San Martino ai Monti (1647–54). He was a member of the Accademia di San Luca from at least 1638 and became principe in 1656–58. He was also a member of the Congregazione dei Virtuosi del Pantheon.
- Giovanni Battista Gaulli (1639–1709), painter. He was a celebrated artist of the Roman High Baroque. Worship of the Holy Name of Jesus (1674–1679) is his most noted work
- Artemisia Gentileschi (1593–1653), painter. Among her works may be cited Susanna and the Elders (1610) and Judith Slaying Holofernes (1614–1620)
- Orazio Gentileschi (1563–1639), painter. The Annunciation (1623), painted in Genoa and now in the Galleria Sabauda of Turin, is considered by several authorities his masterpiece
- Luca Giordano (1634–1705), painter, the most important Italian decorative artist of the second half of the 17th century
- Francesco Guardi (1712–1793), painter, a follower of Canaletto. His many charming landscapes are in the galleries of London, Paris, Venice and Boston
- Guercino (1591–1666), painter. Extremely skillful, prolific, and quick to finish his work, he was known for his frescoes, altarpieces, oils, and drawings
- Giovanni Lanfranco (1582–1647), painter, one of the foremost artists of the High Baroque. His masterpiece is the Assumption of the Virgin in the dome of Sant'Andrea della Valle (1625–1627)
- Pietro Longhi (1702–1785), painter, known for his small pictures depicting the life of upper-middle-class Venetians of his day
- Alessandro Magnasco (1667–1749), painter, known for his scenes of disembodied, flame-like figures in stormy landscapes or cavernous interiors
- Bartolomeo Manfredi (1582–1622), painter, active mainly in Rome, where he was one of the most important of Caravaggio's followers
- Carlo Maratta (1625–1713), painter and engraver of the Roman school; one of the last great masters of Baroque classicism
- Pietro Novelli (1603–1647), painter. Probably the most distinguished Sicilian painter of the 17th century[139]
- Giovanni Paolo Panini (1691–1765), the foremost painter of Roman topography in the 18th century[140]
- Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (1682–1754), painter, illustrator and designer. His most popular work is the celebrated Fortune Teller (1740)
- Andrea Pozzo (1642–1709), painter, a leading exponent of the baroque style. His masterpiece is the nave ceiling of the Church of Sant'Ignazio in Rome
- Mattia Preti (1613–1699), painter, called Il Calabrese for his birthplace. His most substantial undertaking was the decoration of St. John's, Valletta
- Guido Reni (1575–1642), painter noted for the classical idealism of his renderings of mythological and religious subjects
- Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734), painter. He is remembered for his decorative paintings, which mark the transition between the late Baroque and the development of the Rococo style
- Salvator Rosa (1615–1673), painter, etcher and poet, known for his spirited battle pieces painted in the style of Falcone, for his marines, and especially for his landscapes
- Francesco Solimena (1657–1747), painter. The leading artist of the Neapolitan Baroque during the first half of the 18th century[141]
- Massimo Stanzione (c. 1586 – c. 1656), painter. His style has a distinctive refinement and grace that has earned him the nickname "the Neapolitan Guido Reni."[142]
- Bernardo Strozzi (c. 1581 – 1644), painter
- Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770), painter. His frescoes in the Palazzo Labia and the doge's palace won him international fame
- Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (1727–1804), painter and printmaker. His most noted early works are the chinoiserie decorations of the Villa Valmarana in Vicenza (1757)
The 1800s
[edit]- Giuseppe Abbati (1836–1868), painter of the macchiaioli group
- Andrea Appiani (1754–1817), fresco painter active in Milan and a court painter of Napoleon
- Giovanni Boldini (1842–1931), painter, one of the most renowned society portraitists of his day. He worked mainly in Paris, where he settled in 1872
- Fyodor Bruni (1799–1875), painter who worked in the Academic style
- Constantino Brumidi (1805–1880), Italian-American painter, whose best-known works are his frescoes in the Capitol building, Washington, D.C.
- Vincenzo Camuccini (1771–1844), painter. His many drawings reveal a fluid technique and lively artistic imagination
- Antonio Ciseri (1821–1891), painter of religious subjects
- Giuseppe De Nittis (1846–1884), painter, mainly of landscapes and scenes of city life
- Giacomo Di Chirico (1844–1883), Neapolitan painter
- Ciro Denza (1844–1915), Neapolitan painter of landscapes and seascapes.
- Giovanni Fattori (1825–1908), painter; leading figure of the macchiaioli school
- Teresa Fioroni-Voigt (1799–1880), was a miniaturist
- Francesco Hayez (1791–1882), painter, the leading artist of Romanticism in mid-19th-century Milan. His masterpiece is The Kiss (1859)
- Cesare Maccari (1840–1919), painter and sculptor, most famous for his fresco at Palazzo Madama portraying Cicero revealing Catilina's plot (1888)
- Carlo De Notaris (1812–1888) painter, Neoclassic style.
- Romualdo Prati (1874–1930), painter, mostly known for portraits. He also worked in Brazil.
- Enrico Sartori (1831–1889), painter, mainly of genre subjects[143]
- Anatolio Scifoni (1841–1884), painter of genre paintings[144]
- Giovanni Segantini (1858–1899), painter known for his Alpine landscapes and allegorical pictures, which blended Symbolist content with the technique of Neo-Impressionism
The 1900s
[edit]- Pietro Annigoni (1910–1988), painter (and occasional sculptor), the only artist of his time to become internationally famous as a society and state portraitist[145]
- Giacomo Balla (1871–1958), painter, sculptor, stage designer, decorative artist and actor. He was one of the originators of Futurism
- Alziro Bergonzo (1906–1997), architect and painter
- Vincenzo Bianchini (1903–2000), painter, sculptor, writer, poet, doctor and philosopher
- Umberto Boccioni (1882–1916), painter, sculptor and theorist. His painting The City Rises (1910) is a dynamic composition of swirling human figures in a fragmented crowd scene
- Erma Bossi (1875–1952), German Expressionist painter
- Alberto Burri (1915–1995), painter and sculptor. He was one of the first artists to exploit the evocative force of waste materials, looking forward to Trash art in America and Arte Povera in Italy
- Aldo Carpi (1886–1973), rector of the Brera Academy and author of a collection of memoirs concerning his imprisonment in the infamous Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.
- Carlo Carrà (1881–1966), painter, known for his still lifes in the style of Metaphysical painting
- Bruno Caruso (1927–2018), painter, illustrator and political activist. He was a celebrated Italian Social Realist and member of the Italian neorealism movement.
- Nicoletta Ceccoli (born 1973), children's book illustrator
- Francesco Clemente (born 1952), painter and draftsman whose dramatic figural imagery was a major component in the revitalization of Italian art beginning in the 1980s
- Enzo Cucchi (born 1949), painter, draughtsman and sculptor. He was a key member of the Italian Transavantgarde movement
- Giorgio de Chirico (1888–1978), painter, founder of the scuola metafisica art movement
- Annalaura di Luggo
- Lazzaro Donati (1926–1977), painter. Born in Florence and attended the Academy of Fine Arts. He began to paint in 1953, and in 1955 held his first exhibition at the Indiano Gallery in Florence.
- Lucio Fontana (1899–1968), painter, sculptor and theorist, founder of Spatialism, noted for gashed monochrome paintings
- Renato Guttuso (1911–1987), painter. He was a forceful personality and Italy's leading exponent of Social realism in the 20th century
- Piero Manzoni (1933–1963), artist. He is regarded as one of the forerunners of Arte Povera and Conceptual art
- Amedeo Modigliani (1884–1920), painter and sculptor whose portraits and nudes, characterized by asymmetrical compositions, are among the most important portraits of the 20th century[146]
- Giorgio Morandi (1890–1964), painter and etcher. He is widely acknowledged as a major Italian painter of the 20th century
- Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo (1868–1907), painter. His most famous work is The Fourth Estate (1901); a symbol of the 20th
- Giovanni Pelliccioli (born 1947), surrealist painter. In 1993 he created a new form in the world of the artistic painting – the "triangle"
- Luigi Russolo (1885–1947), painter. One of the five signers of the basic 1910 "Manifesto of Futurist Painting" before switching his attention to music
- Emilio Scanavino (1922–1986), painter and sculptor. One of the most important protagonists of the Spatialist movement in Italy[147]
- Gino Severini (1883–1966), painter who synthesized the styles of Futurism and Cubism
- Mario Sironi (1885–1961), painter, sculptor, illustrator and designer. He was the leading artist of the Novecento Italiano group in the 1920s, developing a muscular, monumental figurative style
- Antonio Diego Voci (1920–1985), painter. Born in Gasperina, Calabria, Italy. Artist of a Thousand Faces. Surrealism Cubism Fauvism Realism Italian
- Sergio Zanni (born 1942), painter and sculptor
- Giulia Andreani (born 1985), painter. She works on archives and develops a history painting.
Photographers
[edit]- Severo Antonelli (1907–1995)
- Felice Beato (1834–1909)
- Anton Giulio Bragaglia (1890–1960)
- Giuseppe Incorpora (1834–1914)
- Franco Rubartelli (born 1937)
- Pietro Marubi (1834–1903)
- Tina Modotti (1896–1942)
- Francesco Romoli (born 1977)
- Ferdinando Scianna (born 1943)
- Oliviero Toscani (born 1942)
Printers
[edit]- Panfilo Castaldi (c. 1398 – c. 1490), physician and "master of the art of printing", to whom local tradition attributes the invention of moveable type
- Fortunato Bartolomeo de Felice, 2nd Conte di Panzutti (1723–1789), printer, publisher and scientist. Settled in Yverdon where he published a version of the Encyclopédie (1770–1780). Also known for his escapades across Europe with a married Countessa.
- Francesco Franceschi (c. 1530 – c. 1599), printer. Known for the high quality of his engravings, which were done using metal plates rather than wooden
- Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari (c. 1508 – 1578), bookseller, printer and editor at Venice. He was one of the first major publishers of literature in the vernacular Italian language
- Johannes Philippus de Lignamine (c. 1420–?), printer and publisher, known for his publication of Herbarium Apuleii Platonici (1481)
- Aldus Manutius (1449–1515), printer, noted for his fine editions of the classics. Inventor of the italic type (1501) and also the first to use the semicolon
- Aldus Manutius the Younger (1547–1597), printer, last member of the Italian family of Manutius to be active in the famous Aldine Press
- Giovanni Battista Pasquali (1702–1784), printer, a leading printer in 18th-century Venice
- Pietro Perna (1519–1582), printer, the leading printer of late Renaissance Basel
- Ottaviano Petrucci (1466–1539), printer. Inventor of movable metal type for printing mensural and polyphonic music
- Lawrence Torrentinus (1499–1563), typographer and printer for Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Printmakers
[edit]- Domenico Campagnola (c. 1500 – 1564), painter and printmaker and one of the first professional draftsmen
- Giulio Campagnola (c. 1482 – c. 1515), painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving[148]
- Agostino Carracci (1557–1602), painter and printmaker. He was the brother of the more famous Annibale and cousin of Lodovico Carracci
- Giovanni Francesco Cassioni (17th century), engraver in wood
- Stefano della Bella (1610–1664), printmaker noted for his engravings of military events, in the manner of Jacques Callot
- Marcantonio Raimondi (c. 1480 – c. 1534), engraver, known for being the first important printmaker. He is therefore a key figure in the rise of the reproductive print
- Mario Labacco (active 1551–67), engraver
- Bartolomeo Nerici (c. 1708 – c. 1798), engraver in copper
- Francesco Rosselli (1445–before 1513), miniature painter, and an important engraver of maps and old master prints
- Ugo da Carpi (c. 1480–between 1520 and 1532), painter and printmaker, the first Italian practitioner of the art of the chiaroscuro woodcut[149]
Saints
[edit]- Agatha of Sicily (fl. 3rd century AD), legendary Christian saint, martyred under Roman Emperor Decius. She is invoked against outbreaks of fire and is the patron saint of bell makers
- Agnes of Rome (c. 291–c. 304), legendary Christian martyr, the patron saint of girls
- Robert Bellarmine (1542–1621), theologian, cardinal, Doctor of the Church, and a principal influence in the Counter-Reformation
- Bernardine of Siena (1380–1444), preacher. He was a Franciscan of the Observant congregation and one of the most effective and most widely known preachers of his day[150]
- Charles Borromeo (1538–1584), cardinal and archbishop. He was one of the leaders of the Counter-Reformation
- John Bosco (1815–1888), Catholic priest, pioneer in educating the poor and founder of the Salesian Order
- Mother Frances Cabrini (1850–1917), religious migrated in USA. She founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, that was a major support to the Italian immigrants to the United States.
- Catherine of Siena (1347–1380), Dominican tertiary, mystic, and patron saint of Italy who played a major role in returning the papacy from Avignon to Rome (1377)
- Saint Cecilia (2nd century AD), patron saint of musicians and Church music. Venerated in both East and West, she is one of the eight women commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass
- Paula Frassinetti (1809–1892), founder of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Dorothy. Her feast day is 11 June
- Francis of Paola (1416–1507), mendicant friar. The founder of the Minims, a religious order in the Catholic Church
- Hippolytus of Rome (170–235), Christian martyr who was also the first antipope (217/218–235)
- Januarius (?–c. 305), Bishop and martyr, sometimes called Gennaro, long popular because of the liquefaction of his blood on his feast day
- Lawrence of Brindisi (1559–1619), Capuchin friar. He was one of the leading polemicists of the Counter-Reformation in Germany
- Saint Longinus (1st century AD), Roman soldier who pierced Jesus's side with a spear as he hung on the cross
- Saint Lucy (283–304), Christian martyr. She is the patroness saint of the city of Syracuse (Sicily)
- Giuseppe Moscati (1880–1927), doctor, scientific researcher, and university professor noted both for his pioneering work in biochemistry and for his piety
- Philip Neri (1515–1595), priest. The founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, a congregation of secular priests and clerics
- Nicholas of Tolentino (1246–1305), known as the Patron of Holy Souls, was an Italian saint and mystic.
- Pio of Pietrelcina (1887–1968), Capuchin priest. He is renowned among Roman Catholics as one of the Church's modern stigmatists
- Rita of Cascia (1381–1457), Augustinian nun
- Saint Rosalia (1130–1166), hermitess, greatly venerated at Palermo and in the whole of Sicily of which she in patroness
- Rose of Viterbo (1233–1251), she spent her brief life as a recluse, who was outspoken in her support of the papacy.
- Roger of Cannae (1060–1129), Bishop
- Saint Valentine (3rd century AD), according to tradition, he is the patron saint of courtship, travelers, and young people
- Saint Vitus (c. 290 – c. 303), Christian saint. He is counted as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers of the Catholic Church
- Artémides Zatti (1880–1951), Salesian and noted pharmacist that emigrated to Argentina in 1897 where became well known for his ardent faith and commitment to the sick in Patagonia.
Scientists
[edit]- Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799), linguist, mathematician and philosopher, considered to be the first woman in the Western world to have achieved a reputation in mathematics[151]
- Archimedes (288–212 BC), mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Developed the Archimedes principle and invented the Archimedes screw.
- Roberto Assagioli (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as psychosynthesis
- Gjuro Baglivi (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of pulmonary edema and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle
- Franco Basaglia (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian mental health system, the "legge 180/78" (law number 180, year 1978)
- Agostino Bassi (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a contagious disease
- Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605), naturalist, noted for his systematic and accurate observations of animals, plants and minerals
- Giuseppina Aliverti (1894–1982), geophysicist remembered for developing the Aliverti-Lovera method of measuring the radioactivity of water
- Giovanni Battista Amici (1786–1863), astronomer and microscopist. The inventor of the catadioptric microscope[152] (presented at the Arts and Industry Exhibition in Milan in 1812)
- Edoardo Amaldi (1908–1989), physicist, one of the founding fathers of European space research, led the founding of the CERN, the ESRO and later the European Space Agency (ESA)[153]
- Giovanni Arduino (1714–1795), father of Italian geology, who established bases for stratigraphic chronology by classifying the four main layers of the Earth's crust[154]
- Silvano Arieti (1914–1981), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst long recognized as a leading authority on schizophrenia
- Gaspare Aselli (c. 1581 – 1625), physician who contributed to the knowledge of the circulation of body fluids by discovering the lacteal vessels[155]
- Roberto Assagioli (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as psychosynthesis
- Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856), chemist and physicist. The founder of the molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law.
- Fabio Badilini (born 1964), pioneer in noninvasive electrocardiography.
- Gjuro Baglivi (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of pulmonary edema and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle
- Marcella Balconi (1919–1999) child neuropsychiatrist and member of the resistance during World War II. She pioneered the practice of psychoanalytic infant observation in Italy.
- Franco Basaglia (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian mental health system, the "legge 180/78" (law number 180, year 1978)
- Agostino Bassi (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a contagious disease
- Laura Bassi (1711–1778), scientist and physics professor at the University of Bologna[156]
- Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (c. 1460 – c. 1530), physician and anatomist who was the first to describe the heart valves[157]
- Giulio Bizzozero (1846–1901), anatomist. He is known as the original discoverer of Helicobacter pylori (1893)
- Enrico Bombieri (born 1940), mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1974 for his work in number theory
- Claudio Bordignon (born 1950), biologist, performed the first procedure of gene therapy using stem cells as gene vectors (1992)
- Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679), physiologist and physicist who was the first to explain muscular movement and other body functions according to the laws of statics and dynamics
- Virginia Angiola Borrino (1880–1965), physician who was the first woman to serve as head of a University Pediatric Ward in Italy[158][159]
- Giacomo Bresadola (1847–1929), clergyman and a prolific and influential mycologist
- Francesco Brioschi (1824–1897), mathematician, known for his contributions to the theory of algebraic equations and to the applications of mathematics to hydraulics
- Giuseppe Brotzu (1895–1976), physician, famous for having discovered the cephalosporin (1948)
- Tito Livio Burattini (1617–1681), mathematician, in his book Misura Universale, published in 1675, first suggested the name meter as the name for a unit of length
- Nicola Cabibbo (1935–2010), physicist who reconciled these strange-particle decays with the universality of weak interactions
- Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani (1725–1813), anatomist and physiologist. He is noted for his experimental studies on the function of the spinal cord
- Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti (1853–1922), physicist, invented a tube filled with iron filings, called a "coherer" (1884)
- Tommaso Campailla (1668–1740), physician, philosopher and poet, inventor of "vapour stovens" that he used to fight syphilis rheumatism
- Giuseppe Campani (1635–1715), optician and astronomer who invented a lens-grinding lathe[160]
- Stanislao Cannizzaro (1826–1910), chemist, in 1858 put an end to confusion over values to be attributed to atomic weights, using Avogadro's hypothesis
- Federico Capasso (born 1949), physicist, one of the inventors of the quantum cascade laser (QCL) in 1994
- Mario Capecchi (born 1937), molecular geneticist, famous for having contribution to development of "knockout mice" (1989)
- Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576), mathematician and physician; initiated the general theory of cubic and quartic equations. He emphasized the need for both negative and complex numbers
- Antonio Cardarelli (1831–1926), physician remembered for describing Cardarelli's sign
- Antonio Carini (1872–1950), physician and bacteriologist who discovered Pneumocystis carinii, which is responsible for recurrent pneumonia in patients with AIDS
- Francesco Carlini (1783–1862), astronomer. Worked in the field of celestial mechanics, improved the theory of the motion of the Moon
- Giovanni Caselli (1815–1891), physicist, inventor of the pantelegraph (1861)
- Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), mathematician, astronomer, engineer and astrologer who was the first to observe four of Saturn's moons
- Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598–1647), mathematician. He invented the method of indivisibles (1635) that foreshadowed integral calculus
- Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (1922–2018), population geneticist, currently teaching since 1970 as emeritus professor at Stanford University. One of the most important geneticists of the 20th century
- Andrea Cavalleri (born 1969), physicist who specializes in optical science. Founder of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter. Professor at the University of Oxford. In 2018 was awarded with the Frank Isakson Prize
- Tiberius Cavallo (1749–1809), physicist and natural philosopher who wrote on the early experiments with electricity. He was known contemporaneously as the inventor of Cavallo's multiplier
- Ugo Cerletti (1877–1963), neurologist, co-inventor with Lucio Bini, of the method of electroconvulsive therapy in psychiatry
- Vincenzo Cerulli (1859–1927), astronomer. The author of the idea that the canali are just a special kind of optical illusion
- Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), physician, philosopher and botanist, produced the first scientific classification of plants and animals by genera and species
- Ernesto Cesàro (1859–1906), mathematician. In 1880 he developed methods of finding the sum of divergent series. Cesàro made important contributions to intrinsic geometry
- Giacinto Cestoni (1637–1718), naturalist, studied fleas and algae, and showed that scabies is provoked by Sarcoptes scabiei (1689)
- Vincenzo Chiarugi (1759–1820), physician who introduced humanitarian reforms to the psychiatric hospital care of people with mental disorders
- Agostino Codazzi (1793–1859), soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer
- Realdo Colombo (c. 1516–1559), one of the first anatomists in the Western world to describe pulmonary circulation
- Orso Mario Corbino (1876–1937), physicist and politician, discovered modulation calorimetry and Corbino effect, a variant of the Hall effect
- Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti (1822–1876), anatomist, known for his discoveries on the anatomical structure of the ear
- Domenico Cotugno (1736–1822), physician. He discovered albuminuria (about a half century before Richard Bright) and was also one of the first scientists to identify urea in human urine
- Leon Croizat (1894–1982), scholar and botanist who developed an orthogenetic synthesis of evolution of biological form over space, in time, which he called panbiogeography
- Alessandro Cruto (1847–1908), inventor who improved on Thomas Alva Edison incandescent light bulb with carbon filament (1881)
- Lea Del Bo Rossi (1903–1978), medical researcher who found a staining method based on a Coz-silver impregnation technique
- Alessio Fasano, gastroenterologist and researcher at Harvard Medical School. Director of the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment at MassGeneral Hospital for Children.
- Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985), probabilist, statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of probability
- Annibale de Gasparis (1819–1892), astronomer, his first asteroid discovery was 10 Hygiea in 1849. Between 1850 and 1865, he discovered eight more asteroids
- Ennio De Giorgi (1928–1996), mathematician. He brilliantly resolved the 19th Hilbert problem. Today, this contribution is known as the De Giorgi-Nash Theorem
- Mondino de Liuzzi (c. 1270 – 1326), physician and anatomist whose Anathomia corporis humani (MS. 1316; first printed in 1478) was the first modern work on anatomy
- Francesco de Vico (1805–1848), astronomer. He discovered a number of comets, including periodic comets 54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT and 122P/de Vico
- Giambattista della Porta (c. 1535 – 1615), scholar and polymath, known for his work Magia Naturalis (1558), which dealt with alchemy, magic, and natural philosophy
- Ulisse Dini (1845–1918), mathematician and politician whose most important work was on the theory of functions of real variables
- Eustachio Divini (1610–1685), physician and astronomer; maker of clocks and lenses (1646), innovative compound microscope (1648)
- Giovanni Battista Donati (1826–1873), astronomer. He becomes one of the first to systematically adapt the new science of spectroscopy to astronomy
- Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio (1330–1388), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, son of Jacopo Dondi, builder of the Astrarium
- Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio (1293–1359), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, father of Giovanni
- Angelo Dubini (1813–1902), physician who identified Ancylostoma duodenale (1838)
- Girolamo Segato (1792–1836), Egyptologist and anatomist, best known for his unique work in the petrifaction of human cadavers.
- Renato Dulbecco (1914–2012), virologist, known for his brilliant work with two viruses that can transform animal cells into a cancer-like state in the test tube
- Federigo Enriques (1871–1946), mathematician, known principally as the first to give a classification of algebraic surfaces in birational geometry
- Paolo Enriques (1878–1932), zoologist of Padua University.
- Vittorio Erspamer (1909–1999), pharmacologist and chemist, famous for having discovered the serotonin (1935) and octopamine (1948)
- Bartolomeo Eustachi (1500 or 1514–1574), anatomist. He described many structures in the human body, including the Eustachian tube of the ear
- Francesco Faà di Bruno (1825–1888), mathematician, known for the Faà di Bruno formula (1855, 1857)
- Hieronymus Fabricius (1537–1619), anatomist and surgeon, called the founder of modern embryology
- Gabriele Falloppio (1523–1562), anatomist and physician. His important discoveries include the fallopian tubes, leading from uterus to ovaries
- Enrico Fermi (1901–1954), physicist, constructed the world's first nuclear reactor (1942), initiated the atomic age
- Lodovico Ferrari (1522–1565), mathematician, famous for having discovered the solution of the general quartic equation
- Galileo Ferraris (1847–1897), physicist and electrical engineer, noted for the discovery of the rotating magnetic field, basic working principle of the induction motor
- Amarro Fiamberti (10 September 1894 – 1970), psychiatrist who first performed a transorbital lobotomy (by accessing the frontal lobe of the brain through the orbits) in 1937
- Leonardo Fibonacci (c. 1170 – c. 1250), mathematician, eponym of the Fibonacci number sequence. He is considered to be the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages.[161]
- Quirico Filopanti (1812–1894), mathematician and politician. In his book Miranda! (1858), he was the first to propose universal time and worldwide standard time zones 21 years before Sandford Fleming
- Giovanni Fontana (1395–1455), physician and engineer
- Carlo Forlanini (1847–1918), physician, inventor of artificial pneumothorax (1882) for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
- Carlo Fornasini (1854–1931), micropalaeontologist who studied Foraminifera
- Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553), physician and scholar, the first to state the germ theory of infection and is regarded as the founder of scientific epidemiology
- Guido Fubini (1879–1943), mathematician, eponym of Fubini's theorem in measure theory
- Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), physicist and astronomer. The founder of modern science who accurately described heliocentric Solar System[162]
- Luigi Galvani (1737–1798), physician and physicist, noted for his discovery of animal electricity
- Agostino Gemelli (1878–1959), physician, psychologist, and priest, founder of a university and eponym of the Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic
- Luca Ghini (1490–1556), physician and botanist, best known as the creator of the first recorded herbarium and founder of the world's first botanical garden[163]
- Riccardo Giacconi (1931–2018), astrophysicist, called the father of X-ray astronomy
- Clelia Giacobini (1931–2010), microbiologist, a pioneer of microbiology applied to conservation-restoration
- Corrado Gini (1884–1965), statistician, demographer and sociologist, developer of Gini coefficient
- Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), histologist noted for work on the structure of the nervous system and for his discovery of Golgi apparatus (1897)
- Luigi Guido Grandi (1671–1742), philosopher, mathematician and engineer, known for studying the rose curve, a curve which has the shape of a petalled flower, and for Grandi's series
- Giovanni Battista Grassi (1854–1925), zoologist who discovered that mosquitoes were responsible for transmitting malaria between humans
- Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663), physicist and mathematician, noted for his discoveries in the field of optics, he was the first to describe the diffraction of light
- Nicola Guarino (born 1954), scientist, co-inventor with Chris Welty, of the OntoClean, the first methodology for formal ontological analysis
- Guido da Vigevano (c. 1280 – c. 1349), physician and inventor who became one of the first writers to include illustrations in a work on anatomy[164]
- Giovanni Battista Hodierna (1597–1660), astronomer. He was one of the first to create a catalog of celestial objects with a telescope
- Arturo Issel (1842–1922), geologist, palaeontologist, malacologist and archaeologist. He is noted for first defining the Tyrrhenian Stage (1914)
- Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736–1813), Italian-French who made major contributions to mathematics, astronomics and physics
- Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654–1720), clinician and anatomist who is considered the first modern hygienist[165]
- Pio Lava Boccardo (1902–1971), zootechnician and wildlife breeder migrated in Venezuela
- Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012), neurologist, famous for having discovered the nerve growth factor (NGF)
- Aloysius Lilius (c. 1510 – 1576), astronomer and physician. The principal author of the Gregorian Calendar (1582)
- Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), criminologist, phrenologist, physician, and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology
- Salvador Luria (1912–1991), microbiologist. He shared a 1969 Nobel Prize for investigating the mechanism of viral infection in living cells
- Giovanni Antonio Magini (1555–1617), astronomer, astrologer, cartographer and mathematician, known for his reduced size edition of Ptolemy's Geographiae (1596)
- Ettore Majorana (1906–1938), theoretical physicist. He is noted for the eponymous Majorana equation
- Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), physician and biologist. He is regarded as the founder of microscopic anatomy and may be regarded as the first histologist[166]
- Massimo Marchiori (?–?), computer scientist who made major contributions to the development of the World Wide Web. He was also the creator of HyperSearch
- Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937), physicist, credited as the inventor of radio, often called the father of wireless communication and technology (1896)[167]
- Philip Mazzei (1730–1816), physician, merchant and author, ardent supporter of the American Revolution, and correspondent of Thomas Jefferson
- Fulvio Melia (born 1956), writer and astrophysicist; author of Electrodynamics (2001), The Edge of Infinity. Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe (2003), and High-Energy Astrophysics (2009)
- Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854), physicist, demonstrated that radiant heat has similar physical properties to those of light
- Giuseppe Mercalli (1850–1914), volcanologist and seismologist, inventor of the Mercalli intensity scale (1902)
- Franco Modigliani (1918–2003), economist and educator who received the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1985 for his work on household savings and the dynamics of financial markets
- Geminiano Montanari (1633–1687), astronomer. Today, it is better known for his discovery of the variability of the star Algol (c. 1667)
- Maria Montessori (1870–1952), physician and educator. The innovative educational method that bears her name (1907) is now spread in 22,000 schools in at least 110 countries worldwide[168]
- Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682–1771), anatomist, called the founder of pathologic anatomy
- Angelo Mosso (1846–1910), physiologist who created the first crude neuroimaging technique
- Giulio Natta (1903–1979), chemist, famous for having discovered isotactic polypropylene (1954) and polymers (1957). He won a Nobel Prize in 1963 with Karl Ziegler for work on catalisys of high polymers.
- Adelchi Negri (1876–1912), pathologist and microbiologist who identified what later became known as Negri bodies (1903) in the brains of animals and humans infected with the rabies virus
- Leopoldo Nobili (1784–1835), physicist, designed the first precision instrument for measuring electric current (1825)
- Giuseppe Occhialini (1907–1993), physicist, contributed to the discovery of the pion or pi-meson decay in 1947, with César Lattes and Cecil Frank Powell
- Barnaba Oriani (1752–1832), astronomer. Great scholar of orbital theories
- Filippo Pacini (1812–1883), anatomist who isolated the Vibrio cholerae (1854); the bacteria that causes cholera
- Antonio Pacinotti (1841–1912), physicist, inventor of the dynamo (1858) and electric motor (1858)
- Luca Pacioli (1446/7–1517), mathematician and founder of accounting. He popularized the system of double bookkeeping for keeping financial records and is often known as the father of modern accounting
- Ferdinando Palasciano (1815–1891), physician and politician, considered one of the forerunners of the foundation of the Red Cross
- Luigi Palmieri (1807–1896), physicist and meteorologist, inventor of the mercury seismometer
- Pier Paolo Pandolfi (born 1963), geneticist, discovered the genes underlying acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL)[169]
- Enzo Paoletti (1943–2018), virologist who developed the technology to express foreign antigens in vaccinia and other poxviruses.
- Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923), engineer, sociologist, economist, and philosopher, eponym of Pareto distribution, Pareto efficiency, Pareto index and Pareto principle
- Giorgio Parisi (born 1948), theoretical physicist, called the father of the modern field of chaos theory
- Emanuele Paternò (1847–1935), chemist, discoverer of the Paternò–Büchi reaction (1909)
- Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932), mathematician and a founder of symbolic logic whose interests centred on the foundations of mathematics and on the development of a formal logical language
- Gaetano Perusini (1879–1915), physician, remembered for his contribution to the description of Alzheimer's
- Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1826), mathematician and astronomer who discovered (1 January 1801) and named the first asteroid, or "minor planet", Ceres
- Raffaele Piria (1814–1865), chemist. The first to successfully synthesize salicylic acid (1839);[170] the active ingredient in aspirin
- Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (1781–1864), astronomer and mathematician. The founder of the Observatory of Turin
- Giulio Racah (1909–1965), Italian-Israeli mathematician and physicist; Acting President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Antonio Raimondi (1826–1890), geographer and scientist
- Franco Rasetti (1901–2001), physicist, paleontologist and botanist. Together with Enrico Fermi, he discovered key processes leading to nuclear fission but refused to work on the Manhattan Project on moral grounds
- Bernardino Ramazzini (1633–1714), physician, considered a founder of occupational medicine[171]
- Francesco Redi (1626–1697), physician who demonstrated that the presence of maggots in putrefying meat does not result from spontaneous generation but from eggs laid on the meat by flies
- Jacopo Riccati (1676–1754), mathematician, known in connection with his problem, called Riccati's equation, published in the Acla eruditorum (1724)[172]
- Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), missionary to China, mathematician, linguist and published the first Chinese edition of Euclid's Elements
- Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro (1853–1925), mathematician, inventor of tensor analysis collaborator with Tullio Levi-Civita
- Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598–1671), astronomer, devised the system for the nomenclature of lunar features that is now the international standard
- Augusto Righi (1850–1920), physicist who played an important role in the development of electromagnetism
- Scipione Riva-Rocci (1863–1937), internist and pediatrician. The inventor of the first mercury sphygmomanometer
- Rogerius (before 1140–c. 1195), surgeon who wrote a work on medicine entitled Practica Chirurgiae ("The Practice of Surgery") around 1180
- Gian Domenico Romagnosi (1761–1835), philosopher, economist and jurist, famous for having discovered the same link between electricity and magnetism
- Bruno Rossi (1905–1993), experimental physicist. An authority on cosmic rays[173]
- Carlo Rubbia (born 1934), physicist who in 1984 shared with Simon van der Meer the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of the massive, short-lived subatomic W particle and Z particle
- Paolo Ruffini (1765–1822), mathematician and physician who made studies of equations that anticipated the algebraic theory of groups
- Nazareno Strampelli (1866–1942), geneticist and agronomist, whose innovative scientific work in wheat breeding 30 years earlier than Borlaug laid the foundations for the Green Revolution[174]
- Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri (1667–1733), philosopher and mathematician who did early work on non-Euclidean geometry, although he didn't see it as such
- Sanctorius (1561–1636), physiologist and physician. He laid the foundation for the study of metabolism
- Henry Salvatori (1901–1997), geophysicist founder of Western Geophysical an international oil exploration company for the purpose of using reflection seismology to explore petroleum.
- Antonio Scarpa (1752–1832), anatomist, famous for the anatomical eponyms Scarpa triangle and Scarpa ganglion of the ear
- Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835–1910), astronomer and science historian who first observed lines on the surface of Mars, which he described as canals
- Angelo Secchi (1818–1878), astronomer. He is known especially for his work in spectroscopy and was a pioneer in classifying stars by their spectra
- Emilio Segrè (1905–1989), physicist, known for his discovery of the antiproton
- Francesco Selmi (1817–1881), chemist. One of the founders of colloid chemistry
- Enrico Sertoli (1842–1910), physiologist and histologist. The discoverer of the cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testis that bear his name (1865)
- Ascanio Sobrero (1812–1888), chemist, famous for having discovered the synthesis of nitroglycerine (1846)
- Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799), biologist and physiologist, called the father of artificial insemination (done at Pavia in 1784)
- Francesco Stelluti (1577–1652), polymath who worked in the fields of mathematics, microscopy, literature and astronomy; in 1625 he published the first accounts of microscopic observation
- Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1546–1599), plastic surgeon. He is considered a pioneer in the field; called the father of plastic surgery
- Niccolòa Tartaglia (1499–1557), mathematician who originated the science of ballistics[175]
- Fabiola Terzi (born 1961), physician-scientist, known for her research on chronic kidney disease
- Vincenzo Tiberio (1869–1915), physician and researcher. He was one of many scientists to notice the antibacterial power of some types of mold before Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin[176]
- Laura Bassi (1711–1778), scientist who was the first woman to become a physics professor at a European university
- Giuseppe Toaldo (1719–1797), physicist, gave special attention to the study of atmospheric electricity and to the means of protecting buildings against lightning
- Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), physicist and mathematician, inventor of the barometer (1643)
- Trotula (11th–12th centuries), physician who wrote several influential works on women's medicine; whose texts on gynecology and obstetrics were widely used for several hundred years in Europe
- Pellegrino Turri (1765–1828), built the first typewriter proven to have worked in 1808. He also invented carbon paper (1806)
- Carlo Urbani (1956–2003), physician. The first person to discover severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 1998
- Antonio Vallisneri (1661–1730), physician and naturalist who made numerous experiments in entomology and human organology, and combated the doctrine of spontaneous generation
- Antonio Maria Valsalva (1666–1723), professor of anatomy at Bologna. He described several anatomical features of the ear in his book, De aure humana tractatus (1704)
- Costanzo Varolio (1543–1575), remembered for his studies on the anatomy of the brain, and his description of the pons that bears his name
- Gabriele Veneziano (born 1942), theoretical physicist and a founder of string theory
- Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746–1822), physicist. He was the discoverer and eponym of Venturi effect
- Emilio Veratti (1872–1967), anatomist who described the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), electricity pioneer, eponym of the volt, inventor of the electric battery (1800)[177]
- Vito Volterra (1860–1940), mathematician and physicist who strongly influenced the modern development of calculus
- Giuseppe Zamboni (1776–1846), physicist who invented the Zamboni pile (1812); a model of dry battery
- Francesco Zantedeschi (1797–1873), physicist who published papers (1829, 1830) on the production of electric currents in closed circuits by the approach and withdrawal of a magnet
- Antonino Zichichi (born 1929), nuclear physicist
- Niccolò Zucchi (1586–1670), astronomer and physicist. May have been the first to observe belts on the planet Jupiter with a telescope (on 17 May 1630), also claimed to have explored the idea of a reflecting telescope in 1616, predating Galileo Galilei and Giovanni Francesco Sagredo's discussions of the same idea a few years later.[178]
- Giovanni Battista Zupi (c. 1590 – 1650), astronomer and mathematician. The first person to discover that the planet Mercury had orbital phases
Sculptors
[edit]- Agostino di Duccio (1418 – c. 1481), sculptor whose work is characterized by its linear decorativeness
- Giovanni Antonio Amadeo (c. 1447 – 1522), sculptor, architect and engineer; he took part in the sculpture of the great octagonal dome of Milan Cathedral
- Bartolomeo Ammanati (1511–1592), sculptor and architect; his works, the two members of the del Monte family and the Fountains of Juno and Neptune, are generally considered his masterpieces
- Benedetto Antelami (c. 1150 – c. 1230), sculptor and architect. He is credited with the sculptural decorations of Fidenza Cathedral and Ferrara Cathedral
- Andrea di Alessandro 16th century, sculptor; responsible for the bronze candelabra in the Santa Maria della Salute church.
- Arnolfo di Cambio (c. 1240 – 1300–1310), sculptor and architect; his sculptures have a strong sense of volume that shows the influence on him of antique Roman models
- Giannino Castiglioni (1884–1971), sculptor who worked mostly in monumental and funerary sculpture (father of Achille, Livio, and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni)
- Bartolommeo Bandinelli (1493–1560), sculptor and painter; his most famous and conspicuous sculpture is Hercules and Cacus (1527–34), a pendant to Michelangelo's David
- Renato Barisani (1918–2011), sculptor and painter
- Lorenzo Bartolini (1777–1850), sculptor; his most imposing creation is the Nicola Demidoff monument in Florence
- Benedetto da Maiano (1442–1497), sculptor and architect; whose work is characterized by its decorative elegance and realistic detail[179]
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), sculptor and architect during the Baroque period; works include Apollo and Daphne (1622–25) and Ecstasy of Saint Theresa (1647–1652)
- Umberto Boccioni (1882–1916), painter and sculptor. The leading theorist of futurist art; his sculpture, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913) is generally considered his masterpiece
- Antonio Canova (1757–1822), sculptor. Leading exponent of the neoclassical school; works include Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss (1787–93, 1800–03)
- Benvenuto Cellini (1500–1571), goldsmith, medallist, sculptor and writer. He was one of the foremost Italian Mannerist artists of the 16th century[180]
- Vincenzo Danti (1530–1576), sculptor, architect, and writer, born in Perugia and active mainly in Florence
- Andrea della Robbia (1435–1525), sculptor; known for Crucifixion and the Assumption of the Virgin at La Verna
- Desiderio da Settignano (c. 1430 – 1464), sculptor; his delicate, sensitive, original technique was best expressed in portrait busts of women and children
- Donatello (c. 1386 – 1466), sculptor, pioneer of the Renaissance style of natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David (c. 1440)
- Giovanni Battista Foggini (1652–1725), sculptor and architect; the foremost Florentine sculptor of the late Baroque period
- Domenico Gagini (1420–1492), sculptor. Although he worked at times in Florence and Rome, he is known for his activity in northern Italy
- Silvio Gazzaniga (1921–2016), sculptor. His major works includes FIFA World Cup Trophy, UEFA Europa League trophy and UEFA Supercup trophy
- Vincenzo Gemito (1852–1929), Italian sculptor, draughtsmen
- Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378–1455), sculptor, goldsmith and designer active in Florence
- Giambologna (1529–1608), sculptor in the mannerist style; works include Fountain of Neptune (1563–67) and The Rape of the Sabine Women (1574–80)
- Jacopo della Quercia (c. 1374 – 1438), sculptor; he is especially noted for his imposing allegorical figures for the Gaia Fountain in Siena
- Cesare Lapini (1848 – after 1890), sculptor; noted for both small marbles and larger work
- Francesco Laurana (c. 1430 – 1502), sculptor; known for his portrait busts of women, characterized by serene, detached dignity and aristocratic elegance[181]
- Leone Leoni (1509–1590), sculptor and medalist; his most important works were kneeling bronze figures of Charles V and Philip II, with their families, for the sanctuary in the Escorial[182]
- Tullio Lombardo (1460–1532), sculptor; he is noted for the mausoleum of Doge Pietro Mocenigo in Santi Giovanni e Paolo and for other tombs, including that of Dante at Ravenna
- Stefano Maderno (c. 1576 – 1636), sculptor. He was one of the leading sculptors in Rome during the papacy of Paul V (1605–1621)[183]
- Giacomo Manzù (1908–1991), sculptor; known for his relief sculptures, which give contemporary dimensions to Christian themes
- Marino Marini (1901–1980), sculptor; known for his many vigorous sculptures of horses and horsemen (e.g., Horse and Rider, 1952–53)
- Arturo Martini (1889–1947), sculptor who was active between the World Wars. He is known for figurative sculptures executed in a wide variety of styles and materials
- Luigi Melchiorre (1859-After 1908), sculptor
- Michelangelo (1475–1564), sculptor and painter; one of the most famous artists in history; creations include Pietà (1499) and David (1504)
- Mino da Fiesole (c. 1429 – 1484), sculptor; he is noted for his portrait busts
- Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli (c. 1506 – 1563), sculptor of the Michelangelesque school, and seems to have acted as assistant to Michelangelo
- Nanni di Banco (c. 1384 – 1421), sculptor; the classically influenced Four Crowned Martyrs (c. 1415) is considered his masterpiece
- Niccolò dell'Arca (c. 1435/1440–1494), sculptor. The Ragusa, Bari, and Apulia variants of his name suggest that he might have come from southern Italy
- Constantino Pandiani (1837–1922), marble and bronze sculptor
- Luigi Pasquarelli (1832–1889), marble sculptor
- Salesio Pegrassi (1812–1879), sculptor of funereal monuments, statuettes and decorative work
- Salvatore Pisani (1859–1920), sculptor of stucco, bronze and terracotta
- Andrea Pisano (1290–1348), sculptor; his most important work, the first bronze doors of the Baptistery in Florence, was begun in 1330
- Giovanni Pisano (c. 1250 – c. 1315), sculptor, painter and architect; his most famous work is the Pulpit of St. Andrew (1301)
- Nicola Pisano (1220/1225–1284), sometimes considered to be the founder of modern sculpture
- Arnaldo Pomodoro (born 1926), sculptor; one of the most famous contemporary artists
- Egidio Pozzi (19th to 20th Century), sculptor of portraits, monuments, statues
- Guglielmo Pugi (1850–1915), sculptor based in Florence who was represented at international world's fairs
- Luca della Robbia (1399/1400–1482), sculptor, the most famous member of a family of artists. Two of his famous works are The Nativity (c. 1460) and Madonna and Child (c. 1475)
- Bernardo Rossellino (1409–1464), sculptor and architect. He was among the most distinguished Florentine marble sculptors in the second half of the 15th century
- Giuseppe Sanmartino (1720–1793), sculptor; his masterpiece in this genre is the four Virtues of Charles of Bourbon (1763–4)
- Andrea Sansovino (c. 1467 – 1529), sculptor; his statues and reliefs for church decoration, such as the Virgin and Child with St. Anne (1512) at San Agostino, were greatly admired
- Adamo Tadolini (1788–1863), sculptor of the Neoclassic style
- Pietro Tenerani (1789–1869), sculptor of the Neoclassic style
- Secondo Tizzoni (1916–2001), sculptor
- Pietro Torrigiano (1472–1528), sculptor; his gilt bronze masterpiece, the tomb of King Henry VII and his queen, is preserved in Westminster Abbey
- Vecchietta (1410–1480), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, architect and military engineer. One of the most influential artists of the early Renaissance
- Alessandro Vittoria (1525–1608), sculptor. He was celebrated for his portrait busts and decorative work, much of which was created for the restoration of the Doge's Palace
- Vittorio Santoro (born 1962), Italian/Swiss artist working in sculptures, installations, audio works, works on paper, real-time activities and artist books.
- Jafet Torelli (d. 1898) sculptor and ceramicist.
- Luigi Tosti (1845–), sculptor[184]
Sport people
[edit]- Giacomo Agostini (born 1942), motorcycle racer
- Fabian Aichner (born 1990), professional wrestler
- Mario Andretti (born 1940), four-time IndyCar and F1 world champion; one of only two drivers to win races in F1, IndyCar, World Sportscar Championship and NASCAR; His record includes 109 career wins on major circuits.
- Alberto Ascari (1918–1955), automobile racing driver; world champion driver in 1952 and 1953
- Charles Atlas (1892–1972), bodybuilder best remembered as the developer of a bodybuilding method
- Walter Avarelli (1912–1987), bridge player, a member of the famous Blue Team, with whom he won nine Bermuda Bowls and three World Team Olympiads from 1956 to 1972.
- Roberto Baggio (born 1967), footballer, Italy's all time FIFA World Cup top scorer, former winner of Ballon d’Or and FIFA World Player of the Year (1993)
- Stefano Baldini (born 1971), retired runner
- Jacques Balmat (1762–1834), mountaineer, called Le Mont Blanc, often regarded as the "Father of Alpinism"; Together with Michel-Gabriel Paccard, he completed the first ever ascent of Mont Blanc (1786)
- Marco Belinelli (born 1986), NBA player for the San Antonio Spurs
- Mario Balotelli (born 1990), footballer; 2010 European Golden Boy and Euro 2012 co-leading scorer
- Franco Baresi (born 1960), former footballer
- Andrea Bargnani (born 1985), basketball player with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association
- Gino Bartali (1914–2000), cyclist, won the Giro d'Italia twice (in 1936 and 1937) and the Tour de France in 1938
- Stefania Belmondo (born 1969), 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing
- Nino Benvenuti (born 1938), former boxer
- Giuseppe Bergomi (born 1963), former professional footballer
- Anton Bernard (born 1989), professional ice hockey
- Lorenzo Bernardi (born 1968), volleyball player; Elected by the FIVB "Volleyball Player of the Century" in 2001
- Matteo Berrettini (born 1996), tennis player
- Livio Berruti (born 1939), sprinter, was the 1960 Rome Olympic 200 meter champion
- Paolo Bettini (born 1974), road racing cyclist
- Nino Bibbia (1922–2013), one of skeleton's great, Italy's first Winter Olympic gold medalist. In his illustrious career, he earned 231 golds, 97 silvers, and 84 bronzes; The World's most prestigious race is named after him
- Pierluigi Bini, rock climber
- Leonardo Bonucci (born 1987), footballer.
- Scipione Borghese (1871–1927), aristocrat, industrialist, politician, explorer, mountain climber and racing driver winner of the Peking to Paris race in 1907
- Gianluigi Buffon (born 1978), footballer; goalkeeper.
- Salvatore Burruni (1933–2004), flyweight and bantamweight boxer
- Tony Cairoli (born 1985), eight-time Grand Prix motocross world champion; record of 144 races wins and 72 Grand Prix wins make him the second most successful in motocross history
- Giuseppe Campari (1892–1933), Grand Prix motor racing driver
- Roberto Cammarelle (born 1980), former boxer
- Fabio Cannavaro (born 1973), footballer; centre back; won the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 2006.
- Primo Carnera (1906–1967), heavyweight boxing champion of the world
- Jury Chechi (born 1969), gymnast, nicknamed "The Lord of the Rings"; first athlete in the sport to win five consecutive world championships gold medals in the same event
- Pierluigi Collina (born 1960), football referee
- Deborah Compagnoni (born 1970), alpine skier, won three gold medals at the 1992, 1994 and 1998 Winter Olympics
- Adolfo Consolini (1917–1969), discus thrower. He win the gold medal in London 1948 he set an Olympic record at 52.78 m.
- Fausto Coppi (1919–1960), cyclist; successes earned him the title Il Campionissimo, or champion of champions
- Umberto De Morpurgo (1896–1961), tennis player, highest world ranking # 8, Olympic bronze (singles)
- Alessandro Del Piero (born 1974), footballer.
- Frankie Dettori (born 1970), jockey.
- Klaus Dibiasi (born 1947), diver, the only Olympic diver to have won three successive gold medals and the only one to win medals at four Summer Olympics.
- Alessio Di Chirico (born 1989), mixed martial arts fighter
- Daniela Esposito, bowler
- Giuseppe Farina (1906–1966), racing driver; first Formula One World Champion
- Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988), race car driver and entrepreneur, founder of the Scuderia Ferrari Grand Prix motor racing team
- Domenico Fioravanti (born 1977), retired swimmer
- Roland Fischnaller (born 1980), snowboarder
- Giancarlo Fisichella (born 1973), former Formula One driver
- Fabio Fognini (born 1987), professional tennis player
- Danilo Gallinari (born 1988), No.6 pick in the 2008 NBA draft, NBA player for Oklahoma City Thunder
- Maurice Garin (1871–1957), first giant of Italian cycling, known for winning the inaugural Tour de France in 1903
- Andrea Giani (born 1970), coach and retired volleyball player
- Camila Giorgi (born 1991), tennis player
- Antonio Giovinazzi (born 1993), racing driver currently competing for Alfa Romeo Racing in Formula One
- Paul Hildgartner (born 1952), luger
- Josefa Idem (born 1964), one of sprint canoeing's legends, winner of 38 international medals among Olympic Games, World and European Championships; Her eight Olympic appearances is a female record
- Christof Innerhofer (born 1984), alpine skier, won the men's Super-G at the world Alpine championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Vitantonio Liuzzi (born 1980), former Formula One driver
- Duilio Loi (1929–2008), boxer
- Paolo Maldini (born 1968), footballer; centre back.
- Edoardo Mangiarotti (1919–2012), won more Olympic titles and World championships than any other fencer in history
- Antonio Maspes(1932–2000), sprinter cyclist
- Sandro Mazzola(born 1942), footballer
- Giuseppe Meazza (1910–1979), footballer
- Dino Meneghin (born 1950), basketball player
- Pietro Mennea (1952–2013), sprinter and politician; was the 1980 Moscow Olympic 200 meter champion, and also held the 200 m world record for 17 years
- Reinhold Messner (born 1944), mountaineer and explorer
- Stefano Modena (born 1963), racing driver from Italy, FIA European Formula Three Cup champion in 1986 and International Formula 3000 champion in 1987; participated in 81 Formula One Grands Prix during the years 1987–1992
- Francesco Molinari (born 1982), professional golfer
- Eugenio Monti (1928–2003), bobsledder, most successful athlete in the history of bobsled with 9 World championship gold medals and 6 Olympic medals, and first ever to receive the Pierre de Coubertin medal
- Uberto De Morpurgo (1896–1961), Austrian-born Italian tennis player
- Francesco Moser (born 1951), road bicycle racer
- Sandro Munari (born in 1940), race car driver strongly associated with rally icon Lancia Stratos HF won a further Monte Carlo Rally hat-trick in the 1970s, among a total of seven World Rally Championship victories.
- Carlton Myers (born 1971), basketball player
- Nedo Nadi (1894–1940), fencer; only one to win a gold medal in each of the three weapons at a single Olympic Games
- Gastone Nencini (1930– 1980), road racing cyclist who won the 1960 Tour de France and the 1957 Giro d'Italia
- Alessandro Nesta (born 1976), footballer; defender
- Vincenzo Nibali (born 1984), professional road bicycle racer
- Tazio Nuvolari (1892–1953), motorcycle and racecar driver
- Patrizio Oliva (born 1959), former boxer
- Marco Pantani (1970–2004), cyclist, won both the Tour de France, cycling's premier road race, and the Giro d'Italia in 1998
- Dominik Paris (born 1989), alpine skier
- Sergio Parisse (born 1983), rugby union player
- Riccardo Patrese (born 1954), former Formula One driver
- Umberto Pelizzari (born 1965), free diver
- Felix Peselj (born 1990), World Cup Nordic combined skier
- Giorgio Petrosyan (born 1985), kickboxer
- Silvio Piola (1913–1996), footballer who played as a striker
- Andrea Pirlo (born 1979), footballer
- Gianmarco Pozzecco (born 1972), basketball player, an all-around offensive talent; won, for seven years, the ranking for the top assist men in the Italian League
- Gaetano Poziello (born 1975), footballer
- Gigi Riva (born 1944), footballer considered to be one of the best players of his generation, as well as one of the greatest strikers of all time
- Gianni Rivera (born 1943), former footballer
- Costantino Rocca (born 1956), most successful male golfer that Italy has produced
- Antonio Rossi (born 1968), sprint canoer who has competed since the early 1990s
- Paolo Rossi (1956–2020), footballer; is listed among Pelé's 125 all-time greatest footballers
- Valentino Rossi (born 1979), motorcycle racer; one of the most successful motorcycle racers of all time
- Clemente Russo (born 1982), boxer
- Sergio Sabatino (born 1988), professional footballer
- Alessio Sakara (born 1981), mixed martial arts fighter
- Alex Schwazer (born 1984), race walker
- Sara Simeoni (born 1953), high jumper; won a gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics and twice set a world record in the women's high jump
- Jannik Sinner (born 2001), tennis player
- Giovanni Siorpaes (1869–1909), mountaineer
- Santo Siorpaes (1832–1900), mountaineer
- Virginia Tacci (born 1566 or 1567), jockey in Siena
- Limbergo Taccola (1928–2003), footballer
- Francesco Tagliani (1914–?), footballer
- Marco Tardelli (born 1954), former football player and manager
- Federico Tesio (1869–1954), breeder of Thoroughbreds for horse racing. He has been called "the only genius ever to operate in the breeding world"
- Gustavo Thoeni (born 1951), skier; His record of four overall World Cup titles in five years are exceeded only by Marc Girardelli's five
- Alberto Tomba (born 1966), alpine skier, known as Tomba la Bomba; Earned 3 Olympic gold medals and 9 World Cup trophies winning 50 events
- Francesco Totti (born 1976), footballer
- Alex Treves (1929–2020), Italian-born American Olympic fencer
- Jarno Trulli (born 1974), former Formula One driver
- Ondina Valla (1916–2006), athlete; first Italian woman to win an Olympic gold medal
- Achille Varzi (1904–1948), Grand Prix driver
- Marvin Vettori (born 1993), mixed martial arts fighter
- Valentina Vezzali (born 1974), female fencer; One of only four athletes in the history of the Summer Olympic Games to have won five medals in the same individual event
- Christian Vieri (born 1973), footballer; one of the finest strikers in Europe
- Dorothea Wierer (born 1990), professional biathlete
- Alex Zanardi (born 1966), racing driver; won two CART championship titles in North America during the late 1990s
- Dino Zoff (born 1942), football goalkeeper
- Armin Zöggeler (born 1974), luger; nicknamed Il Cannibale; first Olympian ever, summer or winter, to win six consecutive medals in the same individual event; also holds a record of 10 World Cup titles and 57 victories
- Gianfranco Zola (born 1966), footballer; voted Chelsea's best player in the centenary celebrations of 2005
Writers and philosophers
[edit]Ancient and Late Antique
[edit]- Lucius Accius (170 BC–c. 86 BC), Roman poet. Author of more than 40 tragedies with subjects taken from Greek mythology
- Livius Andronicus (c. 284 BC–c. 204 BC), founder of Roman epic poetry and drama[185]
- Arator (480/490–?), Christian poet, his best known work, De Actibus Apostolorum, is a verse history of the Apostles
- Boethius (470/475–524), Roman scholar, Christian philosopher, and statesman, author of the celebrated De consolatione philosophiae
- Cassiodorus (490 – c. 585), historian, statesman, and monk who helped to save the culture of Rome at a time of impending barbarism[186]
- Catullus (c. 84 BC–c. 54 BC), Roman poet whose expressions of love and hatred are generally considered the finest lyric poetry of ancient Rome[187]
- Ennius (239 BC–169 BC), epic poet, dramatist, and satirist, the most influential of the early Latin poets, rightly called the founder of Roman literature[188]
- Julius Firmicus Maternus (?–?), Christian Latin writer and astrologer
- Gaius Valerius Flaccus (?–c. 90), Roman poet. He wrote an eight-book epic, the Argonautica, on Jason's fabled quest for the Golden Fleece
- Venantius Fortunatus (c. 540 – c. 600), poet and bishop of Poitiers, whose Latin poems and hymns combine echoes of classical Latin poets with medieval tone[189]
- Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40–103), Roman administrator and writer. His most famous work De aquaeductu, in two books written after he was appointed curator of the Roman water-supply (97)
- Aulus Gellius (c. 125–after 180), Latin author and grammarian remembered for his miscellany Attic Nights, in which many fragments of lost works are preserved
- Horace (65 BC–8 BC), Roman poet, outstanding Latin lyric poet and satirist under the emperor Augustus
- Juvenal (55/60–127), most powerful of all Roman satiric poets[190]
- Livy (59/64 BC–AD 17), one of the great Roman historians[191]
- Lucretius (c. 99 BC–c. 55 BC), Roman poet and philosopher known for his single, long poem, De rerum natura[192]
- Gnaeus Naevius (c. 270 BC–c. 200 BC), second of a triad of early Latin epic poets and dramatists, between Livius Andronicus and Ennius[193]
- Cornelius Nepos (c. 100 BC–c. 25 BC), Roman biographer. His only extant work is a collection of biographies, mostly from a lost larger work, De Viris Illustribus (on illustrious men)
- Ovid (43 BC–17 AD), Roman poet noted especially for his Ars amatoria and Metamorphoses[194]
- Persius (34–62), Roman satirist, author of six satires, which show the influence of Horace and of Stoicism and which were imitated by John Donne and translated by John Dryden (1692)[195]
- Petronius (d. 66 AD), reputed author of the Satyricon, a literary portrait of Roman society of the 1st century AD[196]
- Plautus (c. 254 BC–184 BC), Roman comic dramatist, whose works, loosely adapted from Greek plays, established a truly Roman drama in the Latin language
- Pliny the Elder (23–79), Roman savant and author of the celebrated Natural History[197]
- Pliny the Younger (61/62–c. 113),[198] Roman author and administrator
- Sextus Propertius (55/43 BC–16 BC), elegiac poet of ancient Rome
- Gaius Musonius Rufus (1st century AD), Roman Stoic philosopher, known as the teacher of Epictetus
- Sallust (86 BC–35/34 BC), Roman historian and one of the great Latin literary stylists[199]
- Silius Italicus (c. 26–102), Roman poet and politician. He was the author of the longest surviving Latin poem, Punica, an epic in 17 books on the Second Punic War (218–202 BC)[200]
- Statius (c. 45–c. 96), one of the principal Roman epic and lyric poets of the Silver Age of Latin literature (18–133)
- Suetonius (69–after 122), Roman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include De viris illustribus and De vita Caesarum[201]
- Quintus Aurelius Symmachus (c. 345–402), Roman statesman, orator and writer who was a leading opponent of Christianity
- Tibullus (c. 55 BC–c. 19 BC), Roman poet
- Marcus Terentius Varro (116 BC–27 BC), scholar and satirist, known for his Saturae Menippeae[202]
- Marcus Velleius Paterculus (c. 19 BC–c. AD 31), Roman historian. Author of a short history of Rome which he wrote to commemorate the consulship of his friend Marcus Vinicius (AD 30)
- Virgil (70 BC–19 BC), Roman poet, known for his national epic, the Aeneid
The Middle Ages
[edit]- Albertanus of Brescia (c. 1195 – c. 1251), Latin prose writer; known work is Liber consolationis et consilii ("The book of consolation and council")
- Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), poet; known for the epic poem The Divine Comedy
- Cecco Angiolieri (c. 1260 – c. 1312), poet who is considered by some the first master of Italian comic verse[203]
- Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109), founder of Scholasticism; he was one of the most important Christian thinkers of the 11th century
- Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225 – 1274), philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition; his most influential work is the Summa Theologica (1265–1274) which consists of three parts[204]
- Bonaventure (1221–1274), leading medieval theologian, philosopher, minister general of the Franciscan order and cardinal bishop of Albano. He wrote several works on the spiritual life
- Boncompagno da Signa (c. 1165/1175–1240), philosopher, grammarian and historian
- Guido Cavalcanti (c. 1255 – 1300), poet, a major figure among the Florentine poets
- Gioacchino da Fiore (1130–1202), theologian, mystic and esotericist. His thoughts inspired many philosophical movements as the Joachimites and the Florians
- Dino Compagni (c. 1255 – 1324), historical writer and political figure
- Pietro d'Abano (1257–1315), physician, philosopher, and astrologer
- Bonvesin da la Riva (c. 1240 – c. 1313), poet and writer
- Francis of Assisi (1181/1182–1226), founder of the Franciscan orders of the Friars Minor
- Giacomo da Lentini (fl. 13th century), poet. He is traditionally credited with the invention of the sonnet[205]
- Guido delle Colonne (c. 1215 – c. 1290), jurist, poet, and Latin prose writer; author of a prose narrative of the Trojan War entitled Historia destructionis Troiae (completed about 1287)
- Guido Guinizelli (c. 1230 – 1276), considered a precursor of Dante and the originator of the so-called dolce stil novo, or sweet new style[206]
- Guittone d'Arezzo (c. 1235 – 1294), poet and the founder of the Tuscan School
- Jacobus de Voragine (1228/30–1298), archbishop of Genoa, chronicler, and author of the Golden Legend; one of the most popular religious works of the Middle Ages[207]
- Jacopone da Todi (c. 1230 – 1306), Franciscan poet; he wrote many ardent, mystical poems and is probably the author of the Latin poem Stabat Mater Dolorosa[208]
- Lanfranc (c. 1005 – 1089), philosopher and theologian
- Brunetto Latini (c. 1220 – 1294), philosopher, scholar and statesman; wrote, in French, Li livres dou tresor, the first vernacular encyclopedia
- Peter Lombard (c. 1100 – 1160), theologian; his philosophical work, the Four Books of Sentences, was the standard theological text of the Middle Ages[209]
- Marsilius of Padua (1270–1342), political philosopher, whose work Defensor pacis ("Defender of the Peace"), one of the most revolutionary of medieval documents
- Matthew of Aquasparta (1240–1302), Franciscan and scholastic philosopher
- Michael of Cesena (c. 1270 – 1342), Franciscan, general of that Order, and theologian
- Thomas of Celano (c. 1200 – c. 1255), Friar Minor and poet; author of three hagiographies about Saint Francis of Assisi
- Giovanni Villani (c. 1275 – 1348), chronicler whose European attitude to history foreshadowed Humanism[210]
Humanism and the Renaissance
[edit]- Pietro Aretino (1492–1556), writer and satirist; known for his literary attacks on his wealthy and powerful contemporaries and for six volumes of letters
- Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533), poet remembered for his epic poem Orlando furioso (1516)
- Pietro Bembo (1470–1547), cardinal who wrote one of the earliest Italian grammars and assisted in establishing the Italian literary language[211]
- Francesco Berni (1497/98–1535), poet; important for the distinctive style of his Italian burlesque, which was called bernesco and imitated by many poets[212]
- Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375), poet and scholar, author of De mulieribus claris, the Decameron and poems in the vernacular
- Matteo Maria Boiardo (1440/41–1494), poet whose Orlando innamorato, the first poem to combine elements of both Arthurian and Carolingian traditions of romance[213]
- Giovanni Botero (c. 1544 – 1617), philosopher and diplomat, known for his work The Reason of State (1589)
- Luigi Da Porto (1485–1530), writer and storiographer, better known as the author of the novel Novella novamente ritrovata with the story of Romeo and Juliet, later adapted by William Shakespeare for his famous drama
- Leonardo Bruni (c. 1370 – 1444), a leading historian of his time. He wrote History of the Florentine People (1414–15); is generally considered the first modern work of history
- Giordano Bruno (1548–1600), philosopher; his major metaphysical works, De la causa, principio, et Uno (1584) and De l'infinito universo et Mondi (1584), were published in France
- Giulio Camillo (c. 1480 – 1544), philosopher; known for his theatre, described in his posthumously published work L’Idea del Theatro
- Tommaso Campanella(1568–1639), Dominican friar, philosopher and poet. His most significant work was The City of the Sun, a utopia describing an egalitarian theocratic society where property is held in common
- Baldassare Castiglione (1478–1529), courtier, diplomat and writer, known for his dialogue The Book of the Courtier; one of the great books of its time[214]
- Francesco Colonna (1433–1527), author of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili.
- Cesare Cremonini (1550–1631), Aristotelian philosopher at Padua University
- Mario Equicola (c. 1470 – 1525), writer; author of Libro de natura de amore (1525) and Istituzioni del comporre in ogni sorta di rima della lingua volgare (1541)
- Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499), philosopher; his chief work was Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animae (1482), in which he combined Christian theology and Neoplatonic elements
- Francesco Filelfo (1398–1481), writer; author of pieces in prose, published under the title Convivia Mediolanensia, and a great many Latin translations from the Greek
- Veronica Franco (1546–1591), poet and high-ranking courtesan; famous in her day for her intellectual and artistic accomplishments
- Giovanni Battista Guarini (1538–1612), poet who, with Torquato Tasso, is credited with establishing the form of a new literary genre, the pastoral drama[215]
- Francesco Guicciardini (1483–1540), historian; author of the most important contemporary History of Italy (1537–1540); the masterwork of Italian historical literature of the Renaissance
- Cristoforo Landino (1424–1498), writer; he wrote three works framed as philosophical dialogues: De anima (1453), De vera nobilitate (1469), and the Disputationes Camaldulenses (c. 1474)
- Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527), political philosopher and writer; known for his The Prince (written in 1513 and published in 1532); one of the world's most famous essays on political science
- Giannozzo Manetti (1396–1459), politician and diplomat; significant scholar of the early Italian Renaissance
- Girolamo Mei (1519–1594), writer; his treatise De modis musicis antiquorum (a study of ancient Greek music) greatly influenced the ideas of the Florentine Camerata
- Guidobaldo del Monte (1545–1607), mathematician, philosopher and astronomer; known for his work Mechanicorum Liber (1577)
- Gianfrancesco Straparola (1480–1557), writer, whose collection of 75 stories Le piacevoli notti contains the first known versions of many popular fairy tales. Along with Basile, he set the standards for the literary form of fairy tale
- Agostino Nifo (c. 1473 – 1538 or 1545), philosopher and commentator; his principal works are: De intellectu et daemonibus (1492) and De immortalitate animi (1518–1524)
- Marius Nizolius (1498–1576), philosopher and scholar; his major work was the Thesaurus Ciceronianus, published in 1535
- Franciscus Patricius (1529–1597), philosopher and scientist. His two great works: Discussionum peripateticorum libri XV (1571) and Nova de universis philosophia (1591)
- Petrarch (1304–1374), scholar and poet; his Il Canzoniere had enormous influence on the poets of the 15th and 16th centuries
- Alessandro Piccolomini (1508–1579), philosopher; his works include Il Dialogo della bella creanza delle donne, o Raffaella (1539) and the comedies Amor costante (1536) and Alessandro (1544)
- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494), scholar and Platonist philosopher; his Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486) is better known than any other philosophical text of the 15th century
- Bartolomeo Platina (1421–1481), writer and gastronomist. Author of Lives of the Popes (1479); the first systematic handbook of papal history and On honourable pleasure and health (1465); the world's first printed cookbook
- Poliziano (1454–1494), poet and philologist; among his works: Stanze per la giostra (incomplete) and Orfeo (1475)
- Pietro Pomponazzi (1462–1525), philosopher; his principal work is On the Immortality of the Soul (1516)
- Simone Porzio (1496–1554), philosopher. His principal works are: An homo bonus, vel malus volens fiat (1551) and De mente humana (1551)
- Francesco Pucci (1543–1597), philosopher; author of Forma d'una repubblica cattolica (1581)
- Luigi Pulci (1432–1484), poet; he ridiculed the heroic poems of his time in his mock epic Morgante (1478, 1483)
- Ottavio Rinuccini (1562–1621), poet, courtier and opera librettist
- Coluccio Salutati (1331–1406), philosopher, man of letters and a skilled writer; Coluccio drew heavily upon the classical tradition
- Jacopo Sannazaro (1456–1530), poet; author of Arcadia (1501–1504), first pastoral romance[216]
- Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558), scholar; author of De causis linguae Latinae (1540) and Poetics (1561)[217]
- Sperone Speroni (1500–1588), philosopher and scholar; he was one of the central members of Padua's literary academy, Accademia degli Infiammati, and wrote on both moral and literary matters
- Torquato Tasso (1544–1595), poet, one of the foremost writers of the Renaissance, celebrated for his heroic epic poem Jerusalem Delivered (1581)[218]
- Bernardino Telesio (1509–1588), philosopher; his chief work was De rerum natura iuxta propria principia (1565), marked the period of transition from Aristotelianism to modern thought
- Gian Giorgio Trissino (1478–1550), literary theorist, philologist, dramatist, and poet, an important innovator in Italian drama[219]
- Lorenzo Valla (1407–1457), rhetorician, and educator who attacked medieval traditions and anticipated views of the Protestant reformers
- Lucilio Vanini (1585–1619), philosopher; author of Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae Divino-Magicum (1615) and De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis (1616)
- Benedetto Varchi (1502/1503–1565), poet and historian; known for his work Storia fiorentina (16 vol.), published only in 1721
- Giorgio Vasari (1511–1574), writer, architect and painter, known for his entertaining biographies of artists, Le Vite de' più eccellenti architetti, pittori, et scultori italiani (1550)[220]
- Nicoletto Vernia (1442–1499), Averroist philosopher, at the University of Padua
- Giovanni della Casa (1503–1556), poet, writer and diplomat. His Il Galateo (1558), the most celebrated etiquette book in European history, set the foundation for modern etiquette, polite behavior and manners literature[221]
The Baroque period and the Enlightenment
[edit]- Claudio Achillini (1574–1640), poet and jurist; one of the better known Marinisti
- Vittorio Alfieri (1749–1803), tragic poet; from 1775 to 1787, wrote 19 verse tragedies; his works include Filippo (1775), Oreste (1786) and Mirra (1786)
- Francesco Algarotti (1712–1764), philosopher and art critic; author of a number of stimulating essays on the subjects of architecture (1753), the opera (1755), and painting (1762)[222]
- Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799), philosopher and mathematician; first woman to write a mathematics handbook and first woman as mathematics professor in a university[223]
- Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti (1719–1789), literary critic; author of Italian Library (1757)
- Giambattista Basile (c. 1575 – 1632), poet; his collection of 50 short stories Pentamerone (1634–6), provided the content later borrowed by Charles Perrault and Brothers Grimm. With Straparola, he is one of the two fathers of fairy tale tradition
- Cesare Beccaria (1738–1794), philosopher, criminologist and jurist; works include his treatise Dei delitti e delle pene (1763–4)[224]
- Saverio Bettinelli (1718–1808), writer; author of Lettere dieci di Virgilio agli Arcadi (1758)
- Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639), Dominican philosopher and writer; remembered for his socialistic work The City of the Sun (1602)[225]
- Giacomo Casanova (1725– 1798), was author and adventurer from the Republic of Venice
- Giuseppe Lorenzo Maria Casaregi (1670–1737), jurist and advocate
- Melchiorre Cesarotti (1730–1808), poet and translator; author of Essay on the Philosophy of Taste (1785) and Essay on the Philosophy of Languages (1785)
- Elena Cornaro Piscopia (1646–1684), philosopher, first woman to graduate from a university with a doctorate
- Lorenzo Da Ponte (1749–1838), poet and librettist; his most important librettos were for Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), and Così fan tutte (1790)
- Carlo Denina (1731–1813), historian; author of Delle rivoluzioni d'Italia (1769–70) and Delle revoluzioni della Germania (1804)
- Antonio Genovesi (1712–1769), writer and political; author of Disciplinarum Metaphysicarum Elementa (1743–52) and Logica (1745)
- Pietro Giannone (1676–1748), historian and jurist; his most important work was his Il Triregno, ossia del regno del cielo, della terra, e del papa; published only in 1895
- Carlo Goldoni (1707–1793), playwright; wrote more than 260 dramatic works of all sorts, including opera
- Gasparo Gozzi (1713–1786), poet, critic and journalist. His principal writings are: Lettere famigliari (1755), Il Mondo morale (1760) and Osservatore Veneto periodico (1761)
- Giovanni Battista Guarini (1538–1612), poet and theoretician of literature; his best-known work is Il pastor fido (1590), a pastoral tragicomedy
- Scipione Maffei (1675–1755), writer and art critic; his most important works: Conclusioni di amore (1702), La scienza cavalleresca (1710) and De fabula equestris ordinis Constantiniani (1712)
- Giambattista Marino (1569–1625), poet. Founder of the school of Marinism (later Secentismo); among his principal works is L'Adone (1623), a long narrative poem
- Metastasio (1698–1782), poet and librettist; considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti. His melodrama Attilio Regolo (1750) is generally considered his masterpiece
- Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672–1750), historian; author of Antiquitates Italicae Medii Aevi (6 vols; 1738–42) and Annali d'Italia (12 vols; 1744–49)
- Ferrante Pallavicino (1615–1644) satirist and novelist; his most important works: Baccinata ouero battarella per le api barberine (1642) and La Retorica delle puttane (1643)
- Giuseppe Parini (1729–1799), prose writer and poet; author of Dialogo sopra la nobiltà (1757) and Il giorno (4 books, 1763–1801)
- Cesare Ripa (c. 1560 – c. 1622), aesthetician and writer; author of the Iconologia overo Descrittione Dell’imagini Universali cavate dall’Antichità et da altri luoghi (1593), an influential emblem book
- Paolo Vergani (1753–1820), economist of the Papal States
- Alessandro Verri (1741–1816), novelist and reformer; author of Le avventure di Saffo poetessa di Mitilene (1782), Notti romane al sepolcro degli Scipioni (1792–1804) and La vita di Erostrato (1815)
- Pietro Verri (1728–1797), political economist and writer; his chief works are: Riflessioni sulle leggi vincolanti (1769) and Meditazioni sull' economia politica (1771)
- Giambattista Vico (1668–1744), philosopher and historian; his major theories were developed in his Scienza nuova (1725)
The 1800s
[edit]- Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli (1791–1863), poet; he described the vast panorama of Roman society in colorful dialect
- Giovanni Berchet (1783–1851), patriot and poet; he wrote stirring patriotic ballads of a romantic type and rhymed romances, such as Giulia and Matilde
- Luigi Capuana (1839–1915), critic and novelist; among his best works are the short stories in Paesane (1894) and the novel Il marchese di Roccaverdina (1901)
- Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907), poet, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1906, and one of the most influential literary figures of his age[226]
- Carlo Collodi (1826–1890), author and journalist, best known as the creator of the canonical piece of children's literature and world's most translated non-religious book The Adventures of Pinocchio[227]
- Gabriele D'Annunzio (1863–1938), poet, military hero and political leader; author of Il piacere (1889), L'innocente (1892), Giovanni Episcopo (1892) and Il trionfo della morte (1894)[228]
- Edmondo De Amicis (1846–1908), novelist and short-story writer; his most important work is the sentimental children's story Heart (1886)[229]
- Federico De Roberto (1861–1927), writer; known for his novel I Vicerè (1894)
- Francesco de Sanctis (1817–1883), historian and literary critic; important works are his Saggi critici (1866) and his Storia della letteratura italiana (1870–71)[230]
- Antonio Fogazzaro (1842–1911), novelist and poet; his famous Piccolo mondo antico (1896), it is considered one of the great Italian novels of the 19th century
- Ugo Foscolo (1778–1827), poet and patriot; his popular novel The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis (1802) bitterly denounced Napoleon's cession of Venetia to Austria[231]
- Vincenzo Gioberti (1801–1852), philosopher and political writer; his most celebrated work is Del primato morale e civile degli italiani (1843)[232]
- Giuseppe Giusti (1809–1850), satirical poet; known for his poem, Sant’Ambrogio (c. 1846)
- Raimondo Guarini (1765–1852), archaeologist, epigrapher, poet; authored the first Oscan/Latin dictionary
- Francesco Guicciardini (1851–1915), member of the Italian cabinet
- Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837), poet and philosopher; author of Canti (1816–37), expressing a deeply pessimistic view of humanity and human nature
- Alessandro Manzoni (1785–1873), poet and novelist; he is famous for the novel The Betrothed, generally ranked among the masterpieces of world literature
- Ippolito Nievo (1831–1861), writer and patriot; known for his novel Confessioni di un Italiano, also known as Confessioni d'un ottuagenario which was published posthumously in 1867
- Giovanni Pascoli (1855–1912), poet; his works include Carmina (in Latin, 1914), the more mystical Myricae (1891) and the patriotic Odi e inni (1906)
- Silvio Pellico (1789–1854), dramatic poet; his principal works are Francesca da Rimini (1818) and Le mie prigioni (1832)
- Antonio Rosmini-Serbati (1797–1855), religious philosopher; he is known for his work, Nuovo saggio sull’origine delle idee, published in 1830
- Emilio Salgari (1862–1911), adventure novelist for the young; creator of popular heroic figure Sandokan
- Niccolò Tommaseo (1802–1874), poet and critic; editor of a Dizionario della Lingua Italiana in eight volumes (1861–74), of a dictionary of synonyms (1830) and other works
- Ахилле Торелли (1841–1922), драматург
- Джованни Верга (1840–1922), писатель; его работы включают Cavalleria Rusticana (1880 г.), I Malavoglia (1881 г.), Novelle Rusticane (1883 г.) и Мастро-Дон Джезуальдо (1889 г.). [233]
1900-е годы
[ редактировать ]- Никола Аббаньяно (1901–1990), автор таких книг, как La Struttura dell'esistenza (1939). Он был первым и самым выдающимся итальянским экзистенциалистом .
- Коррадо Альваро (1895–1956), писатель и журналист; автор книги «Генте в Аспромонте» , которую большинство критиков считает своим шедевром.
- Джулио Анджиони (1939–2017), писатель и антрополог.
- Макс Асколи (1898–1978), философ и юрист, эмигрировал в Соединенные Штаты Америки.
- Джорджио Бассани (1916–2000), писатель; его самая известная работа «Сад Финци-Контини» , опубликованная в 1962 году.
- Кармело Бене (1937–2002), актер, поэт, театральный режиссер, кинорежиссер и сценарист, автор « Одним Гамлетом меньше» , «Саломея» .
- Виталиано Бранкати (1907–1954), писатель; в 1950 году получил премию Багутты.
- Норберто Боббио (1909–2004), философ права и политических наук, историк политической мысли.
- Джезуальдо Буфалино (1920–1996), писатель; его роман «Ложь ночи» (1988) получил премию Стрега.
- Дино Буззати (1906–1972), писатель, прозаик и художник; самое известное его произведение — роман «Татарская степь» , опубликованный в 1940 году.
- Итало Кальвино (1923–1985), писатель; его трилогия исторических фантазий «Раздвоенный виконт» (1952), «Барон на деревьях» (1957) и «Несуществующий рыцарь» (1959) принесла ему международное признание.
- Андреа Камиллери (1925–2019), писатель; создатель популярного фильма «Инспектор Сальво Монтальбано»
- Дино Кампана (1885–1932), поэт, автор «Канти Орфичи».
- Карло Кассола (1917–1987), писатель-неореалист; известен своим романом « Девушка Бебо» , опубликованным в 1960 году.
- Бенедетто Кроче (1866–1952), историк, гуманист и выдающийся итальянский философ первой половины 20 века. [234]
- Эрри Де Лука (1950 г.р.), поэт и писатель; автор книг «Уксус, радуга» (1992), «Три лошади» (2000) и «Монтедидио» (2002).
- Виктория де Стефано (1940–2023), писательница, эмигрировавшая в Венесуэлу, эссеист, философ и педагог.
- Грация Деледда (1871–1936), писательница. Она была удостоена Нобелевской премии в 1926 году; ее самые известные работы - «Элиас Портолу» (1903), «Сенере» (1904) и «Мадре» (1920). [235]
- Умберто Эко (1932–2016), писатель; всемирно известен своим романом «Имя розы» (1980). [236]
- Юлиус Эвола (1898–1974), философ и социальный мыслитель; один из ведущих представителей герметической традиции
- Ориана Фаллачи (1929–2006), писатель и политический интервьюер; важными работами являются ее «Ярость и гордость» (2001) и «Сила разума» (2004).
- Беппе Фенолио (1922–1963), писатель; он известен своим романом Il partigiano Johnny , который был опубликован посмертно (и неполным) в 1968 году.
- Дарио Фо (1926–2016), сатирик, драматург, театральный режиссер, актер и композитор. Он получил Нобелевскую премию по литературе в 1997 году. [237]
- Чарльз Эмилио Гадда (1893–1973), писатель; известный роман - «Этот ужасный беспорядок на виа Мерулана» (1957).
- Франческо Гаэта (1879–1927)
- Джованни Джентиле (1875–1944), философ-идеалист, политик, педагог и редактор, которого иногда называют «философом фашизма ».
- Наталья Гинзбург (1916–1991), писательница; известна своими романами «Дорога в город» (1942), «Все было так» (1947) и «Вечерние голоса» (1961).
- Джованнино Гуарески (1908–1968), журналист и писатель, известный как автор «Маленького мира дона Камилло» (тр. 1950) и его продолжений.
- Хосе Инхеньерос (1877–1925), врач, фармацевт, философ-позитивист и эссеист.
- Томмазо Ландольфи (1908–1979), писатель и переводчик; Самая известная и переведенная работа - Racconto d'autunno (1947).
- Карло Леви (1902–1975), писатель, художник и политический журналист; известен своей книгой « Христос остановился в Эболи» , опубликованной в 1945 году. [238]
- Примо Леви (1919–1987), писатель и химик; его первые мемуары « Если это мужчина» были названы одним из самых важных произведений 20-го века. [239]
- Клаудио Магрис (род. 1939), писатель; автор книг «Иллюзии на саблю» (1984), «Дунабио» (1986), «Штадельманн» (1988), «Другое море » (1991) и «Микрокосм» (1997).
- Филиппо Томмазо Маринетти (1876–1944), писатель и прозаик. Идейный основатель футуризма ; среди его работ - Le Roi Bombance (1905) и Футуристический манифест (1909).
- Альда Мерини (1931–2009), писатель и поэт.
- Эудженио Монтале (1896–1981), поэт, чьи произведения, оказавшие большое влияние на итальянскую литературу 20-го века, включают «Случаи» (1939) и «Сатура» (1962). Лауреат Нобелевской премии по литературе 1975 года.
- Индро Монтанелли (1909–2001), журналист и историк, известный своим новым подходом к написанию истории в таких книгах, как «История Рима» (1957) и «История греков» (1959).
- Эльза Моранте (1912–1985), писательница и поэтесса; ее самая известная работа «История» , опубликованная в 1974 году.
- Альберто Моравиа (1907–1990), писатель; автор книги «Gli independenti» (1929) и антифашистского романа « Конформист» (1951).
- Альдо Палаццески (1885–1974), прозаик и поэт; известен своим романом «Код Перела», опубликованным в 1911 году.
- Чезаре Павезе (1908–1950), поэт, прозаик и переводчик; его основные работы включают Il Compagno (1947), Tra Donne Sole (1948) и «Луна и костры» (1949).
- Луиджи Пиранделло (1867–1936), писатель и драматург, лауреат Нобелевской премии по литературе 1934 года; известен серией романов и модернистской пьесой « Шесть персонажей в поисках автора».
- Васко Пратолини (1913–1991), писатель и прозаик; его наиболее важные литературные произведения - романы «Семейный дневник» (1947), «Хроника бедных влюбленных» (1947) и «Метелло» (1955).
- Сальваторе Квазимодо (1901–1968), поэт; Среди его работ «Несравненная земля» (1958) и «Отдавать и брать» (1966). Он получил Нобелевскую премию по литературе в 1959 году. [240]
- Марио Ригони Штерн (1921–2008), его основные работы включают «Сержант в снегу» (1953), «История Тёнле» (1978) и «Времена года Джакомо» (1995).
- Джанни Родари (1920–1980), писатель и журналист; он выиграл Премию Ганса Христиана Андерсена в 1970 году.
- Алехандро Росси (1932–2009), писатель и философ.
- Рафаэль Сабатини (1875–1950), итало-британский писатель любовных и приключенческих романов. Он остается наиболее известным благодаря фильмам «Морской ястреб» (1915), «Скарамуш» (1921) и «Капитан Блад» (1922).
- Джованни Сартори (1924–2017). политолог, специализирующийся на изучении демократии, политических партий и сравнительной политики.
- Леонардо Шаша (1921–1989), писатель; автор книг «День совы» (1961) и «Каждому свое» (1966).
- Филиппо Скоццари (1946 г.р.), писатель и автор комиксов
- Витторио Сгарби (1952 г.р.), искусствовед, историк искусства, писатель, политик, культурный обозреватель и телеведущий
- Игнацио Силоне (1900–1978), писатель и журналист; известен своим романом «Фонтамара» (1930); был переведен на 14 языков [241]
- Итало Свево (1861–1928), писатель; его самое известное произведение, названное первым модернистским романом Италии, - «Совесть Зенона» (1923). [ нужна ссылка ]
- Антонио Табукки (1943–2012), писатель; автор книг «Notturno Indiano» (1984) и «Сосвиене Перейра» (1994).
- Сюзанна Тамаро (1957 г.р.), писательница. Известен бестселлером « Иди туда, куда ведет твое сердце» (1994).
- Джузеппе Томази ди Лампедуза (1896–1957), писатель; всемирно известен своей работой «Леопард» , опубликованной посмертно в 1958 году. [242]
- Пьер Витторио Тонделли (1955–1991), писатель; автор книг «Альтри Либертини» (1980) и «Званый ужин» (1994).
- Федериго Тоцци (1883–1920), писатель; известен своим романом «С закрытыми глазами», опубликованным в 1919 году.
- Джузеппе Унгаретти (1888–1970), поэт, основатель герметического движения, которое привело к переориентации современной итальянской поэзии. [243]
- Элио Витторини (1908–1966), писатель; его произведения, среди которых «Сумерки слона» (1947) и «Красная гвоздика» (1948), делают серьезную попытку оценить фашистский опыт. [244]
Другие известные люди
[ редактировать ]- Лаура де Сантильяна (1955–2019), современный художник по стеклу.
- Джованни Аньелли (1866–1945), предприниматель. Основатель Fiat ( Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino ). автомобильной компании
- Доменико Агуста (1907–1971), предприниматель. Генеральный директор авиационной компании Agusta после смерти своего отца в 1927 году, основал мотоциклетную компанию MV Agusta в 1945 году.
- Франко Арчибуджи (1926–2020), экономист и планировщик.
- Джорджио Армани (1934 г.р.), модельер, светский человек и бизнесмен.
- Гвидо Барилла (1958 г.р.), бизнесмен и председатель Barilla Group , крупнейшей в мире компании по производству макаронных изделий.
- Раввин Берл Лазар (1964 г.р.) Главный раввин России
- Эдоардо Бьянки (1865–1946), предприниматель и изобретатель, основавший в 1885 году компанию по производству велосипедов Bianchi, и итальянского производителя автомобилей Autobianchi.
- Марсель Бич (1914–1994), предприниматель, соучредитель всемирно известной компании Bic . , которая впоследствии стала самой популярной и продаваемой в мире. Он создал ручку Bic Cristal
- Лучано Бенеттон (род. 1935), бизнесмен, соучредитель Benetton Group , известного итальянского модного бренда.
- Бартоломео Беретта (ок. 1490 – ок. 1565). известный как маэстро ди канне (мастер-изготовитель стволов), был ремесленником, который к 1526 году основал предприятие по производству оружия « Беретта» .
- Фортунато Брешиа Тассано (умер в 1951 г.), бизнесмен, основавший Grupo Breca , компанию по недвижимости, ставшую конгломератом. Он эмигрировал в Перу в 1889 году.
- Этторе Бугатти (1881–1947), дизайнер и производитель автомобилей. Основатель производственной компании Automobiles E. Bugatti в 1909 году в тогдашнем немецком городе Мольсхайм в регионе Эльзас на территории нынешней Франции.
- Гаспаре Кампари (1828–1882), производитель напитков. В 1860 году он разработал горький напиток Кампари . Его рецепт, который Кампари сохраняет в тайне, содержал более 60 натуральных ингредиентов.
- Марилу Каппарелли, итальянский юрист Google
- Пьер Карден (1922–1920), модельер. Он известен своим авангардным стилем и проектами космической эры.
- Роберто Кавалли (1940 г.р.), модельер и изобретатель. Он известен своими экзотическими принтами и созданием пескоструйной обработки джинсов.
- Нино Черрути (1930–2022), бизнесмен и стилист. Он основал собственный дом высокой моды.
- Раффаэле Чикала (ок. 1960), бизнесмен, генеральный директор LaSer Group.
- Франческо Чирио (1836–1900), бизнесмен, считается одним из первых в мире, кто разработал технику аппертизации в Италии.
- Лука Кордеро ди Монтедземоло (1947 г.р.), бизнесмен, бывший председатель Ferrari, бывший председатель Fiat SpA и президент Confindustria
- Помпео Д'Амброзио (1917–1998), предприниматель в качестве финансового менеджера Banco Latino по продвижению многих успешных итальянских предпринимателей в Венесуэле. Он даже был соучредителем Deportivo Italia, футбольного клуба итальянской общины Венесуэлы.
- Джузеппе Де'Лонги (1939 г.р.), бизнесмен и президент De'Longhi Group
- Торкуато ди Телла (1892–1948), промышленник и филантроп, мигрировал в Аргентину.
- Пьетро Д'Онофрио (1859–1937), основатель перуанского бренда и бизнеса, занимающегося в первую очередь продажей кондитерских изделий.
- Сальваторе Фалабелла основатель транснациональной сети универмагов, принадлежащей чилийской транснациональной компании SARA Falabella . Это крупнейший универмаг Южной Америки.
- Жан Мари Фарина (1685–1766, парфюмер, эмигрировавший в Германию, создал первую одеколонную воду).
- Гаэтано Филанджери (1752–1788), экономист и государственный советник; он известен своей работой «Наука законодательства» (т. 1–7; 1780–85).
- Винченцо Флорио (1883–1959), предприниматель, наследник богатой династии Флорио. Автолюбитель, он наиболее известен как основатель автогонок Florio . Targa
- Фердинандо Галиани (1728–1787), экономист; он опубликовал два трактата: « Делла Монета» (1750 г.) и « Диалоги о коммерции цветов» (1770 г.).
- Доменико Дольче (1958 г.р.), модельер и предприниматель, соучредитель Dolce & Gabbana роскошного дома моды
- Эмилио Пуччи , Шатер Барсенто (1914–1992), модельер и политик.
- Джанфранко Фаина , итальянский профессор (?–1981)
- Эдоардо Фенди (1904–1954), модельер, сооснователь магазина меха и кожи Fendi на Виа дель Плебишито в Риме.
- Сальваторе Феррагамо (1898–1960), дизайнер обуви и основатель розничной торговли элитными товарами Salvatore Ferragamo SpA.
- Энцо Феррари (1898–1988), автогонщик и предприниматель, основатель Гран-при Scuderia Ferrari и Ferrari. автомобильной марки
- Пьетро Ферреро (1898–1949), основатель Ferrero SpA, компании по производству кондитерских изделий и шоколада. Его компания изобрела Nutella — пасту с ореховым кремом, которая сейчас продается более чем в 160 странах.
- Миколь Фонтана (1913–2015), стилист и предприниматель. Вместе со своими двумя сестрами Миколь Фонтана была стилистом и соучредителем модного дома Sorelle Fontana.
- Назарено Фонтиколи , модельер, создатель современной фабрики Brioni Roman Style, представил концепцию Prêt Couture, или готовой одежды от кутюр, которая закрепила международный рост бренда Brioni.
- Стефано Габбана (1962 г.р.), модельер и соучредитель Dolce & Gabbana роскошного дома моды
- Рауль Гардини (1933–1993), предприниматель. В 1980 году в качестве генерального директора Ferruzzi Group возглавил приобретение Beeghin-Say SA . В 1987 году купил химическую группу Montedison . В 1989 году Eni и Montedison создали совместное предприятие под названием Enimont .
- Филиппо Гранди (1957 г.р.), дипломат, нынешний Верховный комиссар ООН по делам беженцев
- Джованни Ахилле Гаджа (1895–1961), изобретатель первой современной кофемашины без пара, 5 сентября 1938 года, которая будет использоваться в коммерческих целях в его кофейне.
- Палиццоло Гравина , барон Рамионе, геральдический писатель XIX века.
- Гуччио Гуччи (1881–1953), бизнесмен и модельер. Он известен как основатель модного дома Gucci.
- Люсия Геррини (1921–1990), ученый-классик и археолог
- Карло Гуцци (1889–1964), соучредитель Moto Guzzi
- Андреа Илли (1964 г.р.), бизнесмен. Он является председателем illycaffè SpA, семейного кофейного бизнеса, основанного в Триесте в 1933 году.
- Фердинандо Инноченти (1891–1966), бизнесмен, основавший машиностроительную компанию Innocenti и создатель мотороллера Lambretta .
- Барбара Лабате (1970-е гг.), предприниматель, соучредитель успешного торгового сайта Risparmio Super.
- Альд Мануций (1449–1515), гуманист, ученый, педагог и основатель Aldine Press.
- Хавьер Херардо Милей (1970 г.р.), политик и экономист; он является президентом Аргентины с 2023 года.
- Марио Моретти Полегато (1952 г.р.), предприниматель, работающий в обувном секторе, основавший компанию Geox , президентом которой он является.
- Антонио Пасин (1897–1990), промышленник, основатель компании Radio Flyer , наиболее известный благодаря изготовлению штампованной стальной игрушечной тележки Radio Flyer.
- Энрико Пьяджо (1805–1965), промышленник, принял решение диверсифицировать свой авиационный завод и начать производство скутеров Vespa .
- Чарльз Понци (1882–1949), мошенник и художник из США и Канады.
- Франческо Антонио Брокку (1797–1882), ремесленник. Обычно считается изобретателем револьвера (1833 г.). [245]
- Алессандро Калиостро (1743–1795), шарлатан, фокусник и авантюрист, пользовавшийся огромным успехом в парижском высшем обществе в годы, предшествовавшие Французской революции.
- Амброджо Калепино (ок. 1440–1510), один из первых итальянских лексикографов, от имени которого произошло некогда распространенное итальянское слово « calepino» и английское слово «calepin» , означающее « словарь ».
- Антонио Бенедетто Карпано (1764–1815), винодел. Изобретатель вермута и аперитива (1786 г.).
- Бартоломео Кристофори (1655–1731), мастер клавесина, которому обычно приписывают изобретение фортепиано ( ок. 1700). [246]
- Франческо Датини (1335–1410), купец, чьи деловые и частные бумаги, сохранившиеся в Прато , составляют один из важнейших архивов экономической истории Средневековья .
- Лоренцо де Тонти (ок. 1602 – ок. 1684), банкир. Изобретатель системы аннуитетов, ныне известной как тонтина (1653 г.).
- Джузеппе Донати (1835–1925), музыкант. Изобретатель классической окарины
- Джованни Фальконе (1939–1992), мировой судья, специализировавшийся на преследовании преступников Коза Ностры . История его жизни очень похожа на историю его ближайшего друга Паоло Борселлино.
- Розина Феррарио (1888–1957), первая итальянка, получившая лицензию пилота в январе 1913 года.
- Андреа Фольи , дизайнер продуктов и дизайнер интерьеров
- Риккардо Гуалино (1879–1964), деловой магнат и коллекционер произведений искусства. Он также был покровителем бизнес-империи, основанной на лесных концессиях, грузовых судах, банковском деле, производстве вискозы, кондитерских изделий, химикатов, искусственной кожи и кинопроизводстве.
- Доменико Жирарделли (1817–1894), шоколатье, основатель шоколадной компании Ghirardelli в Сан-Франциско, Калифорния.
- Хосе Греко (1918–2000), танцор и хореограф. Популярный испанский танец в 1950-х и 60-х годах иногда приносил ему титул «величайшего в мире неиспанского испанского танцора». [247] Правительство Испании посвятило его в рыцари в 1962 году. [248]
- Иоганн Мария Фарина (1685–1766), дизайнер и производитель парфюмерии. Изобретатель одеколона (1709 г.).
- Дино Де Лаурентис (1919–2010), кинопродюсер. Он продюсировал или был сопродюсером более 500 фильмов, из которых 38 были номинированы на премию Оскар .
- Соня Ганди (1946 г.р.), индийский политик итальянского происхождения и президент Индийского национального конгресса , вдова бывшего премьер-министра Раджива Ганди.
- Уголино делла Герардеска (ок. 1220–1289), дворянин, смерть которого от голода вместе с сыновьями и внуками описана Данте в «Аде» (Песнь XXXIII).
- Иоанн Монтекорвино (1246–1328), францисканец и основатель католической миссии в Китае.
- Анджело Мориондо (1851–1914), изобретатель, которому обычно приписывают патент на самую раннюю известную кофемашину для эспрессо , в 1884 году.
- Лиза дель Джокондо (1479–1542 или ок. 1551), ее имя было дано Моне Лизе , ее портрет был заказан ее мужем и написан Леонардо да Винчи во время итальянского Возрождения.
- Джованни Паоло Ланчелотти (1522–1590), юрист
- Ферруччо Ламборгини (1916–1993), автомобильный дизайнер, изобретатель, инженер, винодел, промышленник и бизнесмен, создавший в 1963 году * Automobili Lamborghini , производителя спортивных автомобилей высокого класса.
- Луиджи Лавацца (1859–1949), бизнесмен. В 1895 году он основал кофейную компанию Lavazza в Турине.
- Локанатха (1897–1966) до рукоположения был известен как Сальваторе Чоффи, выдающийся итальянский буддийский монах и миссионер.
- Алессандро Мартини (1812–1905), бизнесмен, основатель одной из самых важных компаний по производству вермута в мире, Martini & Rossi , производящей вермут Мартини.
- Энрико Маттеи (1906–1962), государственный администратор ENI
- Витторио Миссони (1954–2013), генеральный директор Missoni бренд , дома моды , основанного его родителями в 1953 году. Ему приписывают превращение Missoni в глобальный после того, как его родители передали контроль ему и двум его братьям и сестрам, Анджеле и Луке, в 1996 году.
- Арнольдо Мондадори (1889–1971), предприниматель, основавший в 1907 году крупнейшую издательскую компанию Италии.
- Эдгардо Мортара (1851–1940), священник, центральная фигура в споре, который возник, когда в возрасте 6 лет его насильно забрали у еврейских родителей, потому что его крестила домашняя прислуга.
- Альдо Нотари (1932–2006), бизнесмен был президентом Международной федерации бейсбола с 1993 по 2006 год.
- Калоджеро Папарони (1876–1958), торговец кофе иммигрировал в Венесуэлу.
- Ринальдо Пьяджо (1864–1938), предприниматель, сенатор и основатель Piaggio Group.
- Дженеросо Папа (1891–1950), бизнесмен и владелец сети итальяноязычных газет в крупных городах США.
- Карло Понти (1912–2007), кинопродюсер. Вместе с Дино Де Лаурентисом он популяризировал итальянское кино после Второй мировой войны.
- Аурелио Печчеи (1908–1984), промышленник и филантроп, соучредитель Цыганского клуба.
- Примо Небиоло (1923–1999), спортивный деятель, наиболее известный как президент Всемирной федерации легкой атлетики ИААФ с 1981 года до своей смерти в 1999 году. Он был инициатором Континентального кубка ИААФ.
- Джованни Баттиста Пирелли (1848–1932), основатель Pirelli , компании, специализирующейся на производстве каучука и его производных.
- Нина Риччи (1883–1970), модельер. В 1932 году она вместе со своим сыном Робертом основала в Париже модный дом Nina Ricci. С 1998 года он принадлежит испанской компании Puig.
- Джованни Рикорди (1785–1853), основатель Casa Ricordi.
- Кола ди Риенцо (ок. 1313–1354), популярный лидер, пытавшийся восстановить величие Древнего Рима.
- Анджело Риццоли (1889–1970); издатель и кинопродюсер
- Дело Сакко и Ванцетти (1888–1927, 1891–1927), спорный судебный процесс по делу об убийстве в Массачусетсе , США, длившийся семь лет, 1920–27, и приведший к казни обвиняемых.
- Массимо Сальвадори (1908–1992), историк
- Джироламо Савонарола (1452–1498), христианский проповедник, реформатор и мученик, известный своим столкновением с тираническими правителями и коррумпированным духовенством.
- Эльза Скиапарелли (1890–1973), модельер. Наряду с Коко Шанель, ее величайшей соперницей, она считается одной из самых выдающихся европейских фигур в моде между двумя мировыми войнами.
- Микела Шифф Джорджини (1923–1978), египтолог
- Мария Синьорелли (1908–1992), кукольный мастер и коллекционер марионеток из Рима.
- Отец Симпличиано Рождества Христова (1827–1898), основатель Конгрегации сестер-францисканок Святых Сердец в Санта-Бальбине.
- Калисто Танци (1938–2022), бизнесмен и осужденный мошенник. Он основал Parmalat в 1961 году, после того как бросил колледж.
- Мишель Таддеи , мастер по коже, соучредитель Botega Veneta роскошного дома моды . Линейка продуктов включает готовую одежду, сумки, обувь, аксессуары и украшения; и она передает Coty, Inc. лицензию на свое название и торговую марку в отношении парфюмерии.
- Эмилия Телезе (1973 г.р.), артистка аудио и визуальных эффектов
- Аугусто Одоне (1933–2013, 1939–2000, 1978–2008), известный созданием масла Лоренцо для лечения адренолейкодистрофии после того, как у его сына Лоренцо было диагностировано редкое и смертельное заболевание.
- Миучча Прада (1949 г.р.), модельер и бизнесвумен.
- Андреа Росси (1950 г.р.); предприниматель, известный благодаря Petroldragon, Energy Catalyzer, который утверждает, что изобрел устройство холодного синтеза.
- Серджио Росси (1935–2020), дизайнер обуви, основавший собственный всемирно известный бренд.
- Борнио да Сала (15 век – 1496), юрист, гуманист, писатель и профессор права.
- Эмилио Шуберт (1904–1972), модельер, популярный в 1940-х и 1950-х годах. Шуберта называли «портным звезд».
- Филиппо Синдони (1936–2007), бизнесмен эмигрировал в Венесуэлу, его деятельность активизировалась в сфере продуктов питания и средств массовой информации.
- Валентино (род.1932), модельер, основатель бренда Valentino . и компании
- Донателла Версаче (1955 г.р.), модельер, бизнесвумен, светская львица и модель. В 1997 году она унаследовала часть бренда Versace и стала его креативным директором. В настоящее время она является креативным директором бренда. Вместе со своим братом Джанни ей широко приписывают феномен супермодели 1990-х годов, когда она подбирала редакционных моделей на подиуме.
- Джанни Версаче (1946–1997), модельер, светский человек и бизнесмен.
- Бруно Веспа (1944 г.р.), журналист. Бывший директор новостной программы Rai Uno TG1 , ведущий-основатель ток-шоу Porta a Porta (англ. «От двери до двери»), которое без перерывов транслируется на каналах RAI с 1996 года.
- Симонетта Веспуччи (ок. 1453 – 26 апреля 1476), по прозвищу прекрасная Симонетта , дворянка итальянского Возрождения из Генуи.
- Джованни Баттиста Вичини (1847–1900), предприниматель, эмигрировавший в Санто-Доминго, основатель деловой семьи. По данным журнала Forbes, Вичини в целом являются самой богатой семьей Доминиканской Республики.
- Антонио Луиджи Занусси (1890–1946), предприниматель, основатель группы бытовой техники Zanuzzi.
- Паола Занкани Монтуоро (1901–1987), классический археолог
- Массимо Занетти (1948 г.р.), предприниматель и бывший политик, владелец Segafredo , глобальной кофейной компании.
- Эрменегильдо Зенья (1955 г.р.), предприниматель и менеджер. Он является генеральным директором одноименного роскошного дома моды Ermenegildo Zegna.
См. также
[ редактировать ]Ссылки
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технически машина представляла собой программируемый калькулятор, а не компьютер.
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- ^ Святого Григория I « Британская онлайн-энциклопедия , 2011. Интернет, 2 марта 2011 г.
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